Seminars in clinical neuropsychiatry最新文献_第7页

The neuroimmunology of stress and depression. 压力和抑郁的神经免疫学。

Seminars in clinical neuropsychiatry Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1053/SCNP.2001.0060277

C. Raison, Andrew H. Miller

{"title":"The neuroimmunology of stress and depression.","authors":"C. Raison, Andrew H. Miller","doi":"10.1053/SCNP.2001.0060277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/SCNP.2001.0060277","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews evidence that shows a bidirectional relationship between the brain and the immune system. As a result of this relationship, mental factors such as stress and depression have been shown to affect immune system functioning, with both immunosuppression and immune activation being reported. Stress and depression also have been associated with worse outcomes in immune-related disorders including cancer and infectious diseases suggesting that stress/depression effects on the immune system are clinically relevant to disease expression. Conversely, several lines of evidence suggest that immune system activation such as during infectious diseases, cancer, and autoimmune disorders is associated with the development of behavioral symptoms similar to those seen in the context of chronic stress or major depression. These findings implicate a role for the immune system in the cause of behavioral disorders in a wide range of medical illnesses. Finally, a paradigm is proposed in which abnormal functioning of either the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis or the inflammatory response system disrupts feedback regulation of both neuroendocrine and immune systems contributing to the development of neuropsychiatric and immunologic disorders.","PeriodicalId":79723,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in clinical neuropsychiatry","volume":"6 4 1","pages":"277-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58315278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 104

Psychoneuroimmune and endocrine pathways in cancer: effects of stress and support. 癌症中的心理神经免疫和内分泌通路:压力和支持的影响。

Seminars in clinical neuropsychiatry Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1053/SCNP.2001.26995

David Spiegel, S. Sephton

{"title":"Psychoneuroimmune and endocrine pathways in cancer: effects of stress and support.","authors":"David Spiegel, S. Sephton","doi":"10.1053/SCNP.2001.26995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/SCNP.2001.26995","url":null,"abstract":"The bulk of cancer research has productively focused on the pathophysiology of the disease, emphasizing tumor biology, especially tumor characteristics such as DNA ploidy and estrogen/progesterone receptor status as predictors of disease outcome, at the expense of studying the body's psychophysiological reactions to tumor invasion. These reactions are mediated by brain/body mechanisms, including the endocrine, neuroimmune, and autonomic nervous systems. Although a large portion of the variance in any disease outcome is accounted for by the specific local pathophysiology of that disease, some variability must also be explained by 'host resistance' factors, which include the manner of response to the stress of the illness. The evidence of links between social support, stress, emotional state, and immune and endocrine function is growing. Here we examine evidence that 2 especially promising mechanisms, one immune, one endocrine, may mediate the relationship between stress and social support on the one hand and cancer progression on the other. We chose natural killer (NK) cells and cortisol because they are particularly good examples of mediating mechanisms for which there is solid basic and clinical evidence. NK cells are of great interest because they are involved in tumor surveillance, and because their activity can be measured in vitro.","PeriodicalId":79723,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in clinical neuropsychiatry","volume":"6 4 1","pages":"252-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58316393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 94

Psychosocial-immune relationships in HIV disease. HIV疾病的心理-社会-免疫关系。

Seminars in clinical neuropsychiatry Pub Date : 2001-10-01 DOI: 10.1053/SCNP.2001.26996

D. Cruess, J. Leserman, J. Petitto, R. Golden, M. Szuba, M. Morrison, D. Evans

引用次数: 13

A behavioral approach to understanding and treating pathological gambling. 一种理解和治疗病态赌博的行为方法。

Seminars in clinical neuropsychiatry Pub Date : 2001-07-01 DOI: 10.1053/SCNP.2001.22920

N. Petry, J. Roll

引用次数: 48

The neurobiology of pathological gambling. 病态赌博的神经生物学。

Seminars in clinical neuropsychiatry Pub Date : 2001-07-01 DOI: 10.1053/SCNP.2001.22929

M. Potenza

引用次数: 103

Neurobiology of decision-making: risk and reward. 决策的神经生物学:风险与回报。

Seminars in clinical neuropsychiatry Pub Date : 2001-07-01 DOI: 10.1053/SCNP.2001.22927

A. Bechara

{"title":"Neurobiology of decision-making: risk and reward.","authors":"A. Bechara","doi":"10.1053/SCNP.2001.22927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/SCNP.2001.22927","url":null,"abstract":"Neurological patients with bilateral ventromedial (VM) lesions of the prefrontal cortex often deny, or they are not aware that they have a problem. Furthermore, they often pursue actions that bring some reward in the immediate run, despite severe long-term consequences such as the loss of job, home, and family. The somatic marker hypothesis, which provides an account of this defect in decision-making, posits that the impairment is the result of defective activation of somatic markers that normally function as covert or overt signposts for helping with the process of making choices that are advantageous to the organism. Failure to enact somatic states results from dysfunction in a neural system in which the VM cortex is one critical region. However, other neural regions, including the amygdala, and somatosensory cortices (SI, SII, and insula) are also hypothesized to be components of that same neural system. Recent evidence reveals that substance abusers suffer from decision-making deficit akin to that seen with patients with VM lesions. Thus, the strategies used to study decision-making in neurological patients have direct implications for understanding several neuropsychiatric disorders including addiction and pathological gambling.","PeriodicalId":79723,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in clinical neuropsychiatry","volume":"6 3 1","pages":"205-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58315980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 209

The epidemiology of pathological gambling. 病态赌博的流行病学。

Seminars in clinical neuropsychiatry Pub Date : 2001-07-01 DOI: 10.1053/SCNP.2001.22919

R. Cunningham-Williams, L. Cottler

引用次数: 94

The genetics of pathological gambling. 病态赌博的遗传学。

Seminars in clinical neuropsychiatry Pub Date : 2001-07-01 DOI: 10.1053/SCNP.2001.22931

S. Eisen, W. Slutske, M. Lyons, J. Lassman, H. Xian, R. Toomey, S. Chantarujikapong, M. Tsuang

{"title":"The genetics of pathological gambling.","authors":"S. Eisen, W. Slutske, M. Lyons, J. Lassman, H. Xian, R. Toomey, S. Chantarujikapong, M. Tsuang","doi":"10.1053/SCNP.2001.22931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/SCNP.2001.22931","url":null,"abstract":"Problem and pathological gambling (PG) occurs in about 5% of Americans. Gambling is associated with substantial psychosocial and psychiatric health problems, and the increasing ease of access to gambling may increase its future prevalence. Therefore, it is important to gain greater insight into the causes of PG. Family studies of PG are consistent with a substantial familial impact on vulnerability to PG. However, family studies cannot distinguish genetic from family environmental influences. By contrast, the study of twin pairs permits the genetic and environmental influences on PG to be estimated. The study of gambling behavior among 3,359 twin pair members of the Vietnam Era Twin Registry suggests that: (1) inherited factors explain a substantial proportion of the variance in the report of symptoms of gambling; (2) there is a single continuum of genetic vulnerability that underlies gambling problems of varying severities; and, (3) the co-occurrence of PG with conduct disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and alcohol abuse/dependence is partially explained by genes that influence both PG and these other psychiatric disorders. Neurophysiological correlates of gambling problems and genetically based differences in neurotransmitter systems may provide biological mechanisms that explain the genetic basis for a predisposition to PG.","PeriodicalId":79723,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in clinical neuropsychiatry","volume":"6 3 1","pages":"195-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58316159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

Pathological gambling: addiction or compulsion? 病态赌博:成瘾还是强迫?

Seminars in clinical neuropsychiatry Pub Date : 2001-07-01 DOI: 10.1053/SCNP.2001.22921

C. Blanco, P. Moreyra, E. Nunes, J. Saiz-Ruiz, Á. Ibáñez

引用次数: 138

The psychopharmacology of pathological gambling. 病态赌博的精神药理学。

Seminars in clinical neuropsychiatry Pub Date : 2001-07-01 DOI: 10.1053/SCNP.2001.22924

S. W. Kim, J. Grant

引用次数: 24