Journal of epidemiology and biostatistics最新文献_第5页

Projecting cancer incidence and mortality using Bayesian age-period-cohort models. 使用贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列模型预测癌症发病率和死亡率。

Journal of epidemiology and biostatistics Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/135952201317080698

Bashir Sa, J. Estève

引用次数: 60

Arterial hypertension as a risk factor for chronic symmetric polyneuropathy. 动脉高血压是慢性对称性多神经病变的危险因素。

Journal of epidemiology and biostatistics Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/135952201753337158

M. Zarrelli, L. Amoruso, E. Beghi, F. Apollo, P. Di Viesti, P. Simone

{"title":"Arterial hypertension as a risk factor for chronic symmetric polyneuropathy.","authors":"M. Zarrelli, L. Amoruso, E. Beghi, F. Apollo, P. Di Viesti, P. Simone","doi":"10.1080/135952201753337158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/135952201753337158","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE To assess whether arterial hypertension (AH) is an independent risk factor for chronic symmetric polyneuropathy (CSP) in the elderly. BACKGROUND A strong relationship has been detected between AH and distal symmetric polyneuropathy in insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. However, the correlation between AH and polyneuropathy caused by other clinical conditions has not yet been studied. METHODS Four thousand one hundred and ninety-one subjects aged > or = 55 years seen in office consultations by 25 general practitioners (GPs) from two separate areas in Italy were interviewed, using a pretested semistructured questionnaire covering conditions commonly associated with neuropathy and symptoms of peripheral nerve disease. A neurologist later visited individuals with > or = 2 symptoms of polyneuropathy and a diagnosis of CSP was made in the presence of bilateral, fairly symmetric impairment of at least two among strength, sensation and tendon reflexes. AH was ascertained when known to the GP and/or if the patient was being treated with antihypertensive drugs. RESULTS One hundred and fifty one subjects had CSP (3.6%). Diabetes was the commonest associated condition (18%). AH was present in 47 patients with CSP (31%). The odds ratio (OR) of AH in patients with CSP was 4.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.1-6.6]. The OR of AH was 3.2 (95% CI 1.5-6.9) in patients with diabetes, and 5.7 (95% CI 3.6-9.3) in those without diabetes. The OR of AH was 4.8 (95% CI 4.4-5.2) after adjusting for the commonest risk factors for CSP. CONCLUSION AH may be an independent risk factor for CSP in the elderly.","PeriodicalId":80024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and biostatistics","volume":"6 5 1","pages":"409-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59837135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Historical HIV prevalence in Edinburgh Prison: a database-linkage study. 爱丁堡监狱历史HIV流行:一项数据库链接研究。

Journal of epidemiology and biostatistics Pub Date : 2000-01-01

S R Seaman, S M Bird, R P Brettle

{"title":"Historical HIV prevalence in Edinburgh Prison: a database-linkage study.","authors":"S R Seaman, S M Bird, R P Brettle","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The prevalence of HIV in prisons is often higher than in the surrounding community, because prisons contain a high proportion of injecting drug users (IDUs). Reliable estimation of HIV prevalence in UK prisons only began in the 1990s. Edinburgh, Scotland, experienced a major IDU-related HIV epidemic which began in 1983. We sought retrospectively to estimate HIV prevalence in Edinburgh Prison over the period 1983-94.Methods: Prison records of all 477 male HIV-positive patients (332 IDUs) in the Edinburgh City Hospital Cohort (believed to include three-quarters of HIV-positive Edinburgh IDUs) were abstracted from Edinburgh Prison. Using this information and the seroconversion intervals of the patients, the number of person-years spent inside the prison by these individuals while HIV-positive was estimated for each calendar month. From this, HIV prevalence was inferred.Results: HIV prevalence in the prison rose from January 1983, as prevalence among Edinburgh IDUs increased, reaching a peak of 8% in December 1984. Prevalence during 1985-86 was 5-6% and then gradually declined, as the surviving HIV-infected IDUs spent less time in the prison.Discussion: These figures are probably underestimates, as some HIV-positive prisoners are not in the cohort. However, the degree of underestimation should not be great and trends over time are reliable. Our estimate for August 1991, 4.1%, compares favourably with the estimate 4.5%, from an anonymous unlinked survey conducted in the prison that month. Prevalence estimates from other UK prisons are reviewed and suggestions made for other uses of database linkage in HIV and IDU epidemiology.","PeriodicalId":80024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and biostatistics","volume":"5 4","pages":"245-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21882087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fifty years of research on tobacco. 烟草研究五十年。

Journal of epidemiology and biostatistics Pub Date : 2000-01-01

R Doll

引用次数: 0

Ethics in epidemiology: common misconceptions, paradoxes and unresolved questions. 流行病学中的伦理学:常见的误解、悖论和未解决的问题。

Journal of epidemiology and biostatistics Pub Date : 2000-01-01

S S Coughlin

引用次数: 0

Estimating birth prevalence of Down's syndrome. 估计唐氏综合症的出生患病率。

Journal of epidemiology and biostatistics Pub Date : 2000-01-01

D E Wright, I Bray

{"title":"Estimating birth prevalence of Down's syndrome.","authors":"D E Wright, I Bray","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Estimates of maternal age-specific prevalence of Down's syndrome are needed for the assessment of environmental factors, for counselling and monitoring screening programmes. The estimates should relate to populations of women who have not received prenatal screening. This is normally achieved by using data collected before the widespread use of screening. The problem of under-ascertainment in some data-sets has been recognised in the literature, but has not been dealt with satisfactorily in the statistical models used to estimate live-birth prevalence.Methods: In this paper we develop a model that takes explicit account of under-ascertainment and apply this model to data from nine published studies. The primary aim of our analysis is to provide an improved model for live-birth prevalence. A secondary aim is to examine the ascertainment rates in the nine studies.Results: The proposed model provides a good fit to all but one of the nine studies, although exclusion of this study does not affect the estimated risks. The estimate of risk weighted across the maternal age distribution is 1.41 in 1000 live-births [90% confidence interval (CI) 1.37-1.49].Discussion: Comparing this figure with those obtained from published rate schedules suggests that the proposed model predicts rates that are some 10% higher than those obtained when ascertainment is assumed to be complete in all studies. The predicted rates are similar to those calculated when only those studies known to have high levels of acertainment are included.","PeriodicalId":80024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and biostatistics","volume":"5 2","pages":"89-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21732221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cancer registration in Germany: current status, perspectives and trends in cancer incidence 1973-93. 德国的癌症登记:1973- 1993年癌症发病率的现状、前景和趋势。

Journal of epidemiology and biostatistics Pub Date : 2000-01-01

J Schüz, D Schön, W Batzler, C Baumgardt-Elms, B Eisinger, M Lehnert, C Stegmaier

{"title":"Cancer registration in Germany: current status, perspectives and trends in cancer incidence 1973-93.","authors":"J Schüz, D Schön, W Batzler, C Baumgardt-Elms, B Eisinger, M Lehnert, C Stegmaier","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A federal law effective in 1995 makes it mandatory for all German States to build up population-based cancer registries. Although the law provides a model of cancer registration, each State may modify this by State-specific regulations, as long as they ensure data exchange between the registries and between registries and scientific institutions. The 'Network of German Population-Based Cancer Registries' constitutes the basis for cooperation among the German cancer registries. In order to improve the cooperation between physicians and epidemiologists, and to demonstrate the benefits of cancer registration, the network published a booklet containing facts on time-trends in cancer incidence during the last two decades.Methods: Information on cancer incidence and mortality was derived from the population-based cancer registries of Saarland, the former German Democratic Republic (until 1989), the City of Hamburg and the region of Münster. Altogether these registries cover a population of about 23 million. Sixteen types of cancer were selected for the analyses.Results: Major increases in cancer incidence were observed for female lung cancer, testicular cancer, cancer of the oral cavity, malignant melanoma of the skin and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Incidence rates also increased for cancer of the female breast, prostate cancer and colorectal cancer. A decrease was observed for stomach and cervical cancer.Discussion: In 1998, only a small fraction of all German adults were monitored by a population-based cancer registry, making it impossible to work out accurate incidence rates for the whole of Germany. Several new cancer registries have been built up recently. Data summaries of existing German population-based cancer registries assist in enhancing the completeness of new cancer registries.","PeriodicalId":80024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and biostatistics","volume":"5 2","pages":"99-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21732222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Over the counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. 非甾体抗炎药的非处方和胃肠道出血的风险。

Journal of epidemiology and biostatistics Pub Date : 2000-01-01

W J Blot, J K McLaughlin

{"title":"Over the counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.","authors":"W J Blot, J K McLaughlin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Independent analyses of data from a case-control study conducted by the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) were performed to evaluate and quantify potential risks of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding associated with use of analgesics at over the counter (OTC) doses.Methods: Information on recent (within the past week) use of multiple analgesics, plus data on tobacco, alcohol and other factors, were obtained from 627 patients enrolled in the ACG GI bleeding registry and from 590 procedure-matched controls. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated as the measure of association between GI bleeding and the exposures of interest.Results: Risk of GI bleeding was increased 2-3 fold among recent users of aspirin, ibuprofen and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) at OTC doses, with risk increasing in a dose-related manner. In contrast, no excess was found among acetaminophen (paracetamol) users. Alcohol consumption was also a risk factor, with doubled risks of GI bleeding among drinkers.Discussion: While these study results are not definitive, the findings are consistent with limited other data also reviewed, and suggest the need for further epidemiologic research to clarify the association between use of NSAIDs at OTC levels and risk of GI bleeding, and to determine whether NSAIDs and alcohol may interactively combine to enhance risk.","PeriodicalId":80024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and biostatistics","volume":"5 2","pages":"137-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21732227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A 'sufficient cause' model for dental caries. 龋齿的“充分原因”模型。

Journal of epidemiology and biostatistics Pub Date : 2000-01-01

B Bokhout, F X Hofman, J van Limbeek, B Prahl-Andersen

{"title":"A 'sufficient cause' model for dental caries.","authors":"B Bokhout, F X Hofman, J van Limbeek, B Prahl-Andersen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: It is generally believed that dental caries is an infectious disease. The occurrence of dental caries is affected by a variety of determinants. In order to estimate the precise extent of the relation between specific determinants and the outcome phenomenon (i.e. the occurrence of dental caries), a coherent disease model is required. This model should also permit multivariate analysis to control for confounders and interactions. Only with such a disease model will it be possible to investigate the relation between the occurrence of a determinant and dental caries, and to estimate the extent of this relation. The known causal models for the explanation of dental caries do not fully meet these requirements.Method: Rothman's 'sufficient cause' model has been used as a starting point for the development of a new coherent disease model, to explain the occurrence of dental caries and allow multivariate analysis.Results: The sufficient cause for dental caries comprises three component causes: sufficient microorganisms with cariogenic potential, easily fermentable carbohydrates and teeth. Whether dental caries actually occurs also depends on the influence of independent risk factors that interact with the component causes in a protective, as well as in a risk-increasing manner. These independent risk factors are saliva, fluoride, oral hygiene and diet.Conclusions: The 'sufficient cause' model for dental caries is a biological model in which distinction between protective and risk-increasing factors has been made, and interaction between factors has been described. With this model, it will now be possible to assess the extent of the relationship between a determinant and dental caries (the outcome phenomenon) using multivariate techniques.","PeriodicalId":80024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of epidemiology and biostatistics","volume":"5 3","pages":"203-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21878659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

One model, several results: the paradox of the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test for the logistic regression model. 一个模型，几个结果:逻辑回归模型的Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验的悖论。

Journal of epidemiology and biostatistics Pub Date : 2000-01-01

G Bertolini, R D'Amico, D Nardi, A Tinazzi, G Apolone

引用次数: 0