Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne最新文献

{"title":"Evolution of the Zoroastrian iconography and temple cults","authors":"Oric Basirov","doi":"10.2143/ANES.38.0.1095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ANES.38.0.1095","url":null,"abstract":"The Gathas of Zoroaster does not refer to any iconography or temples. Indeed, a doctrinal aversion to such rituals can be detected in his teachings. His seven abstract and amorphic Amesha Spentas, for example, are probably the first purely conceptual deities with a built-in deterrent to artistic representation. His prescribed places of daily rituals, moreover, are mountaintops and riverbanks, and not temples. Such devotional purity and simplicity is also confirmed by the lack of hardly any archaeological evidence to the contrary in the prophet's homeland in Eastern Iran. This is also the case in the pre-imperial period in Western Iran, where the centre of religion moved early in the first millennium BC. Assyrian annals and many classical writers also confirm that Medes and early Achaemenians did not have any cult statues and temples. The latter, however, soon after forming the first world empire, developed the many aspects of by now, familiar Zoroastrian iconography. This was inspired, no doubt, by the artistic repertoire of their western subjects, such as the Babylonians, Elamites, Greeks and Egyptians. Nor could the Achaemenians refrain, towards the end of their rule, from building temples, both to house their own sacred fire, and the alien-inspired divine images. These two distinct temple cults, established around 400 BC, appear to have spread throughout the Achaemenian, and later, the Parthian Empires. Their religious significance was not challenged until the iconoclastic Sasanians (224-637 AD) removed the divine images from their temples. However, the fire-temples and religious iconography have remained permanent features of the Zoroastrian devotional life since the Achaemenian times.","PeriodicalId":80328,"journal":{"name":"Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne","volume":"38 1","pages":"160-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ANES.38.0.1095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67814367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of water in Phoenician sanctuaries","authors":"E. M. C. Groenewoud","doi":"10.2143/ANES.38.0.1094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ANES.38.0.1094","url":null,"abstract":"Since many Phoenician sanctuaries are supplied with one or more natural and/or artificial systems for the provision of water, use of water seems to have played an essential role in their cults and rituals. Several sanctuaries were located near springs or other natural sources of water. And although some water installations may have served to refresh visitors, water did have a special ritual function and water installations in these sanctuaries served special ritual purposes. While not all water installations can definitely be linked with ritual practice, some may be considered as typical fixtures associated with religious worship of certain Phoenician deities.","PeriodicalId":80328,"journal":{"name":"Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne","volume":"38 1","pages":"139-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ANES.38.0.1094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67814258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Ashūrā' day and Yom Kippur","authors":"K. Sindawi","doi":"10.2143/ANES.38.0.1098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ANES.38.0.1098","url":null,"abstract":"'Ashūrā', characterized by fasting and mourning, commemorates Hysayn ibn Alī's murder. This paper discusses ' Ashūrā's origin, historical background, symbols and rituals, and shows similarities between ' Ashūrā' and the Jewish Yom Kippur. Scholars disagree about the origin of the word ' Ashūrā'. Some believe it derives from Hebrew; others claim that the word is of Arabic origin. Most agree that ' Ashūrā' was designated an annual fast to atone for sins, purify the faithful, and thank God. We discuss the miracles that occurred on ' Ashūrā', and blessings bestowed upon those who observe it, as well as differences and similarities, including dates, observances like affliction, confession, forgiveness, and connection to Judgement Day. The significance of Yom Kippur is its atonement for sins and asking forgiveness, like ' Ashūrā', which preserves Husayn's memory. Repentance, fasting, affliction, and purification through ritual bestow rewards. These evoke, despite great differences, characteristics of the Jewish Yom Kippur.","PeriodicalId":80328,"journal":{"name":"Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne","volume":"14 1","pages":"200-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ANES.38.0.1098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67814616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excavations at Medieval Kinet, Turkey","authors":"S. Redford, S. Ikram, Ellie Parr, T. Beach","doi":"10.2143/ANES.38.0.1093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ANES.38.0.1093","url":null,"abstract":"Excavations in medieval levels at Kinet, Turkey, are uncovering remains of a Crusader era Mediterranean port town that dates from the late 12th to the early 14th century. The settlement's livelihood derived from industry (iron and glazed ceramic production), agriculture, and animal husbandry as well as regional and international trade. Finds at the site indicate maritime trade around the Mediterranean as far as Italy, as well as overland trade with Syria. Medieval Kinet thrived despite being burned three times. It lay near the southern border of the Kingdom of Armenian Cilicia, astride the major trade, communication, and invasion route between Cilicia and Syria. The medieval site was orthogonally planned, possibly by the Knights Templar.","PeriodicalId":80328,"journal":{"name":"Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne","volume":"38 1","pages":"58-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ANES.38.0.1093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67813112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The position of the article dn in New Testament Syriac","authors":"Renaud J. Kuty","doi":"10.2143/ANES.38.0.1097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ANES.38.0.1097","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper investigates the placement of the Syriac particle den within the clause in the Peshitta version of the New Testament. The main line of the argumentation is that the placement of den within the clause (I) is essentially a clause-internal matter and (2) that it is dependent on the surface layer of the clause structure. The internal dynamics of the placement of den are understood in terms of one basic rule (den in the second slot of the clause) challenged by (I) various constraints on word-ordering patterns and (2) one phonological parameter.","PeriodicalId":80328,"journal":{"name":"Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ANES.38.0.1097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67814571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excavations at Sos Höyük, 1998-2000: Fifth Preliminary Report","authors":"A. Sagona, C. Sagona","doi":"10.2143/ANES.37.0.1082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ANES.37.0.1082","url":null,"abstract":"Seven seasons of archaeological investigations at Sos Höyük, an ancient mound site near Erzurum, north-eastern Turkey, have provided us with a reliable stratigraphic sequence of the human occupation for the mountainous region. Five broad cultural periods have been tentatively distinguished to date, ranging from the Late Chalcolithic (Period VA) to the Medieval (Period I). Discoveries during 1998-2000 have enabled a reassessment of the early settlement history at Sos Höyük and the site’s inter-relations with neighbouring regions, especially TransCaucasus. Among the highlights are a Late Chalcolithic (‘Proto-Kura-Araxean’) settlement distinguished by monumental stone wall, well-preserved Middle Bronze Age buildings, and a burnt Early Iron Age room with fine examples of carbonized basketry* ANES 37 (2000) 56-127 * We wish to thank the Turkish Ministry of Culture for granting us a permit to enable this project to continue, and to various individuals and organizations who have offered EXCAVATIONS AT SOS HÖYÜK, 1998-2000 57 The seventh season of archaeological work at Sos Höyük, Erzurum, was concluded in 2000. This paper outlines on the main results of the last three seasons of excavations that were carried during 1998-2000. The nature of investigations varied over this period. In 1998, two weeks of fieldwork, focusing on the investigation of specific site formation processes, was followed by four weeks of intensive artifact analysis, whereas in the next two seasons both aspects of work were carried out simultaneously. Our broad objective over the three year period was to refine the stratigraphic sequence in order to better understand the development of this complex multi-period site. The specific objectives were to: 1. Understand the constructional history of the large monumental stone wall established soon after the site was settled. 2. Investigate the earliest phases of occupation, currently dateable to the Late Chalcolithic period, initially through an exploratory trench (1998) and subsequently by means of wider horizontal exposures. assistance in many different ways: H. E. Umut Arık, Turkish Ambassador in Canberra; H. E. Ian Forsyth, Australian Ambassador in Ankara; Deniz Özmen, Turkish Consul General in Melbourne; the various offices of the Vali of Erzurum and the Kaymakan of Pasinler; our government representatives, Ilhan Kaymaz (1998-1999) and Rahmi Asal (2000), who ensured our work progressed smoothly; Mustafa Erkmen, Director of Erzurum Museum, and his staff; Cavit Tıg, Director of Erzurum Orman Müdürlügü; staff at the Sefer and Polat hotels, Erzurum; and our conscientious driver, Israfil Öner, who, thankfully, does not believe in ‘white knuckle’ drives. Finally, we are most grateful to our excavation teams and local employees who made it all possible, and to our daughter, Amadea, who at the age of eleven and with ten field seasons to her credit has probably experienced more archaeology than she cares for. Team members are from the University","PeriodicalId":80328,"journal":{"name":"Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne","volume":"37 1","pages":"56-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ANES.37.0.1082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67810503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Twin Calendrical System at Emar and its Implications for the Israelite Calendar","authors":"M. Adamthwaite","doi":"10.2143/ANES.37.0.1085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ANES.37.0.1085","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80328,"journal":{"name":"Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne","volume":"37 1","pages":"164-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ANES.37.0.1085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67811721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petrographic Analysis of Early Trnas-Caucasian Ceramics from the Bayburt Region, North Eastern Anatolia","authors":"S. Batiuk","doi":"10.2143/ANES.37.0.1084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ANES.37.0.1084","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80328,"journal":{"name":"Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne","volume":"37 1","pages":"153-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ANES.37.0.1084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67811539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SSTM, ŚSTM, ŚSTM or STM: A Technical Term for Shackling Demons","authors":"C. Müller-Kessler","doi":"10.2143/ANES.37.0.1088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ANES.37.0.1088","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80328,"journal":{"name":"Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne","volume":"37 1","pages":"224-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ANES.37.0.1088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67811778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining Phoenician Religious Space: Oumm el-'Amed Reconsidered","authors":"N. Vella","doi":"10.2143/ANES.37.0.1081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ANES.37.0.1081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80328,"journal":{"name":"Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne","volume":"37 1","pages":"27-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ANES.37.0.1081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67810936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}