Medscape women's health最新文献_第8页

Hearing Loss: Does Gender Play a Role? 听力损失:性别起作用吗?

Medscape women's health Pub Date : 1997-10-01

Murphy, Gates

引用次数: 0

From GnRH to SSRIs and Beyond: Weighing the Options for Drug Therapy in Premenstrual Syndrome. 从GnRH到SSRIs及其他:权衡经前期综合征药物治疗的选择。

Medscape women's health Pub Date : 1997-10-01

Mortola

{"title":"From GnRH to SSRIs and Beyond: Weighing the Options for Drug Therapy in Premenstrual Syndrome.","authors":"Mortola","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmacologic intervention is now the most effective therapy available for treating premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Although there are still no Food and Drug Administration-approved medications for this indication, several well-designed studies have been conducted, the results of which may guide the clinician's treatment of women with this disorder. Consequently, less-proven nonpharmacologic modalities, such as dietary modification, exercise regimens, and psychotherapy, are more readily supplanted by the use of medication. Three classes of agents have been shown to have varying degrees of effectiveness in relieving PMS symptoms and are increasingly being used to treat the disorder: gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, benzodiazepines, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). While the GnRH agonists like leuprolide acetate, nafarelin acetate, or goserelin acetate have been shown to be highly effective in select cases, their side effects relegate them to use in patients who are unresponsive to other agents. More recently, the benefits of alprazolam (a benzodiazepine) and the SSRIs (especially fluoxetine) have been definitively established. In addition to these medications used to treat premenstrual syndrome in general, other drugs that are used to treat specific aspects of the disorder include danazol for headaches and spironolactone for fluid retention.","PeriodicalId":79687,"journal":{"name":"Medscape women's health","volume":"2 10","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20660331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diagnosing and Treating Breast Cancer in the Pregnant Woman. 孕妇乳腺癌的诊断和治疗。

Medscape women's health Pub Date : 1997-10-01

DiFronzo, O'Connell

{"title":"Diagnosing and Treating Breast Cancer in the Pregnant Woman.","authors":"DiFronzo, O'Connell","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Because breast cancer is an uncommon occurrence during pregnancy, symptoms and signs of the disease may be overlooked, resulting in delays in treatment and potentially compromising survival. In many cases, the physician may mistake signs of disease for the normal physiologic changes of pregnancy. For this reason, it is imperative that physicians perform careful clinical breast examinations in all pregnant patients--particularly early in gestation, before the breasts become difficult to examine. Upon finding any suspicious breast mass, an open biopsy without delay is indicated. Once a diagnosis of breast cancer is confirmed, a modified radical mastectomy is the treatment of choice in a pregnant woman because of the hazards of adjuvant therapy to the fetus. The administration of adjuvant therapy, such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy, may pose a risk to the fetus and requires careful consideration by the physician and patient. In some cases, especially when disease presents early in gestation, an interruption of the pregnancy may be warranted. Importantly, stage for stage, breast cancer during pregnancy has a similar prognosis to that of breast cancer in young, nonpregnant women; pregnancy itself does not appear to have an adverse effect on the disease process. In addition, with careful counseling, pregnancy subsequent to breast cancer is possible for some women with good prognoses.","PeriodicalId":79687,"journal":{"name":"Medscape women's health","volume":"2 10","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20660329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recognizing and Managing the Oral Clues That Point to Sjögren's Syndrome. 识别和管理指向Sjögren综合征的口头线索。

Medscape women's health Pub Date : 1997-09-01

Aguirre

{"title":"Recognizing and Managing the Oral Clues That Point to Sjögren's Syndrome.","authors":"Aguirre","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Sjögren's syndrome (SS), a chronic autoimmune exocrinopathy, occurs mainly after age 40. Most SS patients--80% to 90%--are women. SS is characterized by dry eyes and mouth due to lacrimal and salivary gland lymphocytic infiltration. It may be primary or secondary in association with a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis. Lymphoproliferation may produce extraglandular manifestations in pulmonary, cardiac, genitourinary, vascular, and/or nervous systems. The risk of lymphoma is increased 40-fold among SS patients. Dry mouth, or xerostomia, hinders eating, speaking, and swallowing. A thorough patient history, serum analysis, and salivary function tests are essential to determine the genesis of the xerostomia. Insufficient salivary protection can cause rampant dental destruction and soft-tissue mycosis in the mouth. A biopsy of the minor salivary gland from the lower lip is used to detect hallmark inflammatory changes that confirm the diagnosis of SS. Therapy is symptomatic. Regardless of the cause of xerostomia, therapy has 3 fundamental aspects: preventive dental care, dietary counseling (reduction of sugar intake to avoid caries), and moisture replacement (including artificial salivas, frequent sips of water, and room humidifiers). Women taking xerostomic medications may need to lower the dose or substitute them with less xerogenic drugs if possible. Salivation can be stimulated by chewing gum, mints, or paraffin. Cracked lips are treated with petroleum. Dental flossing, supplemental fluoride, and dental appointments every 3 to 4 months are essential to control caries. Pilocarpine, a parasympathomimetic drug that increases salivation, has been found to reduce the severity of xerostomia from radiotherapy; multicenter trials in SS patients are ongoing.","PeriodicalId":79687,"journal":{"name":"Medscape women's health","volume":"2 9","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20660327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identifying and Treating Depression in Women With Cancer: A Primary Care Approach. 鉴别和治疗女性癌症患者的抑郁症:一种初级保健方法。

Medscape women's health Pub Date : 1997-09-01

Strouse

引用次数: 0

Weighing The Options In Medical Abortion. 权衡药物流产的选择。

Medscape women's health Pub Date : 1997-09-01

Schaff, Eisinger, Stadalius

{"title":"Weighing The Options In Medical Abortion.","authors":"Schaff, Eisinger, Stadalius","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"For women who require interruption of pregnancy, medications that can offer a safe alternative to surgery--for example, methotrexate (though interruption of pregnancy is not an approved indication) and mifepristone (formerly known as RU486 and currently pending approval by the Food and Drug Administration [FDA])--are being examined. As with any new therapy, clinicians who wish to be able to offer this option should become familiar with the medications' safety and efficacy profiles and how they work, which patients are acceptable candidates, how the procedure is performed, how to counsel women seeking information, and how to manage complications. Nonsurgical abortion using either methotrexate or mifepristone in combination with misoprostol can be a safe and effective alternative to surgical abortion if a woman is no more than 7 weeks pregnant, clinical guidelines are followed, and access to surgical abortion is available for complications. Administration of either agent is followed within days by administration of misoprostol, a prostaglandin that induces uterine contraction and expulsion of the uterine contents. Side effects of all 3 agents are generally mild, but complications may include ongoing pregnancy, incomplete abortion, or excessive bleeding.","PeriodicalId":79687,"journal":{"name":"Medscape women's health","volume":"2 9","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20660326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gynecology Case Challenge - Spotting and Abnormal Cervix in a Young Woman on Oral Contraceptives. 妇科病例挑战-一名口服避孕药的年轻妇女的斑点和异常宫颈。

Medscape women's health Pub Date : 1997-08-01

Hill

引用次数: 0

Percutaneous Bladder Neck Stabilization for Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women: The Technique, Risks, Benefits. 经皮膀胱颈部稳定治疗女性压力性尿失禁:技术、风险和益处。

Medscape women's health Pub Date : 1997-08-01

Appell

引用次数: 0

Preterm Birth: The Role of Infection and Inflammation. 早产:感染和炎症的作用。

Medscape women's health Pub Date : 1997-08-01

McGregor, French

{"title":"Preterm Birth: The Role of Infection and Inflammation.","authors":"McGregor, French","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Preterm birth is the leading preventable cause of neonatal morbidity. Evidence shows that common genitourinary infections, which can easily be treated, cause large numbers of babies to be born prematurely. Because of their biologically immature organs, these newborns require intensive neonatal care, which leads to excess hospital costs early in life (approximately $3000/day at the University of Colorado). Long term, these children require follow-up for a range of disabling conditions, such as cerebral palsy, mental retardation, blindness, and/or deafness. Inexpensive screening during pregnancy can detect such common infections as bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, chlamydia, and urinary tract infection; prompt treatment of these infections can effectively reduce admissions for preterm labor evaluation and can lower preterm birth rates. Bacterial vaginosis, in particular, has been consistently associated with a significantly increased risk of preterm births. Selective use of antibiotics in women during preterm labor and premature rupture of membranes significantly reduces both preterm birth rates and the risk of complications--in particular, from group B streptococcus (GBS) infection--in both babies and mothers. Implementation of appropriate screening and treatment of bacterial vaginosis and other prevalent infections can dramatically reduce the excess morbidity and mortality of infants \"born too soon\" because of reproductive tract infection.","PeriodicalId":79687,"journal":{"name":"Medscape women's health","volume":"2 8","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20660562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating and Managing Postpartum Thyroid Dysfunction. 产后甲状腺功能障碍的评估和处理。

Medscape women's health Pub Date : 1997-07-01

Mestman

引用次数: 0