Annals of the American Thoracic Society最新文献

{"title":"Maternal Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and the Risk of Childhood Asthma.","authors":"Anna Chen Arroyo, Lacey B Robinson, Kaitlyn James, Sijia Li, Mohammad Kamal Faridi, Sarah Hsu, Orianne Dumas, Anne Y Liu, Maurice Druzin, Camille E Powe, Carlos A Camargo","doi":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202212-994RL","DOIUrl":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202212-994RL","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8018,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","volume":"20 9","pages":"1367-1370"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10502887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10269857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply: Higher, but Not Too High, Dose Is Only One Determinant of Corticosteroid Treatment Success in Severe COVID-19.","authors":"Tyler Pitre, Dena Zeraatkar","doi":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202305-436LE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.202305-436LE","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8018,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","volume":"20 9","pages":"1372"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/44/ea/AnnalsATS.202305-436LE.PMC10502889.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10319889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy and Reproducibility of Automated Measurement of Body Composition: A Lung Transplant Body Composition Cohort Study.","authors":"Michaela R Anderson, Joshua Diamond, Michael Shashaty, Jonathan P Singer, Yubing Tong, Jayaram Udupa, Drew A Torigian, Scott Palmer, David J Lederer, Jason D Christie, Nadine Al-Naamani","doi":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202301-061RL","DOIUrl":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202301-061RL","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8018,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","volume":"20 9","pages":"1363-1366"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10502884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10633109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound Elastography as a Promising New Approach to Optimize Diagnostic Yield of Pleural Biopsy.","authors":"Victor Duong, Sanjeevan Muruganandan","doi":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202305-477ED","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.202305-477ED","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasound Elastography as a Promising New Approach to Optimize Diagnostic Yield of Pleural Biopsy Victor Duong, M.B. B.S., B.Biomed.Sc., F.R.A.C.P. and Sanjeevan Muruganandan, M.B. B.S., Ph.D., F.R.A.C.P. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Northern Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia","PeriodicalId":8018,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","volume":"20 9","pages":"1233-1234"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9e/cc/AnnalsATS.202305-477ED.PMC10502886.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10267107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Falling through the Cracks-The Impact of Care Gaps on Lung Function Loss in Cystic Fibrosis.","authors":"Allison J Love, Bradley S Quon","doi":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202305-459ED","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.202305-459ED","url":null,"abstract":"The cystic fi brosis (CF) care model, built on a foundation of quarterly clinic visits and comprehensive team-based care, has been credited for the remarkable advances in CF outcomes and longevity over the past several decades. Aggressive and timely monitoring of lung function to diagnose pulmonary exacerbations, sputum microbiology to detect the growth of new pathogens, weight to ensure adequate nutritional status, and adherence to therapies critical to maintaining health have formed the pillars of CF care since the fi","PeriodicalId":8018,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","volume":"20 9","pages":"1235-1236"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6c/e7/AnnalsATS.202305-459ED.PMC10502880.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10267108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drive versus Pressure Contributions to Genioglossus Activity in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.","authors":"Laura K Gell, Daniel Vena, Kevin Grace, Ali Azarbarzin, Ludovico Messineo, Lauren B Hess, Nicole Calianese, Gonzalo Labarca, Luigi Taranto-Montemurro, David P White, Andrew Wellman, Scott A Sands","doi":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202301-083OC","DOIUrl":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202301-083OC","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Rationale:</b> Loss of pharyngeal dilator muscle activity is a key determinant of respiratory events in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). After the withdrawal of wakefulness stimuli to the genioglossus at sleep onset, mechanoreceptor negative pressure and chemoreceptor ventilatory drive feedback govern genioglossus activation during sleep, but the relative contributions of drive and pressure stimuli to genioglossus activity across progressive obstructive events remain unclear. We recently showed that drive typically falls during events, whereas negative pressures increase, providing a means to assess their individual contributions to the time course of genioglossus activity. <b>Objectives:</b> For the first time, we critically test whether the loss of drive could explain the loss of genioglossus activity observed within events in OSA. <b>Methods:</b> We examined the time course of genioglossus activity (EMGgg; intramuscular electromyography), ventilatory drive (intraesophageal diaphragm electromyography), and esophageal pressure during spontaneous respiratory events (using the ensemble-average method) in 42 patients with OSA (apnea-hypopnea index 5-91 events/h). <b>Results:</b> Multivariable regression demonstrated that the falling-then-rising time course of EMGgg may be well explained by falling-then-rising drive and rising negative pressure stimuli (model <i>R</i> = 0.91 [0.88-0.98] [95% confidence interval]). Overall, EMGgg was 2.9-fold (0.47-∞) more closely associated with drive than pressure stimuli (ratio of standardized coefficients, β_drive:β_pressure; ∞ denotes absent pressure contribution). However, individual patient results were heterogeneous: approximately one-half (<i>n</i> = 22 of 42) exhibited drive-dominant responses (i.e., β_drive:β_pressure > 2:1), and one-quarter (<i>n</i> = 11 of 42) exhibited pressure-dominant EMGgg responses (i.e., β_drive:β_pressure < 1:2). Patients exhibiting more drive-dominant EMGgg responses experienced greater event-related EMGgg declines (12.9 [4.8-21.0] %_baseline/standard deviation of β_drive:β_pressure; <i>P</i> = 0.004, adjusted analysis). <b>Conclusions:</b> Loss of genioglossus activity precipitating events in patients with OSA is strongly associated with a contemporaneous loss of drive and is greatest in those whose activity tracks drive rather than pressure stimuli. These findings were upheld for events without prior arousal. Responding to falling drive rather than rising negative pressure during events may be deleterious; future therapeutic strategies whose aim is to sustain genioglossus activity by preferentially enhancing responses to rising pressure rather than falling drive are of interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":8018,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","volume":"20 9","pages":"1326-1336"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10502881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10616501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Test Cutoffs to Optimize Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in People Born Outside the United States.","authors":"Sofia Zavala, Kathryn Winglee, Christine S Ho, April C Pettit, Amina Ahmed, Dolly J Katz, Robert W Belknap, Jason E Stout","doi":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202212-1005OC","DOIUrl":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202212-1005OC","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Rationale:</b> Detection of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in persons born in high tuberculosis (TB) incidence countries living in low TB incidence countries is key to TB elimination in low-incidence countries. Optimizing LTBI tests is critical to targeting treatment. <b>Objectives:</b> To compare the sensitivity and specificity of tuberculin skin test (TST) and two interferon-γ release assays at different cutoffs and of a single test versus dual testing. <b>Methods:</b> We examined a subset (<i>N</i> = 14,167) of a prospective cohort of people in the United States tested for LTBI. We included non-U.S.-born, human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative people ages 5 years and older with valid TST, QuantiFERON-TB Gold-in-Tube (QFT), and T-SPOT.<i>TB</i> (TSPOT) results. The sensitivity/specificity of different test cutoffs and test combinations, obtained from a Bayesian latent class model, were used to construct receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and assess the area under the curve (AUC) for each test. The sensitivity/specificity of dual testing was calculated. <b>Results:</b> The AUC of the TST ROC curve was 0.81 (95% credible interval (CrI), 0.78-0.86), with sensitivity/specificity at cutoffs of 5, 10, and 15 mm of 86.5%/61.6%, 81.7%/71.3%, and 55.6%/88.0%, respectively. The AUC of the QFT ROC curve was 0.89 (95% CrI, 0.86-0.93), with sensitivity/specificity at cutoffs of 0.35, 0.7, and 1.0 IU/mL of 77.7%/98.3%, 66.9%/99.1%, and 61.5%/99.4%. The AUC of the TSPOT ROC curve was 0.92 (95% CrI, 0.88-0.96) with sensitivity/specificity for five, six, seven, and eight spots of 79.2%/96.7%, 76.8%/97.7%, 74.0%/98.6%, and 71.8%/99.5%. Sensitivity/specificity of TST-QFT, TST-TSPOT, and QFT-TSPOT at standard cutoffs were 73.1%/99.4%, 64.8%/99.8%, and 65.3%/100%. <b>Conclusion:</b> Interferon-γ release assays have a better predictive ability than TST in people at high risk of LTBI.</p>","PeriodicalId":8018,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","volume":"20 9","pages":"1258-1266"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10938364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10180277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External Fixation of Upper Tracheal Stents in Complex Stenosis: Revising the \"Hitch Stitch\".","authors":"Bertin D Salguero,&nbsp;Kimberly J Song,&nbsp;Abhinav Agrawal,&nbsp;Udit Chaddha","doi":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202302-127CC","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.202302-127CC","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8018,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","volume":"20 9","pages":"1353-1356"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10146277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobials in Sepsis: Time to Pay Attention to <i>When</i> Delays Happen.","authors":"Patrick G Lyons,&nbsp;Catherine L Hough","doi":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202306-519ED","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.202306-519ED","url":null,"abstract":"et al. Association between the MUC5B promoter polymorphism and survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. JAMA 2013;309: 2232–2239. 15 Yang IV, Fingerlin TE, Evans CM, Schwarz MI, Schwartz DA. MUC5B and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2015;12: S193–S199. 16 Adegunsoye A, Freiheit E, White EN, Kaul B, Newton CA, Oldham JM, et al. Evaluation of pulmonary fibrosis outcomes by race and ethnicity in US adults. JAMA Netw Open 2023;6: e232427.","PeriodicalId":8018,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","volume":"20 9","pages":"1239-1241"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7e/1a/AnnalsATS.202306-519ED.PMC10502879.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10267105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Burden and Prognostic Value of Cough in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.","authors":"Janet Johnston,&nbsp;Pilar Rivera-Ortega","doi":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202305-483ED","DOIUrl":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202305-483ED","url":null,"abstract":"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease that mainly affects older adults and males (1). Approximately 6,000 new cases of IPF are diagnosed per year in the United Kingdom, and over 32,000 patients are currently living with the disease (1). Improving symptoms and quality of life (QoL) for patients with IPF remains a challenge, with antifibrotic medications such as pirfenidone and nintedanib currently used to slow disease progression. A U.K. IPF registry found that 66% of patients reported symptoms of exertional breathlessness and/or cough for &gt;12months at diagnosis (1). Ryerson and colleagues conducted a study of 242 patients with IPF and found that 84% of them had cough. They also identified cough as an independent predictor of disease progression (2). Similarly, the Australian IPF Registry showed an association between cough andmortality after adjusting for baseline demographics, including age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, and percent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC) (3). In this issue of AnnalsATS, Saunders and colleagues (pp. 1267–1273) present one of the first prospective, longitudinal cohorts (PROFILE [Prospective Study of Fibrosis in the Lung Endpoints] study) characterizing cough burden and its impact on QoL in patients with IPF. The study recruited 632 patients and assessed them at multiple time points over 3 years (4). The results showed a weak association between cough burden and pulmonary function test results. In contrast to previous large studies, cough was not a significant predictor of disease progression or survival in patients with IPF. This study by Saunders and colleagues differs from the one by Ryerson and coworkers in terms of cough assessment, using the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) as a measure of cough-related QoL instead of cough as a dichotomous variable. Moreover, progression data were available for only two-thirds of the cohort in the study by Ryerson and coworkers, and data were assessed at 6months, whereas Saunders and colleagues assessed progression at 12months. A small study of 19 patients with IPF highlighted a strong correlation between objective coughmeasurements and subjective cough scoring (visual analog scale [VAS] and LCQ), suggesting through these tools that the cough perception of patients with IPF can be accurate (5). The study by Saunders and colleagues, therefore, bridges a gap in knowledge, given its large, multicenter longitudinal cohort design and the comprehensive assessment of cough using the LCQ. The study by Saunders and colleagues has limitations, including lack of full examination of the potential impact of comorbidities on cough-related QoL, particularly in relation to gastroesophageal reflux (GER), a comorbidity with a complex relationship with IPF characterized by a “chicken or egg” dilemma, further complicated by confounding factors such as smoking (6). Recent research by Reynolds and colleagues on this complex relationship,","PeriodicalId":8018,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","volume":"20 9","pages":"1237-1239"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/23/b0/AnnalsATS.202305-483ED.PMC10502888.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10267106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}