Aliso最新文献

{"title":"Discovery of Claytonia lanceolata var. peirsonii in the San Bernardino Mountains Perpetuates a History of Taxonomic Uncertainty","authors":"Thomas R. Stoughton, Diana D. Jolles","doi":"10.5642/ALISO.20133101.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5642/ALISO.20133101.06","url":null,"abstract":"Claytonia lanceolata is a widespread perennial herb that typically blooms in areas where snow persists, occurring along mountain corridors from Canada to southern California. Numerous varieties have been described for this species, but most are not recognized under current taxonomic treatments. The discovery of new populations of C. lanceolata in southern California is reported, and the taxonomic uncertainties associated with the C. lanceolata species complex and the southern California var. peirsonii are discussed. Subtle characters for distinguishing the southern populations of C. lanceolata may be obscured during the process of making herbarium specimens. We clarify some of the distinguishing morphological features and associated ecology of C. lanceolata var. peirsonii . Based on detailed field observations in southern California, information is collated for populations across the entire known range of the variety. Recommendations are made regarding opportunities for further investigation, and information pertinent to the conservation of C. lanceolata var. peirsonii in California is updated.","PeriodicalId":80410,"journal":{"name":"Aliso","volume":"11 1","pages":"35-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70795919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A NEW SUBSPECIES OF CALYSTEGIA COLLINA (GREENE) BRUMMITT (CONVOLVULACEAE) IN THE COAST RANGES OF CALIFORNIA AND NOTES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE SPECIES","authors":"R. Brummitt, Sandra M Namoff","doi":"10.5642/ALISO.20133102.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5642/ALISO.20133102.04","url":null,"abstract":"Calystegia collina occurs in the Coast Ranges of California from Lake County to Santa Barbara County and is considered closely related to, but specifically separable from, C. malacophylla. The northernmost taxon in the C. collina complex, subsp. tridactylosa, differs from other taxa in significant morphological characters and is geographically disjunct. Further investigation may suggest that subspecies tridactylosa should be elevated to the rank of species. The contiguous distributions of subspecies collina and oxyphylla are detailed, and subspecific rank is justified based on morphological considerations despite range overlap and the existence of some intermediates. Subspecies apicum, formerly included in subspecies venusta based on sepal similarity, is segregated based on differences in leaf margin morphology, leaf size, and overall differences in pubescence. The revised concept of subspecies venusta only includes plants with strongly sinuate leaf margins.","PeriodicalId":80410,"journal":{"name":"Aliso","volume":"31 1","pages":"83-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70796032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Species of Linanthus (Polemoniaceae) from San Bernardino County, California","authors":"N. Fraga, D. S. Bell","doi":"10.5642/ALISO.20133002.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5642/ALISO.20133002.04","url":null,"abstract":"Linanthus bernardinus is described as new from San Bernardino County, California. It is morphologically similar to L. killipii and L. orcuttii subsp. pacificus but differs from plants of these taxa in height, corolla length, seed morphology, and habitat. Linanthus bernardinus can be found growing in vernally moist areas within Joshua tree woodland, often in shallow depressions, or on gentle slopes, in decomposed granite sand that is surrounded by large granite boulder fields.","PeriodicalId":80410,"journal":{"name":"Aliso","volume":"30 1","pages":"97-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70796186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calystegia vanzuukiae (Convolvulaceae), a Remarkable New Species From Central California","authors":"R. Brummitt, Sandra M Namoff","doi":"10.5642/ALISO.20133101.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5642/ALISO.20133101.03","url":null,"abstract":"A new species is described as Calystegia vanzuukiae (Convolvulaceae) from Placer and Eldorado Counties of central California. The species occurs in the western Sierra Nevada in chaparral mixed conifer forests on serpentine and gabbro soils. Gross morphological similarity to C. occidentalis suggests that these species may be sister taxa. While leaf morphology differs, habit and ecology are similar for the new taxon and C. stebbinsii. Possible evolutionary relationships to C. stebbinsii are also considered.","PeriodicalId":80410,"journal":{"name":"Aliso","volume":"31 1","pages":"15-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70796268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Diversity in Swallenia alexandrae (Poaceae, Chloridoideae), a Narrow Endemic From the Eureka Dunes (Inyo County, California)","authors":"H. Bell","doi":"10.5642/ALISO.20133101.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5642/ALISO.20133101.05","url":null,"abstract":"Swallenia alexandrae, Eureka Valley dune grass (Poaceae, Chloridoideae), is a narrow endemic known only from three localities in the Eureka Valley and adjoining Saline Range in the northern portion of Death Valley National Park (Inyo County, California). This monotypic genus is listed as endangered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and as rare by the California Department of Fish and Game. Genetic diversity within and among populations of S. alexandrae was studied with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA. A single polymorphic band was detected in approximately one quarter of all individuals sampled. This result indicates very low genetic diversity in S. alexandrae. There is no evidence of private alleles and very little partitioning of genetic diversity between populations. These results are discussed in relation to conservation concerns for S. alexandrae.","PeriodicalId":80410,"journal":{"name":"Aliso","volume":"31 1","pages":"25-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70795905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pectocarya anisocarpa, a new species of Boraginaceae, and a revised key for the genus in western North America","authors":"C. Guilliams, Barbara A. Veno, M. Simpson, R. B. Kelley","doi":"10.5642/ALISO.20133101.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5642/ALISO.20133101.02","url":null,"abstract":"Pectocarya is a genus of 13 currently accepted taxa in Boraginaceae, subtribe Cryptanthinae. The genus has an amphitropical distribution in the New World, with eight taxa in western North America, seven in South America, and two occurring in both continents. Members of Pectocarya are distinctive in having a bilaterally or radially symmetrical fruit of four strongly divergent nutlets. Taxa within the genus are distinguished largely by the morphology of the nutlets, including shape, size, margin, posture, and variability both within a fruit and/or within a plant. Pectocarya ‘‘anisocarpa’’ (Boraginaceae) was previously named and described, but not validly published. Along with taxon-specific nutlet ornamentation, P. ‘‘anisocarpa’’ has fruits within a plant that are monomorphic and nutlets within a fruit that are heteromorphic. It is common throughout its range, which in the United States includes the southern half of California, Arizona, and southern Utah to the east. The species’ southernmost extent is in northwestern Baja California, Mexico. It is often encountered in mixed populations with congeners, and has been confused historically with P. penicillata and P. linearis var. ferocula in California and Baja California and P. heterocarpa in Arizona and Utah. Here we validly publish the name P. anisocarpa, as well as provide illustrations, an image of the holotype specimen, and a range map of the new taxon. A revised taxonomic key and photographs of the fruits of the North American Pectocarya taxa are also included.","PeriodicalId":80410,"journal":{"name":"Aliso","volume":"31 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70796255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Euphorbia (Subgen. Chamaesyce Sect. Anisophyllum) jaegeri, a Shrubby New Species from the Deserts of California, United States","authors":"V. Steinmann, James M. André","doi":"10.5642/ALISO.20123001.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5642/ALISO.20123001.02","url":null,"abstract":"Euphorbia jaegeri (Euphorbiaceae), an endemic to southeastern California, United States, is described as new and illustrated with photographs. It is known from two general locations, one in the Orocopia Mountains (Riverside County) and the other in the Marble Mountains and adjacent Bristol Mountains (San Bernardino County). The habitat is desert scrub on rocky hillsides and along arroyos, primarily in rock crevices or gravelly soils, at elevations from approximately 600 to 850 m. The new species belongs to Euphorbia subgen. Chamaesyce sect. Anisophyllum. It is distinguished by the combination of a shrubby habit and involucral appendages that are deeply parted into triangular to subulate segments. The exact affinities of the new species are not obvious, but it is compared with E. polycarpa and E. setiloba. With only four known occurrences, a fragmented distribution, and significant existing and potential threats to most of the populations, E. jaegeri is of high conservation concern.","PeriodicalId":80410,"journal":{"name":"Aliso","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70796105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Revision of Erythranthe montioides and Erythranthe palmeri (Phrymaceae), with Descriptions of Five New Species from California and Nevada, USA","authors":"N. Fraga","doi":"10.5642/ALISO.20123001.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5642/ALISO.20123001.06","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Erythranthe (Phrymaceae) continues to be a source of floristic novelty, especially in the American West, as evidenced by recent discoveries presented here. Two species in Erythranthe section Paradantha (E. montioides and E. palmeri) have long been a source of taxonomic confusion. Recent research reveals that a total of ten species have previously been treated as part of these two species. Here I present a revised taxonomy for E. montioides and E. palmeri including clarification of species circumscriptions (E. montioides, E. palmeri), recognition of three species that have previously been treated as synonyms (E. barbata, E. discolor, E. diffusa), and descriptions of five new species (E. calcicola, E. carsonensis, E. hardhamiae, E. rhodopetra, E. sierrae). Information on geographic distribution, habitat, phenology and pollination biology, conservation status, detailed taxonomic descriptions, and a key for their identification are provided.","PeriodicalId":80410,"journal":{"name":"Aliso","volume":"30 1","pages":"49-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70796335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naturalization of Sequoiadendron giganteum (Cupressaceae) in Montane Southern California","authors":"R. Schmid, M. Schmid","doi":"10.5642/ALISO.20123001.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5642/ALISO.20123001.04","url":null,"abstract":"After the August 1974 fire in the upper Hall Canyon area on the southwestern flank of Black Mountain in the northwestern San Jacinto Mountains, Riverside Co., California, the United States Forest Service revegetated the burn in the mixed-conifer forest with the Sierra Nevada endemic Sequoiadendron giganteum (Cupressaceae). On 1 May 2009 a GPS census starting at the head of Hall Canyon revealed both in the canyon and upslope beyond it at least 157 individuals in the vicinity of the Black Mountain Trail, plus an outlier 450 m distant near the summit. This species alien to southern California is regenerating prolifically on Black Mountain, as revealed by multiple age classes, from juveniles (seedlings and saplings) about 20– 60 cm tall to young adult trees over 6 m tall, up to about 40 years old, and reproductively mature. The naturalized population (,7 ha in 2009) also appears to be spreading from its initial ‘‘small area’’ of introduction (,2 ha in 1974). Analysis of published print and Internet literature suggests similar post-fire naturalizations of S. giganteum in the San Gabriel and San Bernardino Mountains of Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties. State and regional floras and checklists for California should acknowledge the naturalization of this species in montane southern California in the San Jacintos and possibly elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":80410,"journal":{"name":"Aliso","volume":"30 1","pages":"19-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70796315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wood Anatomy of Gnetales in a Functional, Ecological, and Evolutionary Context","authors":"S. Carlquist","doi":"10.5642/ALISO.20123001.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5642/ALISO.20123001.05","url":null,"abstract":"New scanning electron microscope (SEM) and light microscope data and illustrations are presented in order to compare hydraulic adaptations of non-gnetalean conifers and angiosperms to relevant wood features of Gnetales. Gnetales have essentially all of the adaptations of both groups, yet have not competed well, despite predating angiosperms in origin and radiation. Angiosperms may be advantaged more by life cycle abbreviation and by heterochronic possibilities than by wood features. Wood features of Gnetales that relate to conduction (torus-margo differentiation of tracheid pit membranes, distribution of tori within the wood, perforation plate simplification, growth rings, vesturing, helical thickenings, and axial parenchyma) are reviewed in the light of recent work that demonstrates the physiological significance of these features in angiosperms. The various xylary adaptations of Ephedra, Gnetum, and Welwitschia are analyzed in terms of conductive efficiency versus conductive safety, and in turn, compared to the habitats of the three genera, respectively: Ephedra and Welwitschia survive in rather extreme habitats, whereas Gnetum competes in mesic forest by what may be minor shifts among basically similar niches. Gnetales have essentially all of the wood anatomical advantages of angiosperms, except for ability to shift degrees of wood anatomical juvenilism or adulthood—an important angiosperm advantage. The relatively lengthy life cycle of Gnetales, requiring female gametophyte formation prior to embryo formation (vs. simultaneous endosperm and embryo development in angiosperms) and the related requirement for at least several years’ growth prior to seed formation are probably the prime reasons for lack of gnetalean success. Wood features should be interpreted as adapted to the present-day ecology of a woody species, and ideas that evolutionary flexibility to shift into more seasonal conditions is hindered by rigid wood formulas (which actually can change rather rapidly) should be questioned. Wood evolution of Gnetales, like that of angiosperms, can be regarded as a series of shifts in the trade-offs between conductive efficiency and conductive safety.","PeriodicalId":80410,"journal":{"name":"Aliso","volume":"30 1","pages":"33-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70796323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}