AmericaPub Date : 2018-08-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0154
M. Wise, P. Frost
{"title":"Brain death","authors":"M. Wise, P. Frost","doi":"10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0154","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical ventilation has made it possible for the heart to continue to beat and perfuse other organs even when the brain is dead. This means that death can be diagnosed in two distinct ways: first, in the traditional manner, as permanent cessation of cardiorespiratory function; and, second, while the patient is ventilated, as brain death (BD). In 1976 the Conference of Medical Royal Colleges and their Faculties in the United Kingdom, in a statement on the diagnosis of BD, recognized the brainstem as the centre of brain activity, without which life was not possible. Brainstem death (BSD) occurs when there is complete, irreversible loss of brainstem function, that is, irreversible loss of the capacity for consciousness, coupled with irreversible loss of the capacity to breathe. In the UK, the terms BD and BSD are used interchangeably and are legally synonymous with somatic death. This chapter covers examination for BSD, complications, diagnosis, investigation, and actions arising after BSD, as well as a definition of BD.","PeriodicalId":80414,"journal":{"name":"America","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61659448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AmericaPub Date : 2015-10-06DOI: 10.7312/columbia/9780231170888.003.0008
Monika Renz, Mark Kyburz, John Peck
{"title":"Dying with Dignity","authors":"Monika Renz, Mark Kyburz, John Peck","doi":"10.7312/columbia/9780231170888.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7312/columbia/9780231170888.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80414,"journal":{"name":"America","volume":"1 1","pages":"107-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71144855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cloning, by whatever name, smells bad.","authors":"John F Kavanaugh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80414,"journal":{"name":"America","volume":"194 21","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26155260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rights talk and its remedies: the jurisprudence of Mary Ann Glendon.","authors":"John D Hagen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80414,"journal":{"name":"America","volume":"194 1","pages":"14-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25840898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Easing abortion's pain: the new fight to help the unborn.","authors":"Antony Barone Kolenc","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80414,"journal":{"name":"America","volume":"193 8","pages":"18-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25699631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Brainism: 'we are not our brains; we are embodied persons'.","authors":"John F Kavanaugh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80414,"journal":{"name":"America","volume":"193 4","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25671644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Leftover embryos: 'this is not junk science'.","authors":"John F Kavanaugh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80414,"journal":{"name":"America","volume":"192 21","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25596728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The legacy of the Schiavo case: the atmosphere around end-of-life decisions has changed.","authors":"Thomas A Shannon","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80414,"journal":{"name":"America","volume":"192 20","pages":"17-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25596726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"No to abortion: posture, not policy.","authors":"Dennis O'Brien","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80414,"journal":{"name":"America","volume":"192 19","pages":"7-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25594693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Genetic engineering is not the answer.","authors":"Sean McDonagh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80414,"journal":{"name":"America","volume":"192 14","pages":"8-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24898769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}