Health transition review : the cultural, social, and behavioural determinants of health最新文献

{"title":"Maternal schooling and comprehension of child health information in urban Zambia: is literacy a missing link in the maternal schooling-child health relationship?","authors":"K W Stuebing","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper examines the relationship between literacy skills and comprehension of health information by studying mothers of young children in a high-density urban area in Zambia. Both decontextualized language and print literacy skills were assessed for each woman and the resulting scores were related to her comprehension of both broadcast and printed health information. The results indicate that fluency in a language is not sufficient for full comprehension of broadcast messages in the decontextualized type of language used in bureaucratic communication, and that a woman's ability to use decontextualized language is associated with greater comprehension of such messages. Skill in using this type of language increases with years of schooling, even in the poorly equipped schools in Zambia, as does print literacy, even though the levels of comprehension achieved are well below their grade level on average for these women. Some implications of these findings for both health care providers and educators are then considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":79945,"journal":{"name":"Health transition review : the cultural, social, and behavioural determinants of health","volume":"7 2","pages":"151-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21047975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of water supply on infant and childhood mortality: a review of historical evidence.","authors":"F van Poppel,&nbsp;C van der Heijden","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The provision of clean water is mentioned as an important factor in many studies dealing with the decline of mortality in Europe during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In developing countries too, improved water supply is assumed to have a strong impact on mortality. When studying the effect of water supply on public health, researchers are confronted with many methodological problems. Most of these also apply to historical studies of the subject. We review the evidence from this historical research, taking into account the methodological problems observed in contemporary impact evaluation studies, and we use more refined data from the Dutch city of Tilburg, enabling us to overcome many of these shortcomings. Finally, we discuss some factors which may explain why we failed to discover an effect of the availability of piped water on the level of childhood mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":79945,"journal":{"name":"Health transition review : the cultural, social, and behavioural determinants of health","volume":"7 2","pages":"113-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21047974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does maternal employment augment spending for children's health care? A test from Haryana, India.","authors":"P Berman,&nbsp;J Zeitlin,&nbsp;P Roy,&nbsp;S Khumtakar","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence that women's employment and earnings foster increased allocations of household resources to children's well-being have led to advocacy of investment in women's employment as a method for targeting the social benefits of enhanced economic opportunity. Work and associated earnings are hypothesized to empower women, who can then exercise their individual preferences for spending on child well-being as well as influence household spending patterns. This paper presents results from a small detailed household and community study of maternal employment and child health in northern India (one of six studies in a research network), which sought to show that such effects did indeed occur and that they could be linked to work characteristics. Careful analysis of employment and earnings showed that they are multidimensional and highly variable over occupations and seasons. Contrary to expectations, spending on health care for children's illness episodes was negatively associated with maternal employment and earnings variables in econometric analysis. The expected individual effects on women of work and earnings, if they did occur, were not sufficient to alter the general spending pattern. We conclude that the attributes of work as well as the social and cultural environment are important mediators of such effects, suggesting a confluence of 'individual' and 'collective' behavioural determinants meeting in the locus of the household.</p>","PeriodicalId":79945,"journal":{"name":"Health transition review : the cultural, social, and behavioural determinants of health","volume":"7 2","pages":"187-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21047976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mothers' management of childhood diseases in Yorubaland: the influence of cultural beliefs.","authors":"B J Feyisetan,&nbsp;S Asa,&nbsp;J A Ebigbola","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several studies have noted that, besides inadequate availability of health care services in many areas, especially the less developed countries, certain disease-specific and non-disease-specific cultural beliefs may influence people's health seeking behaviour. It has even been noted that health services may be underutilized and several health and child care instructions may be ineffective or ignored in traditional and transitional societies where people's ideas and behavioural patterns conflict with the knowledge being passed to them (Feyisetan and Adeokun 1992; Feyisetan 1992). Feyisetan and Adeokun (1992) argued that non-adoption of modern preventive and curative measures cannot be attributed to poverty alone since the costs of some preventive and curative measures are not exorbitant in several of these societies. Rather, they suggested that the gap between awareness of modern health measures and health seeking behaviour must be sought in the social and cultural determinants of behaviour in such matters as child care and disease management. Earlier studies have noted that children in Nigeria die mainly from malaria, diarrhoea, measles, neonatal tetanus, whooping cough, tuberculosis, and bronchopneumonia (Morley and MacWilliam 1961; Ogunlesi 1961; Morley, Woodland and Martin 1963, 1966; Baxter-Grillo and Leshi 1964; Animashaun 1977; Tomkins 1981). Because these diseases are preventable at low cost to the individual, there is a need to investigate why large percentages of children are still subjected to many episodes of these diseases. In this paper, we examine (1) the mothers' perceptions of the aetiology of the three most cited childhood diseases in our study areas, measles, diarrhoea and fever, and the effect of these perceptions on the mothers' suggested curative measures; and (2) the persistence of the belief in abiku and how this cultural belief can influence mothers' management of childhood diseases. Since, for most mothers, perceptions of the aetiology of the childhood diseases are rooted in cultural beliefs, a brief review of disease-specific cultural beliefs is undertaken. In order to determine the effect of socio-economic factors, the mothers' perceptions of the aetiology of the childhood diseases, their recommended curative measures and the belief in abiku are examined according to selected socio-economic variables.</p>","PeriodicalId":79945,"journal":{"name":"Health transition review : the cultural, social, and behavioural determinants of health","volume":"7 2","pages":"221-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21047789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-demographic correlates, HIV/AIDS-related cofactors, and measures of same-sex sexual behaviour among northern Thai male soldiers.","authors":"A S London,&nbsp;M J VanLandingham,&nbsp;N Grandjean","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We use data from an anonymous self-administered 1991 survey of military personnel in northern Thailand to estimate overall levels of and socio-demographic differentials in same-sex sexual behaviour in this population. Additionally, we examine the relationship between sexual experience with another male and a variety of outcomes relevant to HIV prevention and policy. Overall, 16.3 per cent of the sexually active soldiers report ever having had anal or oral sex with other males. Same-sex sexual behaviour in this sample is positively associated with several indicators of higher socio-economic status. All of the men who report having had sex with other men report having had vaginal intercourse with females as well. Comparison of our estimate of same-sex sexual behaviour with those obtained from two similar samples drawn in 1991 suggests that the lower estimates observed in the other two studies are largely due to differences in data collection methods. Regarding the HIV/AIDS-related outcomes we examined, men who have had sex with other men are significantly more likely than those who have not to have ever injected drugs, to personally know someone with HIV/AIDS, to have had sex with a female prostitute in the last six months, and to have had a sexually transmitted disease in the last six months. In this sample, men who have had sex with other men are also less knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS than are men who have not. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for HIV-prevention policy in Thailand.</p>","PeriodicalId":79945,"journal":{"name":"Health transition review : the cultural, social, and behavioural determinants of health","volume":"7 1","pages":"33-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21041324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual behaviour in a fishing community on Lake Victoria, Uganda.","authors":"H Pickering,&nbsp;M Okongo,&nbsp;K Bwanika,&nbsp;B Nnalusiba,&nbsp;J Whitworth","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study describes the sexual behaviour of men and women in a fishing village on the shores of Lake Victoria in southwest Uganda. The village is near a well known trading town-truckstop on the main trans-Africa highway with a high recorded prevalence of HIV infection. Data were obtained on the daily travel and sexual activities of 26 women and 54 men with particular attention paid to the rate of partner change and the proportion of sexual contacts with people outside the village. During a total of 587 person weeks the men made 1086 trips, mostly returning home the same day. They had a total of 1226 sexual contacts, most of which occurred either in their own village (83%) or a neighbouring fishing village (11%); 17 per cent of sexual contacts were with new partners. Fifteen of the women described themselves as married; 42 per cent of their sexual contacts were casual, paying partners. Of the eleven women who were single, between 80 and 100 per cent of contacts were with paying partners. Most of the women's partners were resident in the village. These data show a very high rate of sexual mixing within the village. Such communities should be targeted in future STD control programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":79945,"journal":{"name":"Health transition review : the cultural, social, and behavioural determinants of health","volume":"7 1","pages":"13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21041323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stretching the limits of health interventions in Burkina Faso.","authors":"S Findley,&nbsp;A Zayan,&nbsp;M Kere,&nbsp;Y Kone,&nbsp;G Sogbo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79945,"journal":{"name":"Health transition review : the cultural, social, and behavioural determinants of health","volume":"7 1","pages":"95-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21041326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rationalizing health care in a changing world: the need to know.","authors":"K S Warren","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The World Development Report 1993 announced that global life expectancy was then 65. Experience in the developed world suggests that the World Health Organization's dictum, 'health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being', is simply not attainable for the foreseeable future. As physical health has improved, mental problems have become more prominent and a sense of well-being has declined. Furthermore, as the population ages and medical technology improves, the cost of health care grows almost exponentially. Since the population of the developed world is continuing to age and aging is spreading rapidly throughout the developing world, knowledge is the principal way of dealing with this seemingly intractable problem: we must know, quantitatively, the age-specific causes of ill health, and we must know which means of prevention and treatment are effective. Finally, we must apply that knowledge rationally.</p>","PeriodicalId":79945,"journal":{"name":"Health transition review : the cultural, social, and behavioural determinants of health","volume":"7 1","pages":"61-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21041325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of the environment in the sexual activity of school students in Tororo and Pallisa Districts of Uganda.","authors":"J M Twa-Twa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several models of adolescent sexual activity have previously been published and most of them suggest two basic components, biological and sociological. This article highlights important environmental factors in shaping the sexual behaviour of the school-going youth in Uganda. Students in education levels Senior 1 to 6 participated in the study. Information was collected from self-response structured questionnaires, focus-group discussions, and discussions with teachers. Student respondents were randomly selected.</p>","PeriodicalId":79945,"journal":{"name":"Health transition review : the cultural, social, and behavioural determinants of health","volume":"7 Suppl ","pages":"67-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21041661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Men's sexual behaviour in urban and rural southwest Nigeria: its cultural, social and attitudinal context.","authors":"O Orubuloye,&nbsp;J C Caldwell,&nbsp;P Caldwell","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79945,"journal":{"name":"Health transition review : the cultural, social, and behavioural determinants of health","volume":"7 Suppl ","pages":"315-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21041770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}