Brain research. Brain research protocols最新文献

The assays of activities and function of TH, AADC, and GCH1 and their potential use in ex vivo gene therapy of PD TH、AADC和GCH1的活性和功能测定及其在PD体外基因治疗中的潜在应用

Brain research. Brain research protocols Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresprot.2005.10.005

Chun-Li Duan, Yue Su, Chun-Li Zhao, Ling-Ling Lu, Qun-Yuan Xu, Hui Yang

{"title":"The assays of activities and function of TH, AADC, and GCH1 and their potential use in ex vivo gene therapy of PD","authors":"Chun-Li Duan, Yue Su, Chun-Li Zhao, Ling-Ling Lu, Qun-Yuan Xu, Hui Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresprot.2005.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresprot.2005.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>In the past decades, there have been numerous studies in the gene therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD), especially in delivering genes of enzymes for dopamine (DA) synthesis. Gene therapy in PD appears to be at the brink of the clinical study phase. However, there are many questions that need to be solved before this approach can be contemplated clinically, especially the question about the control of DA production because too much DA could cause toxicity. Until recently, few studies have investigated the relation between DA production and PD improvement and respective expressed human </span>tyrosine hydroxylase<span><span> (hTH), human GTP-cyclohydrolase 1 (hGCH1), and human aromatic acid decarboxylase<span> (hAADC) in ex vivo gene therapy for PD. Now, we have developed a simple, fast, and reliable method to assay the activities of TH and AADC and have provided the possibility of ex vivo gene therapy for PD by genetically modifying cells with separate hTH, hGCH1, and hAADC genes. Using the method, we found though hTH, hGCH1, and hAADC genes were expressed, respectively, they could fulfil the function of DA synthesis by incubating together in vitro, and more DA was synthesized in vitro when hTH, hGCH1, and hAADC genes were expressed together rather than hTH and hAADC genes expressed or hTH expressed. The result suggests that we could easily control DA production in ex vivo gene therapy before transplantation. By combining this method and </span></span>microdialysis, we also could further investigate the DA production in vitro and in vivo and then decide the optimal number and ratio of different transduced cells to improve the therapy of PD. Thus, the method has potential use in ex vivo gene therapy of PD.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":79477,"journal":{"name":"Brain research. Brain research protocols","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 37-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.brainresprot.2005.10.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25734216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Learned helplessness: Validity and reliability of depressive-like states in mice 习得性无助:小鼠抑郁样状态的有效性和可靠性

Brain research. Brain research protocols Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresprot.2005.09.002

S. Chourbaji, C. Zacher, C. Sanchis-Segura, C. Dormann, B. Vollmayr, P. Gass

{"title":"Learned helplessness: Validity and reliability of depressive-like states in mice","authors":"S. Chourbaji, C. Zacher, C. Sanchis-Segura, C. Dormann, B. Vollmayr, P. Gass","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresprot.2005.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresprot.2005.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The learned helplessness paradigm is a depression model in which animals are exposed to unpredictable and uncontrollable stress, e.g. electroshocks, and subsequently develop coping deficits for aversive but escapable situations (J.B. Overmier, M.E. Seligman, Effects of inescapable shock upon subsequent escape and avoidance responding, J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 63 (1967) 28–33 <span>[15]</span>). It represents a model with good similarity to the symptoms of depression, construct, and predictive validity in rats. Despite an increased need to investigate emotional, in particular depression-like behaviors in transgenic mice, so far only a few studies have been published using the learned helplessness paradigm. One reason may be the fact that—in contrast to rats (B. Vollmayr, F.A. Henn, Learned helplessness in the rat: improvements in validity and reliability, Brain Res. Brain Res. Protoc. 8 (2001) 1–7)—there is no generally accepted learned helplessness protocol available for mice. This prompted us to develop a reliable helplessness procedure in C57BL/6N mice, to exclude possible artifacts, and to establish a protocol, which yields a consistent fraction of helpless mice following the shock exposure. Furthermore, we validated this protocol pharmacologically using the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine. Here, we present a mouse model with good face and predictive validity that can be used for transgenic, behavioral, and pharmacological studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":79477,"journal":{"name":"Brain research. Brain research protocols","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 70-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.brainresprot.2005.09.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25734217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 189

The isolated perfused bovine retina—A sensitive tool for pharmacological research on retinal function 牛视网膜离体灌注-视网膜功能药理研究的灵敏工具

Brain research. Brain research protocols Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresprot.2005.09.001

Matthias Lüke , Marco Weiergräber , Carl Brand , Siarhei A. Siapich , Mohammed Banat , Jürgen Hescheler , Christoph Lüke , Toni Schneider

{"title":"The isolated perfused bovine retina—A sensitive tool for pharmacological research on retinal function","authors":"Matthias Lüke , Marco Weiergräber , Carl Brand , Siarhei A. Siapich , Mohammed Banat , Jürgen Hescheler , Christoph Lüke , Toni Schneider","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresprot.2005.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresprot.2005.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The electroretinogram (ERG) of the isolated bovine retina serves as a proven criterion of retinal activity. It is used as a sensitive pharmacological tool for testing effects of applied drugs and toxins on photoreceptors, and higher order neurons that contribute to the generation of the b-wave. Following isolation and detachment from the underlying </span>pigment<span> epithelium, part of the retina was mounted into a closed chamber and perfused by a nutrient solution. Flow rate of the nutrient solution and its ingredients, incubation temperature and light intensity were optimised empirically to achieve a maximum b-wave amplitude. Under these conditions, a reproducible, high-resolution ERG can be stably recorded for more than 10 h with sufficient oxygenation found to be a prerequisite for the long-lasting stability. Addition of L(+)glutamate to the nutrient solutions was not anymore beneficial for the b-wave amplitude. A well-known inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation (KCN) and antagonists of voltage-gated Ca</span></span><sup>2+</sup> channels (isradipine, ω-conotoxin-GVIA and NiCl<sub>2</sub>) were used to prove the validity of the test system. The recording of the ERG from the isolated and perfused bovine retina serves as a valuable physiological model for a neuronal network in which important questions related to the retinal signalling and metabolism can be investigated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":79477,"journal":{"name":"Brain research. Brain research protocols","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 27-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.brainresprot.2005.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25690730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 50

A procedure for selecting and culturing subpopulations of neurons from rat dorsal root ganglia using magnetic beads 磁珠筛选培养大鼠背根神经节神经元亚群的方法

Brain research. Brain research protocols Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresprot.2005.10.004

Budd A. Tucker, Masuma Rahimtula, Karen M. Mearow

引用次数: 24

Electron spin resonance assay of ascorbyl radical generation in mouse hippocampal slices during and after kainate-induced seizures 电子自旋共振测定小鼠海马片抗坏血酸自由基在海碱钠诱导癫痫发作期间和之后的生成

Brain research. Brain research protocols Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresprot.2005.10.001

Toshiki Masumizu , Yasuko Noda , Akitane Mori , Lester Packer

引用次数: 16

Free colour illustrations in the online version of articles 免费彩色插图在文章的在线版本

Brain research. Brain research protocols Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1385-299X(05)00097-8

引用次数: 0

Free colour illustrations on the web 免费彩色插图在网络上

Brain research. Brain research protocols Pub Date : 2005-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1385-299X(05)00073-5

引用次数: 0

High-pressure freezing followed by cryosubstitution as a tool for preserving high-quality ultrastructure and immunoreactivity in the Xenopus laevis pituitary gland 高压冷冻后冷冻替代作为保存非洲爪蟾脑垂体高质量超微结构和免疫反应性的工具

Brain research. Brain research protocols Pub Date : 2005-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresprot.2005.07.001

Liangchun Wang , Bruno M. Humbel , Eric W. Roubos

{"title":"High-pressure freezing followed by cryosubstitution as a tool for preserving high-quality ultrastructure and immunoreactivity in the Xenopus laevis pituitary gland","authors":"Liangchun Wang , Bruno M. Humbel , Eric W. Roubos","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresprot.2005.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresprot.2005.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Subcellular localisation of proteins and peptides yields fundamental information about cell functioning. Immunoelectron microscopy is a powerful tool to achieve this goal, but combining good tissue preservation with strong immunoreactivity is a great challenge in electron microscopy. We have applied a novel approach, using high-pressure freezing (HPF) followed by cryosubstitution, to prepare the pituitary gland of the amphibian <em>Xenopus laevis</em> for immunogold-electron microscopy. In this way, we investigated the subcellular distribution of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and the amphibian neurohormone mesotocin in the pituitary neural lobe, and the peptide hormone α-melanophore-stimulating hormone and its protein precursor proopiomelanocortin in melanotrope cells of the pituitary intermediate lobe. In contrast to conventional chemical fixation (followed by cryosubstitution), HPF not only revealed strong immunoreactivity of the secretory products, but also provided excellent ultrastructural preservation of cell organelles, including secretory granule subtypes. We conclude that HPF followed by cryosubstitution provides a preparation technique of choice when both optimal tissue ultrastructure and strong immunoreactivity are required.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":79477,"journal":{"name":"Brain research. Brain research protocols","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 155-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.brainresprot.2005.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25258642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Oxidation of 14C-labeled substrates by hippocampal slice cultures 海马切片培养对14c标记底物的氧化作用

Brain research. Brain research protocols Pub Date : 2005-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresprot.2005.06.002

Erin Gilbert , Peter J. Bergold

引用次数: 5

Peripheral targeting of the trigeminal ganglion via the infraorbital foramen as a therapeutic strategy 经眶下孔外周靶向三叉神经节作为一种治疗策略

Brain research. Brain research protocols Pub Date : 2005-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresprot.2005.05.003

John K. Neubert , Andrew J. Mannes , Jason Keller , Melanie Wexel , Michael J. Iadarola , Robert M. Caudle

{"title":"Peripheral targeting of the trigeminal ganglion via the infraorbital foramen as a therapeutic strategy","authors":"John K. Neubert , Andrew J. Mannes , Jason Keller , Melanie Wexel , Michael J. Iadarola , Robert M. Caudle","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresprot.2005.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresprot.2005.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>A unique interventional approach for modulating sensory signaling involves targeting neurons in the sensory ganglia through use of pharmacological or gene therapies. This has previously been accomplished in the trigeminal system via stereotactic ganglionic microinjections. However, this procedure can be time consuming and requires expensive stereotactic equipment. The current paper describes a percutaneous approach for injecting the trigeminal ganglion with an electrical-stimulation needle inserted through the infraorbital foramen, </span>infraorbital canal and </span>foramen rotundum<span>. The needle tip was positioned in the ganglion by eliciting a twitch in the ipsilateral masseter following electrical stimulation. The technique was imaged using computerized tomography<span> and methylene blue dye to verify the site of the injection. We validated this technique by reproducing the results from our prior study that involved injection of </span></span></span>resiniferatoxin (RTX) into the trigeminal ganglion using the stereotactic approach. Both techniques for intraganglionic injection of RTX produced a specific deletion of C-fiber neurons, as demonstrated by inhibition of neurogenic-induced plasma extravasation and behavioral assays. Thus, we propose a novel and simple technique for studying mechanisms of peripheral sensory modulation of orofacial pain via direct application of drugs, tracers or viral vectors around trigeminal sensory neuronal cell bodies. This technique minimizes trauma to brain structures that may have an impact on pain perception.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":79477,"journal":{"name":"Brain research. Brain research protocols","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 119-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.brainresprot.2005.05.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25194722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 52