Reviews of reproduction最新文献_第2页

Effects of stress on reproduction in non-rodent mammals: the role of glucocorticoids and sex differences. 应激对非啮齿动物生殖的影响:糖皮质激素和性别差异的作用。

Reviews of reproduction Pub Date : 2000-05-01 DOI: 10.1530/ror.0.0050105

A J Tilbrook, A I Turner, I J Clarke

{"title":"Effects of stress on reproduction in non-rodent mammals: the role of glucocorticoids and sex differences.","authors":"A J Tilbrook, A I Turner, I J Clarke","doi":"10.1530/ror.0.0050105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/ror.0.0050105","url":null,"abstract":"The means by which stress influences reproduction is not clearly understood, but may involve a number of endocrine, paracrine and neural systems. Stress impacts on the reproductive axis at the hypothalamus (to affect GnRH secretion) and the pituitary gland (to affect gonadotrophin secretion), with direct effects on the gonads being of less importance. Different stressors have different effects and there are differences in response to short- and long-term stress. Many short-term stresses fail to affect reproduction and there are reports of stimulatory effects of some 'stressors'. There are species differences in the way that specific stressors affect reproduction. Sex differences in the effects of a particular stressor have been delineated and these may relate to effects of stress at different levels of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis. The significance of stress-induced secretion of cortisol varies with species. In some instances, there appears to be little impact of short-term increases in cortisol concentrations and protracted increases in plasma concentration seem to be required before any deleterious effect on reproduction is apparent. Issues of sex, sex steroid status, type of stressor and duration of stress need to be considered to improve understanding of this issue.","PeriodicalId":79531,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of reproduction","volume":"5 2","pages":"105-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1530/ror.0.0050105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21708325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 468

The zona pellucida: using molecular genetics to study the mammalian egg coat. 透明带:利用分子遗传学研究哺乳动物卵皮。

Reviews of reproduction Pub Date : 2000-05-01 DOI: 10.1530/ror.0.0050114

T Rankin, J Dean

引用次数: 69

Functional processing of fertilin: evidence for a critical role of proteolysis in sperm maturation and activation. 受精的功能加工:蛋白质水解在精子成熟和激活中的关键作用的证据。

Reviews of reproduction Pub Date : 2000-05-01 DOI: 10.1530/ror.0.0050075

C P Blobel

{"title":"Functional processing of fertilin: evidence for a critical role of proteolysis in sperm maturation and activation.","authors":"C P Blobel","doi":"10.1530/ror.0.0050075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/ror.0.0050075","url":null,"abstract":"Fertilin is a sperm surface protein with an essential role in fertilization. It is required for the migration of spermatozoa through the oviduct, for binding to the zona pellucida, and for efficient binding to the egg plasma membrane. Fertilin consists of two subunits, fertilin alpha and beta, both of which belong to the metalloprotease-disintegrin protein family (ADAMs). Fertilin alpha and beta are made as larger precursors that are processed proteolytically at different stages of sperm maturation in the testis and epididymis. Fertilin alpha is processed first, most likely by a pro-protein convertase in the secretory pathway of testicular cells. Fertilin beta is processed later, while spermatozoa are in transit through the epididymis. The processing of fertilin beta in the epididymis correlates with the acquisition of fertilization competence in spermatozoa, exposes an epitope that has a role in sperm-egg interactions, and triggers the relocalization of fertilin from the whole sperm head to the posterior head. These findings indicate that the proteolytic processing of fertilin and perhaps also other sperm proteins plays an important role in sperm maturation and activation in the epididymis. Further evaluation of the functional significance of proteolysis for sperm maturation should lead to new and exciting insights into the mechanism of sperm maturation, and may also uncover the cause of certain types of male infertility. The identification of the responsible proteases could provide novel targets for contraceptive drugs.","PeriodicalId":79531,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of reproduction","volume":"5 2","pages":"75-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1530/ror.0.0050075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21708321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 67

Molecular mechanisms involved in the differentiation of spermatogenic stem cells. 生精干细胞分化的分子机制。

Reviews of reproduction Pub Date : 2000-05-01 DOI: 10.1530/ror.0.0050093

K A Sutton

{"title":"Molecular mechanisms involved in the differentiation of spermatogenic stem cells.","authors":"K A Sutton","doi":"10.1530/ror.0.0050093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/ror.0.0050093","url":null,"abstract":"In male mammals, spermatogenesis proceeds for the reproductive lifetime of the animal. The continuation of this process depends upon a pool of spermatogenic stem cells within the testes that undergo asymmetric division to both maintain the stem cell population and give rise to progenitors that will proceed through spermatogenesis to generate mature spermatozoa. Thus, the development of functional spermatozoa may be divided into two distinct stages. The second, the process of spermatogenesis, is dependent upon the first, the successful formation of spermatogenic stem cells. Although spermatogenesis is characterized by marked cellular differentiation, the initial stages of germ line differentiation involve an avoidance of the differentiation signals acting during embryo development. The germ line is set aside early in embryo development and, while the primordial germ cells remain refractory to the differentiation signals affecting the soma, they undergo a number of phenotypic shifts before and after colonizing the genital ridge. Upon colonization of the genital ridge, the somatic tissue of the male genital ridge directs the final differentiation events that result in the formation of spermatogenic stem cells. It is this cell population that provides the basis for the maintenance of spermatogenesis in the adult.","PeriodicalId":79531,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of reproduction","volume":"5 2","pages":"93-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1530/ror.0.0050093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21708323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Role of activins in the male reproductive tract. 激活素在男性生殖道中的作用。

Reviews of reproduction Pub Date : 2000-05-01 DOI: 10.1530/ror.0.0050099

G P Risbridger, B Cancilla

{"title":"Role of activins in the male reproductive tract.","authors":"G P Risbridger, B Cancilla","doi":"10.1530/ror.0.0050099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/ror.0.0050099","url":null,"abstract":"The search for gonadal proteins that regulate pituitary FSH led to the isolation of inhibins and activins. As members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) superfamily of growth and differentiation factors, these proteins have been shown subsequently to affect a range of tissues and systems beyond their role in reproduction. Studies on the expression and synthesis of activins in the male reproductive tract have localized these proteins in the testis, epididymis and prostate. In general, activins regulate cell proliferation and, consequently, the expression and localization of activin subunit mRNAs and proteins within these organs must be discrete. Activin ligand bioactivity is dependent on the presence of the appropriate receptors and signalling systems, but activin ligand formation or access to receptors is regulated by the formation of inhibins or by activin-binding proteins such as follistatin. This review examines the evidence that the capacity to synthesize activins and to regulate activin bioactivity resides in the cells of the male reproductive tract. It is concluded that activins exert their effects through local (autocrine or paracrine) mechanisms, rather than through endocrine systems. The interplay between the inhibins or follistatins provides a degree of regulation of activin bioactivity before ligand signalling events. The challenge for the future is to determine whether there is any difference between the action of individual activin ligands or whether these proteins are functionally redundant, indicating that compensatory mechanisms are essential for male reproductive tract function.","PeriodicalId":79531,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of reproduction","volume":"5 2","pages":"99-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1530/ror.0.0050099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21708324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

Evolution of mammalian pregnancy in the presence of the maternal immune system. 在母体免疫系统存在下哺乳动物妊娠的进化。

Reviews of reproduction Pub Date : 2000-05-01 DOI: 10.1530/ror.0.0050067

D R Bainbridge

{"title":"Evolution of mammalian pregnancy in the presence of the maternal immune system.","authors":"D R Bainbridge","doi":"10.1530/ror.0.0050067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/ror.0.0050067","url":null,"abstract":"Eutherian mammals have inherited a typical vertebrate immune system, which protects the body against infectious organisms by detecting and destroying foreign biological material. However, with the evolution of longer gestation periods, this protective mechanism became a potential threat to the 'semi-foreign' fetus and so eutherians have developed systems to prevent immune rejection of their developing fetuses. In many species, this is achieved by reducing placental expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, the products of which are responsible for most transplantation rejection reactions. Unexpectedly, however, major histocompatibility complex expression is often re-established in the most invasive trophoblast cells. It is not known why transplantation antigen expression in the fetal cells most exposed to the maternal immune system is advantageous. It is possible that such expression aids the process of invasion or exerts an immunoprotective effect on the fetus. It may prove possible to identify the essential steps that all eutherian fetuses take to ensure their survival in the face of potential maternal immune attack by studying the common features of the placental immunology of different species.","PeriodicalId":79531,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of reproduction","volume":"5 2","pages":"67-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1530/ror.0.0050067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21708320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 91

Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in luteolysis. 单核细胞趋化蛋白1在黄体溶解中的作用。

Reviews of reproduction Pub Date : 2000-05-01 DOI: 10.1530/ror.0.0050063

L A Penny

{"title":"Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in luteolysis.","authors":"L A Penny","doi":"10.1530/ror.0.0050063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/ror.0.0050063","url":null,"abstract":"Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) is a member of the chemokine family of cytokines which are involved in leukocyte physiology and trafficking. Interest in the role of inflammatory cells and their cytokine products in luteolysis has been increasing and there is mounting evidence demonstrating that MCP-1 is involved in luteolysis. Cell sources of MCP-1, such as endothelial cells, are abundant in late stage luteal tissue. Increased amounts of mRNA encoding MCP-1 are found after luteolysis in sheep, pigs, cows, rats and women and its up-regulation is associated with an increase in macrophages within the corpus luteum, indicating that MCP-1 may act as an inflammatory mediator during luteal regression. Luteolytic substances (prolactin in rats and prostaglandin F2alpha in ruminants) appear to be involved in increased expression of MCP-1 within the corpus luteum, although it is unclear whether this is a direct or indirect effect. Cytokines produced within the corpus luteum around luteolysis may also be involved in regulating MCP-1 expression. The field of chemokine biology is expanding rapidly and MCP-1, as well as other chemokines yet to be investigated, may prove to be an important link between the hormonal and cellular events within the corpus luteum around the time of luteolysis.","PeriodicalId":79531,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of reproduction","volume":"5 2","pages":"63-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1530/ror.0.0050063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21708319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 76

The human corpus luteum: remodelling during luteolysis and maternal recognition of pregnancy. 人黄体:黄体溶解过程中的重塑和母体对妊娠的认识。

Reviews of reproduction Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1530/ror.0.0050012

W C Duncan

引用次数: 95

Effects of dietary fatty acids on reproduction in ruminants. 饲粮脂肪酸对反刍动物繁殖的影响。

Reviews of reproduction Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1530/ror.0.0050038

R Mattos, C R Staples, W W Thatcher

{"title":"Effects of dietary fatty acids on reproduction in ruminants.","authors":"R Mattos, C R Staples, W W Thatcher","doi":"10.1530/ror.0.0050038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/ror.0.0050038","url":null,"abstract":"Fats in the diet can influence reproduction positively by altering both ovarian follicle and corpus luteum function via improved energy status and by increasing precursors for the synthesis of reproductive hormones such as steroids and prostaglandins. Dietary fatty acids of the n-3 family reduce ovarian and endometrial synthesis of prostaglandin F2alpha, decrease ovulation rate in rats and delay parturition in sheep and humans. Polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic, linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids may inhibit prostaglandin F2alpha synthesis through mechanisms such as decreased availability of its precursor arachidonic acid, an increased competition by these fatty acids with arachidonic acid for binding to prostaglandin H synthase, and inhibition of prostaglandin H synthase synthesis and activity. It is not known whether polyunsaturated fatty acids regulate expression of candidate genes such as phospholipase A2 and prostaglandin H synthase via activation of nuclear transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Manipulation of the fatty acid profile of the diet can be used potentially to amplify suppression of uterine synthesis of prostaglandin F2alpha during early pregnancy in cattle, which may contribute to a reduction in embryonic mortality. Feeding fats and targeting of fatty acids to reproductive tissues may be a potential strategy to integrate nutrition and reproductive management to improve animal productivity.","PeriodicalId":79531,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of reproduction","volume":"5 1","pages":"38-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1530/ror.0.0050038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21563977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 401

Maternal recognition of pregnancy in marsupials. 有袋动物对怀孕的母体识别。

Reviews of reproduction Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1530/ror.0.0050006

M B Renfree

引用次数: 47