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Seminars in reproductive endocrinology最新文献

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Role of hyperinsulinemia in the pathogenesis of the polycystic ovary syndrome, and its clinical implications. 高胰岛素血症在多囊卵巢综合征发病机制中的作用及其临床意义。
Seminars in reproductive endocrinology Pub Date : 1997-05-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1016294
J E Nestler
{"title":"Role of hyperinsulinemia in the pathogenesis of the polycystic ovary syndrome, and its clinical implications.","authors":"J E Nestler","doi":"10.1055/s-2007-1016294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1016294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent disorder affecting approximately 6% of women of reproductive age, and is characterized by anovulation and hyperandrogenism. It has also become apparent that a frequent feature of women with PCOS is insulin resistance accompanied by compensatory hyperinsulinemia, and increasing evidence suggests that hyperinsulinemia plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. This article will review (1) evidence indicating that insulin contributes to the hyperandrogenism of PCOS by stimulating ovarian androgen production and decreasing serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations; (2) possible direct effects of hyperinsulinemia on folliculogenesis; (3) the relationship between insulin and adrenal androgens in women; and (4) therapeutic and clinical implications of these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":79457,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in reproductive endocrinology","volume":"15 2","pages":"111-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-2007-1016294","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20112703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 175
Surgical approaches to ovulation induction. 促排卵的外科方法。
Seminars in reproductive endocrinology Pub Date : 1997-05-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1016300
A Shanti, A A Murphy
{"title":"Surgical approaches to ovulation induction.","authors":"A Shanti,&nbsp;A A Murphy","doi":"10.1055/s-2007-1016300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1016300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article provides a review of published data on surgical methods of ovulation induction for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Areas that were discussed include the historical background of these procedures, their outcome as reported in the literature and potential adverse effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":79457,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in reproductive endocrinology","volume":"15 2","pages":"183-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-2007-1016300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20112709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Pathophysiology of ovarian steroid secretion in polycystic ovary syndrome. 多囊卵巢综合征卵巢类固醇分泌的病理生理学。
Seminars in reproductive endocrinology Pub Date : 1997-05-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1016297
R B Barnes
{"title":"Pathophysiology of ovarian steroid secretion in polycystic ovary syndrome.","authors":"R B Barnes","doi":"10.1055/s-2007-1016297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1016297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ovary in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) produces markedly increased amounts of steroids in response to gonadotropin stimulation. Because FSH secretion is under tight long-loop negative-feedback control and LH is not, hyperandrogenism is the primary clinical manifestation of excess steroid production in PCOS. However, estrogen production by multiple, small follicles may inhibit FSH secretion sufficiently to prevent selection of a single, dominant follicle. Ovarian stimulation testing has suggested that ovarian hyperandrogenism is a result of dysregulation of the androgen producing enzyme P450c17. ACTH stimulation testing is consistent with dysregulation of adrenal P450c17 in about two-thirds of hyperandrogenic women. In most cases dysregulation appears to be due to an intrinsic abnormality of P450c17, or to an abnormality of autocrine/paracrine factors which regulate P450c17. Both LH and insulin hypersecretion are most often a result of the steroid secretory abnormalities. Once present they may amplify the underlying cause of dysregulation of P450c17.</p>","PeriodicalId":79457,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in reproductive endocrinology","volume":"15 2","pages":"159-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-2007-1016297","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20112706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Metabolic aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome. 多囊卵巢综合征的代谢方面。
Seminars in reproductive endocrinology Pub Date : 1997-05-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1016293
R A Wild
{"title":"Metabolic aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome.","authors":"R A Wild","doi":"10.1055/s-2007-1016293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1016293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The metabolic aberrations in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) demand a shift in clinical care from symptom driven to the prevention of chronic disease. The onset of carbohydrate intolerance or diabetes may be accelerated. The lipoprotein lipid profiles are compatible with the effects of insulin resistance. Disturbed cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism may eventuate in premature cardiovascular disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":79457,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in reproductive endocrinology","volume":"15 2","pages":"105-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-2007-1016293","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20112702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Role of growth hormone in polycystic ovarian syndrome. 生长激素在多囊卵巢综合征中的作用。
Seminars in reproductive endocrinology Pub Date : 1997-05-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1016299
A J Morales
{"title":"Role of growth hormone in polycystic ovarian syndrome.","authors":"A J Morales","doi":"10.1055/s-2007-1016299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1016299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given recent in-vitro and in-vivo evidence that insulin and growth hormone may have gonadotropin-augmenting effects, the putative endocrine role of serum growth hormone levels in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has been investigated in several studies since 1990. Obesity is a disease entity in its own right and, therefore, a confounding influence on investigations of PCOS. PCOS in the absence of obesity may be viewed as the \"authentic syndrome\". The use of IGF-1 as a marker of growth hormone secretion is not fully adequate as there is little to no correlation between this peptide and growth hormone in women with PCOS. The development of hyposomatotropinism in obese PCOS women appears to be an obesity-dependent event. The confirmed observation in both obese and lean women with and without PCOS of serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels requires further delineation. Preliminary evidence suggest that GH may play a role in the lean woman with PCOS and that the presence of obesity dampens its effect. Future investigations of the role of growth hormone in PCOS are dependent on first elucidating the role of GH in adult women and in the disease state of obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":79457,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in reproductive endocrinology","volume":"15 2","pages":"177-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-2007-1016299","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20112708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins: do they play a role in polycystic ovary syndrome? 胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白:它们在多囊卵巢综合征中起作用吗?
Seminars in reproductive endocrinology Pub Date : 1997-05-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1016295
N A Cataldo
{"title":"Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins: do they play a role in polycystic ovary syndrome?","authors":"N A Cataldo","doi":"10.1055/s-2007-1016295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1016295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins are produced by ovarian follicular cells and can oppose the effects of the IGFs and gonadotropins on these cells. Since polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by disordered follicular development, with the accumulation of antral follicles within the ovary which fail to respond appropriately to endogenous FSH, it has been hypothesized that one or more IGFBPs, which can act as FSH antagonists in vitro, could play a role in inhibiting follicular development in this syndrome. Follicular fluid IGFBP levels, however, do not differ between PCOS follicles and the androgenic, presumably atretic follicles of cycling women without PCOS. Serum IGFBP-1 levels are lower in PCOS, likely because of hyperinsulinemia, and serum free IGF-1 levels are raised. This alternation may drive the excess thecal androgen production characteristic of PCOS follicles. Alterations in IGFBPs may sustain the anovulatory steady state in PCOS but are unlikely to initiate development of the syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":79457,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in reproductive endocrinology","volume":"15 2","pages":"123-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-2007-1016295","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20112704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 36
Can polycystic ovary syndrome exist without concomitant hypothalamic dysfunction? 多囊卵巢综合征能不伴有下丘脑功能障碍吗?
Seminars in reproductive endocrinology Pub Date : 1997-05-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1016298
S L Berga, T L Daniels
{"title":"Can polycystic ovary syndrome exist without concomitant hypothalamic dysfunction?","authors":"S L Berga,&nbsp;T L Daniels","doi":"10.1055/s-2007-1016298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1016298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polycystic ovary syndrome describes a conformational ovarian state that may be the final common manifestation of several pathogenic pathways. Because the ovarian thecal and stromal hyperplasia characteristic of polycystic ovarian (PCO) morphology depends upon relative LH excess while follicular arrest requires a relative deficiency of FSH, it is likely that the PCO morphology cannot be expressed or maintained without both prior and concomitant exposure to the characteristic alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary secretion. Although increased LH and decreased FSH secretion are hypothesized to be integral to the expression of this morphological state and, in this limited sense, causal, this dependence does not necessarily mean that hypothalamic alterations are the primary etiology of this syndrome. However, recognition of the relationship between gonadotropin secretory alterations and the development of the PCO state does have treatment implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":79457,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in reproductive endocrinology","volume":"15 2","pages":"169-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-2007-1016298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20112707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons: their structure and function. 促性腺激素释放激素神经元的结构和功能。
Seminars in reproductive endocrinology Pub Date : 1997-02-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1067964
G E Hoffman, K A Berghorn
{"title":"Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons: their structure and function.","authors":"G E Hoffman,&nbsp;K A Berghorn","doi":"10.1055/s-2008-1067964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1067964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are essential for reproduction. GnRH neurons must release GnRH in a pulsatile pattern for optimal secretion of LH and FSH. In some species, GnRH surges actively evoke the preovulatory LH surge, while in others, GnRH secretion may be permissive. The GnRH neurons have a unique anatomy. The neurons develop, not from the ventricular epithelium like other CNS neurons, but migrate from the olfactory epithelium during fetal life. This feature provides a basis for the clinical link between olfactory and reproductive function and helps explain the atypical distribution of cells and variations in GnRH cell location noted across species. The diffuse organization of GnRH neurons has made the task of understanding the control of GnRH neurons by other CNS neurons more difficult. Recent evidence has helped discriminate influences that are permissive for GnRH release from those that direct changes in GnRH release.</p>","PeriodicalId":79457,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in reproductive endocrinology","volume":"15 1","pages":"5-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-2008-1067964","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20020801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Stress and behaviorally induced reproductive dysfunction in primates. 应激和行为诱导的灵长类动物生殖功能障碍。
Seminars in reproductive endocrinology Pub Date : 1997-02-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1067966
J L Cameron
{"title":"Stress and behaviorally induced reproductive dysfunction in primates.","authors":"J L Cameron","doi":"10.1055/s-2008-1067966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1067966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Both acute and chronic psychological and social stresses can impair reproductive hormone secretion in a variety of nonhuman primate species. This impairment can be subtle, consisting of a mild suppression in reproductive hormone secretion, or dramatic, underlying a complete suppression of fertility and reproductive behavior. Although group mean responses to various stresses can be measured, it is clear that there are marked differences in the response of the reproductive axis to these stresses among individual animals. Factors that contribute to the variability in the response of the reproductive axis include the type of stress, the magnitude and duration of stress, the perception of the stress by the individual, the social status of the individual, the concurrent level of aggressive behavior displayed by the individual, seasonal cues, and the prior level of activity within the reproductive axis. During some stresses, activation of the adrenal axis, endogenous opioid pathways, increased prolactin release, and changes in sensitivity to gonadal steroid hormone feedback appear to play a role in mediating the effects of behaviorally induced stresses on the reproductive axis. However, a great deal more work is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying impairment of the reproductive axis by most psychological and social stresses, as well as the mechanisms underlying differences in susceptibility to stress-induced impairment of reproductive function within individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":79457,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in reproductive endocrinology","volume":"15 1","pages":"37-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-2008-1067966","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20020803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 95
The neurobiology of stress: understanding regulation of affect during female biological transitions. 压力的神经生物学:理解女性生理转变过程中的情感调节。
Seminars in reproductive endocrinology Pub Date : 1997-02-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1067965
L D Dorn, G P Chrousos
{"title":"The neurobiology of stress: understanding regulation of affect during female biological transitions.","authors":"L D Dorn,&nbsp;G P Chrousos","doi":"10.1055/s-2008-1067965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1067965","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article provides an overview of the neurobiology of stress and how dysfunction of the stress system may be related to psychological or behavioral processes that emerge during biological transitions across the life span of a female individual. These transitions involve distinct hormonal changes that may or may not be accompanied by external physical changes and concomitant psychosocial adaptations. The biological transition include the intrauterine and neonatal periods; puberty, including both adrenarche and gonadarche; pregnancy and the postpartum period; and the perimenopausal and menopausal periods. We propose that biological transitions are times of increased psychological and physical vulnerability for some individuals, and this vulnerability may be related to concurrent changes in the reactivity of the stress system. Models for examining hormone-behavior relations during biological transitions are discussed along with specific research and clinical examples of disorders of the stress system temporally associated with female biological transitions.</p>","PeriodicalId":79457,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in reproductive endocrinology","volume":"15 1","pages":"19-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-2008-1067965","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20020802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 74
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