Pediatric pathology & laboratory medicine : journal of the Society for Pediatric Pathology, affiliated with the International Paediatric Pathology Association最新文献

{"title":"Congenital parvovirus infection.","authors":"H Vogel,&nbsp;M Kornman,&nbsp;S C Ledet,&nbsp;L Rajagopalan,&nbsp;L Taber,&nbsp;K McClain","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital parvovirus infection was diagnosed in two liveborn premature infants born at 24 and 35 weeks of gestational age. The illnesses were associated with placentomegaly, petechial rash, edema, hepatomegaly, anemia and thrombocytopenia, respiratory insufficiency, and death at 5 and 6 days of age. The syndromes exhibited by these cases shared common but nonspecific features with other life-threatening congenital infections. Serological studies in one case supported the diagnosis of parvoviral infection. Postmortem examination of both revealed nuclear inclusions in erythroid precursor cells characteristic of parvovirus infection. Use of the polymerase chain reaction confirmed the presence of parvovirus DNA in one of the cases. Intrauterine parvovirus B19 infection is most commonly associated with hydrops fetalis, \"transient\" hydrops, or a favorable outcome in infants found to be viremic after birth. These and previously reported examples of congenital B19 disease exemplify an exceptional form of human parvovirus infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":79453,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric pathology & laboratory medicine : journal of the Society for Pediatric Pathology, affiliated with the International Paediatric Pathology Association","volume":"17 6","pages":"903-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20284798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital alveolar capillary dysplasia: rare cause of persistent pulmonary hypertension.","authors":"S. Haraida, H. Lochbühler, A. Heger, A. Nerlich, J. Diebold, I. Wiest, J. Müller‐Höcker, U. Löhrs","doi":"10.1080/15513819709168760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15513819709168760","url":null,"abstract":"We report on a rare case of fatal congenital alveolar capillary dysplasia. The newborn boy of a 37 weeks' normal gestation suffered from persistent pulmonary hypertension without any cardiovascular malformation and died at the age of 4 weeks despite intensive treatment. The autopsy tissue was examined histologically, immunohistochemically, and ultrastructurally. Moreover, a three-dimensional tissue reconstruction based on serial sections was performed comparing the affected lung with normal lung tissue. We observed a unique pattern of pulmonary dysplasia: An extreme decrease of capillaries was localized centrally within thickened intra-acinar septa instead of capillaries intensely neighboring pneumocytes; ectatic veins normally running in the interlobular septa were found to accompany intralobular bronchovascular bundles, denying a clear distinction between pulmonary and bronchial veins; small muscular pulmonary arteries extended to the precapillary level and type 2 pneumocytes exceeded by far the type 1 pneumocytes, inverting the normal ratio. In summary, alveolar capillary dysplasia is assumed to be a primary capillary disorder of unknown origin, which possibly involves the regular differentiation of pneumocytes, according to the close alveolocapillary relationship during pulmonary ontogenesis. We consider the venous alterations as being part of the dysplasia, whereas the arterial phenomena might occur secondarily. Recent reports on affected siblings suggest a genetic component of pathogenesis.","PeriodicalId":79453,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric pathology & laboratory medicine : journal of the Society for Pediatric Pathology, affiliated with the International Paediatric Pathology Association","volume":"70 1","pages":"959-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85827493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathologic findings in the lymphoid and reticuloendothelial system in pediatric HIV infection: a postmortem study.","authors":"G Quijano,&nbsp;M Siminovich,&nbsp;R Drut","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present report describes the histopathological features of lymphoreticular tissues in 29 pediatric autopsies of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Mean age for the whole group was 1.77 years; 68.9% and 62% of the cases were 2 years old or less and 1 year old or less at the time of death, respectively. Twenty-one cases were categorized as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the rest included seven HIV-positive newborns and infants and two infants belonging to a high-risk group. The thymus (24 cases) showed severe lymphoid depletion (atrophy) in 16 (66.6%) cases, microcystic transformation of Hassall's corpuscles (HCs) in 4, calcified HCs in 3, absence of HCs in 3, and plasmacytic infiltrates and Warthin-Finkeldey-type multinucleated giant cells (also found in lymph nodes and bowel lymphoid aggregates in the same case) in 1. Lymph nodes (25 cases) revealed extensive lymphocyte depletion (68%); selective follicular (2 cases) or paracortical (3 cases) atrophy; hemophagocytosis (44%); some type of hyperplasia (plasmacytosis, enlarged follicles) in 5 cases; some type of lymphadenitis (12 cases), 5 cases of which were due to opportunistic infections (cytomegalovirus, 2; histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, 1 each). Main findings in the spleen (28 cases) were extensive lymphocyte depletion (10 cases), limited to the white pulp in 4 and including the red pulp in 7; some type of lymphoid hyperplasia (limited to white pulp in 6 cases and involving the red pulp in 5); hemophagocytosis (7 cases); and foci exhibiting a peculiar arrangement of spindle-shaped cells combined with capillaries, plasma cells, and occasionally siderophages in 11. These we have termed kaposiform areas due to the resemblance to the so-called inflammatory variant of Kaposi's sarcoma. This pattern was also recognized in lymph nodes of two cases. Although atrophy was the main theme, cases with hyperplasia were also noticed. The possible relationship, if it exists at all, between kaposiform areas and Kaposi's sarcoma remains to be established. No tumor was found in this series. No specific histopathologic pattern of lymphoid tissues atributable to HIV emerged form this study aside from kaposiform areas, a microscopic feature not previously reported in this circumstance in pediatrics.</p>","PeriodicalId":79453,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric pathology & laboratory medicine : journal of the Society for Pediatric Pathology, affiliated with the International Paediatric Pathology Association","volume":"17 6","pages":"845-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20284284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of chorioamnionitis.","authors":"M M Silver","doi":"10.1080/15513819709168763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15513819709168763","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79453,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric pathology & laboratory medicine : journal of the Society for Pediatric Pathology, affiliated with the International Paediatric Pathology Association","volume":"17 6","pages":"984-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15513819709168763","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20284705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemistry of medulloepithelioma and neural tube.","authors":"M Khoddami,&nbsp;L E Becker","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunohistochemistry profiles of medulloepithelioma (from two 2 1/2-year-old girls who had cerebral medulloepitheliomas and a 35-week postconceptional female infant with congenital posterior fossa tumor) and neural tube are compared. Microscopically, the tumors contained a medulloepitheliomatous component, manifested as tubular epithelial structures lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium delineated by well-defined basement membranes. In all cases, glial and neuronal differentiation were noted to differing extents. The medulloepitheliomatous components did not exhibit glial fibrillary acidic protein, neuron-specific enolase, or S-100 protein reactivity. Neurofilament, cytokeratin, and epithelial membrane antigen were focally present in one case. Extensive nestin immunopositivity was confined to the basal cell layer of the epithelium, leaving the luminal surface unreactive or slightly reactive. These cells also displayed a reactivity to vimentin and to microtubule-associated protein type 5 similar to that of cells of the primitive neural tube. The similarity between the immunohistochemical profile of medulloepithelioma and that of neural tube epithelium suggests a possible reexpression of that component of the genome responsible for neural tube growth and differentiation in medulloepithelioma.</p>","PeriodicalId":79453,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric pathology & laboratory medicine : journal of the Society for Pediatric Pathology, affiliated with the International Paediatric Pathology Association","volume":"17 6","pages":"913-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20284797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eosinophilic infiltration of the enteric neural plexuses in Hirschsprung's disease.","authors":"A. Lowichik, A. Weinberg","doi":"10.1080/15513819709168752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15513819709168752","url":null,"abstract":"Inflammatory infiltrations of the enteric plexuses are uncommon and are usually lymphoplasmacytic. Within the past 15 years, nine pediatric cases in which a predominantly eosinophilic infiltrate of the gastrointestinal wall with a predilection for the myenteric (Auerbach's) and deep submucosal (Henle's) plexuses were seen at our institution. Two were neonates without gastrointestinal abnormalities who expired shortly after birth. Seven were patients with short-segment Hirsch-sprung's disease. There was a mild increase in mucosal eosinophils in the overlying mucosa and only one patient had peripheral eosinophilia. Follow-up data obtained 1 month to 7 1/2 years after biopsy revealed no development of inflammatory bowel disease, connective tissue disease, malignancy, allergic disorder, or intestinal dysmotility. The proximal location of the infiltrate suggests that it may represent a secondary finding rather than a primary cause of aganglionosis.","PeriodicalId":79453,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric pathology & laboratory medicine : journal of the Society for Pediatric Pathology, affiliated with the International Paediatric Pathology Association","volume":"49 1","pages":"885-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85712758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric analysis of pulmonary development in the sheep following creation of fetal diaphragmatic hernia.","authors":"J Lipsett,&nbsp;J C Cool,&nbsp;S C Runciman,&nbsp;J D Kennedy,&nbsp;A J Martin,&nbsp;R W Byard,&nbsp;W D Ford","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) in humans is relatively common and associated with high mortality attributed mainly to pulmonary hypoplasia. Previous animal models have induced CDH late in gestation, in contrast to the human situation, and only limited morphometric analyses have been reported. We undertook early surgical creation of CDH in fetal lambs, days 72-74 of gestation (n = 8), with unoperated lambs (n = 8) as controls. At 143 days (term = 145-149) a cesarean section was performed and the lungs were obtained, inflation fixed, divided into lobes, and processed for morphometry. In the CDH group the total lung volumes (51.3 mL compared to 223.8 mL) and gas exchange surface areas (5.85 m2 versus 26.43 m2) were less than one quarter of control values. Capillary loading was reduced from 0.3 mL/m2 in controls to 0.12 mL/m2 in CDH and parenchymal volume reduced from 77% in controls to 57% in CDH. Within parenchyma, gas exchange tissue volume was increased in CDH (66%) compared with controls (50%). CDH lungs had primitive air sacs/alveoli that were smaller (perimeter 83 microns) and more numerous (1321 per mm2) than in controls (perimeter 132 microns, 504 per mm2). The left lung and left upper lobe were affected most. Induction of CDH in the lamb at this early age results in quantifiable, reproducible pulmonary hypoplasia from which comparisons can be made with the human condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":79453,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric pathology & laboratory medicine : journal of the Society for Pediatric Pathology, affiliated with the International Paediatric Pathology Association","volume":"17 5","pages":"789-807"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20209663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative histologic factors for grouping childhood supratentorial neuroglial tumors.","authors":"Floyd H. Gilles, E. Sobel, Alan Leviton, Tavaré Cj, E. Hedley‐Whyte","doi":"10.1080/15513819709168598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15513819709168598","url":null,"abstract":"The histologic heterogeneity of childhood supratentorial neuroglial tumors, when quantified, identifies relatively homogeneous subgroups for prognostic purposes and for assignment in clinical trials. Our sample consisted of supratentorial tumors in the Childhood Brain Tumor Consortium. The data consist of reliably identified histologic features and demographic, clinical, operative, and survival information. Factor analysis was used to identify uncorrelated \"factors,\" each represented by a different combination of histologic features in 703 tumors. The defining histologic features were used to label each factor. The heterogeneity of each tumor was summarized using the factor scores for each factor. We compared the survival estimates of subgroups of tumors within common diagnostic classes. We identified five uncorrelated quantitative factors that accounted for much of the histologic variation. Our factor labels were Jumbo, Fibrillary, Proliferative, Spongy, an Oligodendroglial. Two thirds of tumors had high scores on two or more factors, indicating a high degree of heterogeneity among these tumors. Eighty-four percent of supratentorial tumors were accounted for by 19 nonoverlapping relatively homogeneous histologic groups. The five quantitative factors complement standard qualitative taxonomies by summarizing more completely the histologic feature aspects of a tumor than by diagnosis alone and quantify the histologic heterogeneity of individual tumors. Histologically homogeneous groups of tumors are essential for clinical trials, biologic research, and prognostic models.","PeriodicalId":79453,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric pathology & laboratory medicine : journal of the Society for Pediatric Pathology, affiliated with the International Paediatric Pathology Association","volume":"98 1","pages":"729-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80904584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognosis for children with supratentorial neuroglial tumors.","authors":"E L Sobel,&nbsp;F H Gilles,&nbsp;C J Tavaré,&nbsp;A Leviton,&nbsp;E T Hedley-Whyte","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Factor analysis of reliably identified histologic features in supratentorial glial tumors yielded five interpretable \"factors\": Spongy, Fibrillary, Proliferative, Jumbo, and Oligodendroglial. Quantitative scores can be calculated for each factor in a tumor to summarize its heterogeneity. The objective was to investigate whether factor scores are useful for prognostic purposes. The sample consisted of 703 children with supratentorial neuroglial tumors with factor scores for each of the five factors. Data were based on the presence or absence of 26 reliably identified histologic features, plus clinical and survival information. Multivariate proportional hazards models assessed each factor's contribution to survival for children who survived 1 month after operation (n = 609). Patient-specific clinical data were allowed in the models. Increased likelihood of survival is associated with greater tumor removal, later decade of surgery, and high Spongy and high Oligodendroglial factor scores. Decreased likelihood of survival is associated with high Proliferative factor scores and radiation and/or chemotherapy treatment. Gender, age, location, and Jumbo and Fibrillary factor scores did not provide additional prognostic information. Three reliable histologic features, nondefining for any histologic factor, added prognostic information: Rosenthal fibers and glomeruli are associated with improved prognosis; pleomorphic nuclei are associated with worse prognosis. A high Oligodendroglial factor score is associated with a worse prognosis for some classes of astrocytoma but with a better prognosis for oligodendroglial tumors. A high Proliferative score is associated with a worse prognosis for anaplastic astrocytomas, ependymomas, and unclassifiable tumors. A high Spongy score is associated with a better prognosis for anaplastic astrocytomas but with a worse prognosis for pilocytic astrocytomas. For giant cell astrocytomas, gangliogliomas, and miscellaneous tumors, none of the factors is prognostic. Spongy, Oligodendroglial, and Proliferative factors provide important prognostic information for children with supratentorial neuroglial tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":79453,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric pathology & laboratory medicine : journal of the Society for Pediatric Pathology, affiliated with the International Paediatric Pathology Association","volume":"17 5","pages":"755-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20209662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Langerhans cell histiocytosis of lymph nodes: a morphological assessment of 43 biopsies.","authors":"B E Favara,&nbsp;A Steele","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The morphology of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) involving lymph nodes was analyzed in 43 biopsies from 39 patients and findings were correlated with clinical data. Five histological motifs were recognized: sinusoidal, limited sinusoidal, epithelioid granulomatous, partial effacement, and total effacement. Lesions were composed of histiocytes of the Langerhans cell (LC) family, macrophages, multinucleated giant histiocytes, T lymphocytes, and eosinophils in varying proportions. Proliferative fractions ranged from 2.6 to 48% and 2 of 25 specimens showed a hyperdiploid aneuploid DNA ploidy profile. Epithelioid granulomas composed of histiocytes with the LC phenotype dominated three abdominal specimens, reflecting a picture of LCH not previously reported. Total effacement seen in three patients, was associated with unmarked histiocytoid cells, high proliferative fraction, aneuploid DNA ploidy profile, and, in two, a fatal outcome. Different histologic appearances in lesions from separate sites of the same patient were seen in the cases with epithelioid granulomas and in those with total effacement. The diverse histopathology in lymph nodes involved by LCH is considered in the context of current knowledge of this enigmatic disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":79453,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric pathology & laboratory medicine : journal of the Society for Pediatric Pathology, affiliated with the International Paediatric Pathology Association","volume":"17 5","pages":"769-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20210214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}