Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science最新文献_第5页

Vascular access port (VAP) usage in large animal species. 血管通路端口(VAP)在大型动物物种中的使用。

Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science Pub Date : 2005-05-01

M Michael Swindle, Thomas Nolan, Andrew Jacobson, Pamela Wolf, Michael J Dalton, Alison C Smith

引用次数: 0

Decreased size and survival of weanling mice in litters of IL-5-/ -mice are a consequence of the IL-5 deficiency in nursing dams. IL-5-/ -小鼠幼崽中断奶小鼠的体积和存活率下降是哺乳坝中IL-5缺乏的结果。

Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science Pub Date : 2005-05-01

Dana C Colbert, Michael P McGarry, Katie O'neill, Nancy A Lee, James J Lee

{"title":"Decreased size and survival of weanling mice in litters of IL-5-/ -mice are a consequence of the IL-5 deficiency in nursing dams.","authors":"Dana C Colbert, Michael P McGarry, Katie O'neill, Nancy A Lee, James J Lee","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"We have observed decreased size and increased mortality rates in interleukin 5 (IL-5)-deficient mice versus IL-5-heterozygous and wild-type mice and have sought to define these differences. IL-5-deficient mice nursed by IL-5 deficient mothers were notably underweight, with a high percentage of preweaning mortality. In contrast, IL-5-deficient mice nursed by IL-5-sufficient foster mothers from birth were well-developed and robust at weaning, with a relatively low percentage of preweaning mortality. Mammary tissues from IL-5-deficient females at various landmark stages throughout life were prepared for microscopic assessment. When compared with mammary tissue from normal mice, that from IL-5-deficient dams appeared to have fewer terminal end buds, less well-developed branching of the mammary ducts, and lower overall density of mammary gland structures. The molecular and cellular bases for the differences in mammary gland development in IL-5-deficient mice relative to wild-type animals remains unknown. Under consideration are the roles that IL-5 and eosinophil granulocytes (the primary cell responsive to IL-5) may have in mammary gland development.","PeriodicalId":80269,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science","volume":" ","pages":"53-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40946042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vitamin E as a treatment for ulcerative dermatitis in C57BL/6 mice and strains with a C57BL/6 background. 维生素E对C57BL/6小鼠及C57BL/6背景菌株溃疡性皮炎的治疗作用

Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science Pub Date : 2005-05-01

Gregory W Lawson, Akiko Sato, Lynn A Fairbanks, P Timothy Lawson

{"title":"Vitamin E as a treatment for ulcerative dermatitis in C57BL/6 mice and strains with a C57BL/6 background.","authors":"Gregory W Lawson, Akiko Sato, Lynn A Fairbanks, P Timothy Lawson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we fed a standard NIH-31 diet fortified with vitamin E to C57BL/6 mice and strains of mice with a C57BL/6 background that had spontaneously developed ulcerative dermatitis (UD). In addition to the therapeutic response to increased levels of vitamin E, we also defined the occurrence of UD within our facility in terms of age, sex, coat color, and lesion location on the body. Mice with spontaneous UD were fed a vitamin E-fortified diet (3000 IU/kg) for a period of 8 weeks and entered the study without regard to vendor source, age, sex, coat color, or the site or number of UD lesions. We found that lesions occurred most commonly on the dorsal cervical and scapular regions and spared the ventral abdomen and thorax. No sex or coat color predilection was noted for the development of UD, however males were older than females at the time of lesion development. Of 71 mice, 32 (45%) had complete lesion re-epithelialization with hair regrowth. Complete lesion repair was not influenced by sex, age, or coat color. The average time to complete lesion repair ranged from 2 to 5 weeks, and there was no correlation with sex or coat color. The positive response to vitamin E suggests that protection from oxidative injury may play a role in the resolution of UD lesions and offers veterinarians and investigators a new treatment option with ease of compliance.","PeriodicalId":80269,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science","volume":" ","pages":"18-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40947280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of cage design on airborne allergens and endotoxin in animal rooms: high-volume measurements with an ion-charging device. 笼子设计对动物室内空气中过敏原和内毒素的影响:用离子充电装置进行大容量测量。

Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science Pub Date : 2005-03-01

James Platts-Mills, Natalie Custis, Alice Kenney, Amy Tsay, Martin Chapman, Sanford Feldman, Thomas Platts-Mills

{"title":"The effects of cage design on airborne allergens and endotoxin in animal rooms: high-volume measurements with an ion-charging device.","authors":"James Platts-Mills, Natalie Custis, Alice Kenney, Amy Tsay, Martin Chapman, Sanford Feldman, Thomas Platts-Mills","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Respiratory symptoms related to both endotoxins and animal allergens continue to be an important cause of occupational disease for animal technicians and scientists working with rodents. Better sampling methods for airborne allergens and endotoxin are needed to help standardize compliance with federal occupational health regulations. Using an ion-charging device, we sampled 20 mouse rooms and four rat rooms at the University of Virginia, along with 43 domestic living rooms in houses in the Charlottesville area with at least one cat or dog. The use of filter tops on cages corresponds to a 50-fold reduction in mean levels of both airborne allergens (P < 0.001) and endotoxin (P < 0.001). The use of vented cages with filtered exhaust ports was associated with additional reductions. However, the mean airborne endotoxin level in all rooms using filter tops without a filtered exhaust port on the cages was significantly lower (P = 0.003) than the level in domestic living rooms. Our results for maximum airborne allergens or endotoxin are comparable with previous reports. However, the sensitivity of the technique allows an accurate assessment of low-level exposure, which makes it possible to evaluate the effect of cage designs. In addition, this approach allows direct comparison with results for airborne allergen and endotoxin in domestic homes. The results could allow a more consistent approach to the application of occupational health guidelines.","PeriodicalId":80269,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science","volume":"44 2","pages":"12-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25011210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A novel method for endotracheal intubation of mice and rats used in imaging studies. 一种用于影像研究的小鼠和大鼠气管插管的新方法。

Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science Pub Date : 2005-03-01

Belinda Rivera, Shonna Miller, Ellana Brown, Roger Price

{"title":"A novel method for endotracheal intubation of mice and rats used in imaging studies.","authors":"Belinda Rivera, Shonna Miller, Ellana Brown, Roger Price","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"A safe and efficient method for endotracheal intubation was needed to mechanically ventilate mice and rats for various research projects. We developed an easy, reliable, and expeditious method for intubating these rodents. Inexpensive disposable Teflon intravenous catheters are used as endotracheal tubes. Both mice and rats are anesthetized using a combination of injectable and inhalational anesthetics before intubation. A relatively inexpensive custom-designed fiber-optic light guide and battery-powered light source allows visualization of the oropharynx for quick and easy intubation. The fiber-optic light guide has two functions: 1) the light guide transports light from the illuminator to the tip of the fiber for direct visualization of the larynx, and 2) the fiber is used as a stylet to stiffen the Teflon catheter. Direct illumination of the larynx allows its clear visualization and makes the procedure easier and more efficient and, as a result, less traumatic to the animals. This method has been easy to learn, and it allows repeated intubations, even in debilitated or dyspneic animals, for respiratory-gated, noninvasive imaging procedures. With it, we can acquire higher-quality images with fewer motion artifacts than we could before.","PeriodicalId":80269,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science","volume":"44 2","pages":"52-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25179673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Selective adaptation of male rats to repeated social encounters and experimental manipulations. 雄性大鼠对重复社会接触和实验操作的选择性适应。

Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science Pub Date : 2005-03-01

Jody Sharp, Toni Azar, David Lawson

{"title":"Selective adaptation of male rats to repeated social encounters and experimental manipulations.","authors":"Jody Sharp, Toni Azar, David Lawson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present study was to determine how rats adapt to repeated encounters with an unfamiliar male or group of males and to experimental manipulations. Male rats were instrumented with radiotelemetry transmitters to monitor heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and movements in the home cage as indices of arousal and stress. Groups of eight singly housed rats were exposed in their home cages to encounters with an unfamiliar rat or a group of three rats of the same strain, age, and sex for a period of 18 h (1600 to 1000 h) on four consecutive days. On separate occasions, the instrumented rats were given a subcutaneous injection of sterile saline in the animal room or were transported from the animal room to the laboratory and then injected at 1000 h on four consecutive days. Exposure to an unfamiliar rat or a group of 3 rats induced significant (P < 0.05) increases in HR, MAP, and movement in the first 30 min of exposure, and these responses partially but significantly (P < 0.05) adapted by the second or third day. Nocturnal movement in the home cage also was significantly (P < 0.05) increased on the first night and partially reduced on subsequent nights, but nocturnal HR responses were absent or significantly blunted. Nocturnal MAP was not increased. Subcutaneous injection in the animal room or after transport to the laboratory produced significant (P < 0.05) increases in HR, MAP, and movement in the cage 30 min after the injection, and these responses did not adapt over the four days of the experiment. We concluded that male Sprague-Dawley rats adapted quickly, albeit partially, to social encounters but did not adapt to repeated injections, suggesting selective adaptation depending on the type of stimulus used.","PeriodicalId":80269,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science","volume":"44 2","pages":"28-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25179668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Planning for dark cycle interruptions. 为暗周期中断做好准备。

Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science Pub Date : 2005-03-01

Clifford R Roberts

引用次数: 0

Effects of a cage enrichment program on heart rate, blood pressure, and activity of male sprague-dawley and spontaneously hypertensive rats monitored by radiotelemetry. 用无线电遥测法监测笼内浓缩方案对雄性sprague-dawley和自发性高血压大鼠心率、血压和活动的影响。

Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science Pub Date : 2005-03-01

Jody Sharp, Toni Azar, David Lawson

{"title":"Effects of a cage enrichment program on heart rate, blood pressure, and activity of male sprague-dawley and spontaneously hypertensive rats monitored by radiotelemetry.","authors":"Jody Sharp, Toni Azar, David Lawson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"To determine whether a nonsocial enrichment program affects cardiovascular responses of individually housed male Sprague-Dawley (SD) and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats under basal conditions and after potentially stressful procedures, we used radiotelemetry to record heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and activity in the cage. Enrichment comprised a simulated burrow (Rodent Retreat), then a food foraging item (\"rat cannoli\") 2 days later, and a paper bag of bedding for shredding (Nestpak) after another 2 days. Data were collected under undisturbed conditions and before and after several acute and chronic manipulations mimicking common husbandry, experimental, and stressful procedures. Enrichment often, but not always, reduced HR and SBP in male rats, suggesting decreased arousal and stress, and the effects depended on the parameter measured, strain of rat, and nature of the procedure to which animals were exposed. In general, HR varied more than SBP; enrichment affected SH rats more than SD rats; effects of enrichment were more consistently observed under undisturbed conditions than after manipulations of the rats; moderate responses to acute husbandry and experimental procedures were affected more than the larger changes produced by very stressful procedures; and responses to social interactions were unaffected by the enrichment program. What accounts for these variable effects of enrichment is unclear, and more studies are required to resolve the mechanisms. Whether this enrichment program should be used in an animal facility depends on several factors, particularly the professional judgment of the research, veterinary, and animal care staffs involved.","PeriodicalId":80269,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science","volume":"44 2","pages":"32-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25179669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microbiological evaluation of a newly constructed animal facility. 新建动物设施微生物学评价。

Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science Pub Date : 2005-03-01

Chandra Williams, Gary Greenstein, Arthur Kopec, Maureen Hargaden

引用次数: 0

Use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials in the eradication of unknown aquatic pathogens in a zebrafish larval rearing system. 在斑马鱼幼虫饲养系统中使用广谱抗菌剂根除未知水生病原体。

Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science Pub Date : 2005-03-01

Robert Russo, Dirck Dillehay

{"title":"Use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials in the eradication of unknown aquatic pathogens in a zebrafish larval rearing system.","authors":"Robert Russo, Dirck Dillehay","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"A zebrafish larval rearing system experienced a surge in mortality rates soon after the introduction of new stocks. A comprehensive water analysis of pH, nitrites, nitrates, ammonia, chlorine, carbonate hardness, general hardness, and conductivity identified no anomalies. Observations via light microscopy of affected fry revealed consistent signs of impaired mobility, blood clotting, and eventual heart hemorrhage resulting in the death of 90 to 100% of the fry by the age of 2 weeks. Collection of sufficient tissue samples for a histological investigation proved problematic due to the fry's diminutive size. Because a causal agent could not be isolated satisfactorily, the use of a broad-spectrum antibiotic was deemed necessary. After considering many broad-spectrum antibiotics for treatment, we implemented a two-tiered approach for treatment. The rearing system was treated with a nitrofurazone derivative, whereas the adult populations were treated using multi-antibiotic food pellets. The rearing system was treated for 3 weeks, and the adult population was treated for 2 weeks. After the completion of the antibiotic treatments, the biological filters of all of the medicated systems were seeded with nitrifying bacterial cultures. Upon the maturation of the rearing systems' biological filters, mortality rates returned to pre-outbreak levels. There have been no re-occurrences of the fish mortality since the completion of treatment. This epidemic provided some valuable lessons, lessons that if followed, will ensure faster response to unknown pathogens in the future.","PeriodicalId":80269,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science","volume":"44 2","pages":"49-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25179672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0