Telemedicine journal : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association最新文献_第2页

The Australian health system. 澳大利亚的卫生系统。

Telemedicine journal : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/107830200415126

S Leeder

{"title":"The Australian health system.","authors":"S Leeder","doi":"10.1089/107830200415126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/107830200415126","url":null,"abstract":"Healthcare in Australia is a mixture of private enterprise and publicly supported programs. The total expenditures in 1997–1998 were $47.3 billion dollars, representing 8.4% of gross domestic product (GDP). Approximately 68% of the $47.3 billion overall health costs comes from commonwealth, state, and local governments. The remaining 32% is made up of direct charges to patients, health insurance premiums, and other nontax sources.2 In Australia, there are two complementary systems of health insurance. The biggest and most well known is Medicare, a publicly funded compulsory scheme, run by the commonwealth government, which covers basic medical and hospital care for all Australian residents. The second is the private health insurance system, which also covers basic medical and hospital care, as well as additional insurance for dental care and superior accommodation facilities in public and private hospitals. The government has recently encouraged people to enroll in private health insurance plans, and introduced a Medicare surcharge for highincome earners without private health insurance, a 30% rebate on insurance premiums, and lifetime health coverage for early and longterm health fund membership, especially for young people. Medicare contains two components: hospitals and other medical services. Medicare is administered by the Commonwealth government and is funded by a levy linked to general taxation. The Commonwealth allocates funds to the states and territories as part of an agreement, which is renegotiated every 5 years, from which they provide public hospital and related services. The Health Insurance Commission makes payments directly to medical practitioners and patients for medical services provided in the community. This mixture of funding sources and administrative structures reflects the general attitudes of Australia, as a federation and its commitment to public support for social welfare.","PeriodicalId":79734,"journal":{"name":"Telemedicine journal : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association","volume":"6 2","pages":"201-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/107830200415126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21793365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Delivery and interactive processing of visual data for a cooperative telemedicine environment. 协作式远程医疗环境中可视化数据的传递和交互处理。

Telemedicine journal : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/107830200415207

B Pham, J Yearwood

{"title":"Delivery and interactive processing of visual data for a cooperative telemedicine environment.","authors":"B Pham, J Yearwood","doi":"10.1089/107830200415207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/107830200415207","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperative telemedicine environments are required for many situations such as consultations between residents and senior doctors, case correlations, and for teaching and research purposes. The mode of collaboration may vary with different situations, in terms of the synchronisation of tasks, the sharing of data and the extent of collaboration among participants. It is essential for participants to be able to remotely view and manipulate visual data (images, two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphics, animation, and video) as well as interactively run application programs that involve visual data in real-time. However, this is not possible with current network bandwidth limitations when large amount of visual data are involved. In this article, we first provide an analysis of functional requirements by participants in cooperative diagnosis in different types of situations, before discussing technical requirements, which form the basis for our system architecture design. A new approach is also presented for efficient handling of programs, which involve visual data in real time. This is achieved via the construction and transmission of small messages that encapsulate the operations in a pipelined or hierarchical fashion.","PeriodicalId":79734,"journal":{"name":"Telemedicine journal : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association","volume":"6 2","pages":"261-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/107830200415207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21793289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Intelligent health systems and third millennium medicine in Australia. 澳大利亚的智能健康系统和第三个千年医学。

Telemedicine journal : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/107830200415117

P M Yellowlees

引用次数: 15

Case-based support in a cooperative medical diagnosis environment. 合作医疗诊断环境中基于案例的支持。

Telemedicine journal : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/107830200415180

J Yearwood, B Pham

引用次数: 7

Three novel lossless image compression schemes for medical image archiving and telemedicine. 用于医学图像存档和远程医疗的三种新的无损图像压缩方案。

Telemedicine journal : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/107830200415199

J Wang, G Naghdy

{"title":"Three novel lossless image compression schemes for medical image archiving and telemedicine.","authors":"J Wang, G Naghdy","doi":"10.1089/107830200415199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/107830200415199","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, three novel lossless image compression schemes, hybrid predictive/vector quantization lossless image coding (HPVQ), shape-adaptive differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) (SADPCM), and shape-VQ-based hybrid ADPCM/DCT (ADPCMDCT) are introduced. All are based on the lossy coder, VQ. However, VQ is used in these new schemes as a tool to improve the decorrelation efficiency of those traditional lossless predictive coders such as DPCM, adaptive DPCM (ADPCM), and multiplicative autoregressive coding (MAR). A new kind of VQ, shape-VQ, is also introduced in this article. It provides predictive coders useful information regarding the shape characters of image block. These enhance the performance of predictive coders in the context of lossless coding. Simulation results of the proposed coders applied in lossless medical image compression are presented. Some leading lossless techniques such as DPCM, hierarchical interfold (HINT), CALIC, and the standard lossless JPEG are included in the tests. Promising results show that all these three methods are good candidates for lossless medical image compression.","PeriodicalId":79734,"journal":{"name":"Telemedicine journal : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association","volume":"6 2","pages":"251-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/107830200415199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21793288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

A methodology for the development of software agent based interoperable telemedicine systems: a tele-electrocardiography perspective. 基于互操作远程医疗系统的软件代理开发方法:远程心电图的视角。

Telemedicine journal : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/107830200415234

P Ganguly, P Ray

{"title":"A methodology for the development of software agent based interoperable telemedicine systems: a tele-electrocardiography perspective.","authors":"P Ganguly, P Ray","doi":"10.1089/107830200415234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/107830200415234","url":null,"abstract":"Telemedicine involves the integration of information, human-machine, and healthcare technologies. Because different modalities of patient care require applications running on heterogeneous computing environment, software interoperability is a major issue in telemedicine. Software agent technology provides a range of promising techniques to solve this problem. This article discusses the development of a methodology for the design of interoperable telemedicine systems (illustrated with a tele-electrocardiography application). Software interoperability between different applications can be modeled at different levels of abstraction such as physical interoperability, data-type interoperability, specification-level interoperability, and semantic interoperability. Software agents address the issue of software interoperability at semantic level. A popular object-oriented software development methodology - unified modeling language (UML) - has been used for this development. This research has demonstrated the feasibility of the development of agent-based interoperable telemedicine systems. More research is needed before widespread deployment of such systems can take place.","PeriodicalId":79734,"journal":{"name":"Telemedicine journal : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association","volume":"6 2","pages":"283-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/107830200415234","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21793292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Telemedicine screening of diabetic retinopathy using a hand-held fundus camera. 使用手持式眼底相机进行糖尿病视网膜病变的远程医疗筛查。

Telemedicine journal : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/107830200415153

K Yogesan, I J Constable, C J Barry, R H Eikelboom, I L McAllister, M L Tay-Kearney

{"title":"Telemedicine screening of diabetic retinopathy using a hand-held fundus camera.","authors":"K Yogesan, I J Constable, C J Barry, R H Eikelboom, I L McAllister, M L Tay-Kearney","doi":"10.1089/107830200415153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/107830200415153","url":null,"abstract":"The objective was to evaluate digital images of the retina from a handheld fundus camera (Nidek NM-100) for suitability in telemedicine screening of diabetic retinopathy. A handheld fundus camera (Nidek) and a standard fundus camera (Zeiss) were used to photograph 49 eyes from 25 consecutive patients attending our diabetic clinic. One patient had cataracts, making it impossible to get a quality image of one of the eyes (retina). The Nidek images were digitized, compressed, and stored in a Fujix DF-10M digitizer supplied with the camera. The digital images and the photographs were presented separately in a random order to three ophthalmologists. The quality of the images was ranked as good, acceptable or unacceptable for diabetic retinopathy diagnosis. The images were also evaluated for the presence of microaneurysms, blot hemorrhages, exudates, fibrous tissue, previous photocoagulation, and new vessel formation. kappa Values were computed for agreement between the photographs and digital images. Overall agreement between the photographs and digital images was poor (kappa < 0.30). On average, only 24% of the digital images were graded as being good quality and 56% as having an acceptable quality. However, 93% of the photographs were graded as good-quality images for diagnosis. The results indicate that the digital images from the handheld fundus camera may not be suitable for diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. The images shown on the liquid crystal display (LCD) screen of the camera were of good quality. However, the images produced by the digitizer (Fujix DF-10M) attached to the camera were not as good as the images shown on the LCD screen. A better digitizing system may produce better quality images from the Nidek camera.","PeriodicalId":79734,"journal":{"name":"Telemedicine journal : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association","volume":"6 2","pages":"219-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/107830200415153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21793284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 52

Building the Hospital Without Walls--a CSIRO home telecare initiative. 建设没有围墙的医院——CSIRO家庭远程医疗倡议。

Telemedicine journal : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/107830200415225

L S Wilson, R W Gill, I F Sharp, J Joseph, S A Heitmann, C F Chen, M J Dadd, A Kajan, A F Collings, M Gunaratnam

{"title":"Building the Hospital Without Walls--a CSIRO home telecare initiative.","authors":"L S Wilson, R W Gill, I F Sharp, J Joseph, S A Heitmann, C F Chen, M J Dadd, A Kajan, A F Collings, M Gunaratnam","doi":"10.1089/107830200415225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/107830200415225","url":null,"abstract":"Aging populations and rising health costs have created the need to care for more patients in their own homes. Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) is developing a project, Hospital Without Walls, which aims to provide continuous monitoring of patients in certain diagnostic categories. The key technology is a miniature, wearable, low-power radio that can transmit vital sign and activity information to a home computer, from which data may be sent by telephone line and the Internet to appropriate medical professionals. The initial clinical scenario for this work is monitoring of elderly patients who have presented to hospitals following repeated falls. Accelerometers built into the radio sets will monitor activity and detect and characterise falls. Simultaneous measurement of heart rate will provide information about abnormalities of cardiovascular physiology at the time of a fall. The system has been tested in laboratory conditions and is being adapted for initial clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":79734,"journal":{"name":"Telemedicine journal : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association","volume":"6 2","pages":"275-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/107830200415225","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21793291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 43

Teleradiology at the tertiary-level Women's and Children's Hospital in South Australia. 南澳大利亚三级妇女和儿童医院的远程放射学。

Telemedicine journal : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/107830200415135

T Hayward, J Mitchell

引用次数: 3

Multipoint videoconferencing in health: a review of three years' experience in Queensland, Australia. 卫生领域多点视频会议:对澳大利亚昆士兰州三年经验的回顾。

Telemedicine journal : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/107830200415216

I Blignault

{"title":"Multipoint videoconferencing in health: a review of three years' experience in Queensland, Australia.","authors":"I Blignault","doi":"10.1089/107830200415216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/107830200415216","url":null,"abstract":"The objective was to review multipoint videoconferencing in Queensland Health from July 1996 to June 1999. Most videoconferencing has been conducted using desktop systems connected by integrated systems digital network (ISDN) at 128 kbps. Data on utilization and problems were extracted from monthly reports and a survey was conducted. Multipoint videoconferencing increased steadily over the 3 years from just and handful of conferences per month to 101 conferences and 703 hours of bridge use per month. Primary uses were education and administration. Relatively few technical failures and operator errors were recorded. But by 1999, late connection and low attendance were major problems. Survey responses indicated that multipoint videoconferencing met expectations at the great majority of sites. Most respondents were satisfied with the level of administrative and technical support provided. In this large and decentralized state, multipoint videoconferencing has proven a useful and effective means of bringing healthcare workers together for a common purpose, supplementing face-to-face events and other encounters mediated by communications technology such as satellite broadcasts and audioconferences.","PeriodicalId":79734,"journal":{"name":"Telemedicine journal : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association","volume":"6 2","pages":"269-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/107830200415216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21793290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15