Supplement ... to the European journal of neuroscience最新文献_第2页

Cognitive load and autonomic response patterns under negative priming demand in depersonalization‐derealization disorder 人格解体障碍患者负启动需求下的认知负荷与自主反应模式

Supplement ... to the European journal of neuroscience Pub Date : 2016-02-15 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13183

E. Lemche, Mauricio Sierra‐Siegert, A. David, M. Phillips, D. Gasston, Steven C. R. Williams, V. Giampietro

{"title":"Cognitive load and autonomic response patterns under negative priming demand in depersonalization‐derealization disorder","authors":"E. Lemche, Mauricio Sierra‐Siegert, A. David, M. Phillips, D. Gasston, Steven C. R. Williams, V. Giampietro","doi":"10.1111/ejn.13183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.13183","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have yielded evidence for cognitive processing abnormalities and alterations of autonomic functioning in depersonalization‐derealization disorder (DPRD). However, multimodal neuroimaging and psychophysiology studies have not yet been conducted to test for functional and effective connectivity under cognitive stress in patients with DPRD. DPRD and non‐referred control subjects underwent a combined Stroop/negative priming task, and the neural correlates of Stroop interference effect, negative priming effect, error rates, cognitive load span and average amplitude of skin conductance responses were ascertained for both groups. Evoked haemodynamic responses for basic Stroop/negative priming activations were compared. For basic Stroop to neutral contrast, patients with DPRD differed in the location (inferior vs. superior lobule) of the parietal region involved, but showed similar activations in the left frontal region. In addition, patients with DPRD also co‐activated the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (BA9) and posterior cingulate cortex (BA31), which were also found to be the main between‐group difference regions. These regions furthermore showed connectivity with frequency of depersonalization states. Evoked haemodynamic responses drawn from regions of interest indicated significant between‐group differences in 30–40% of time points. Brain‐behaviour correlations differed mainly in laterality, yet only slightly in regions. A reversal of autonomic patterning became evident in patients with DPRD for cognitive load spans, indicating less effective arousal suppression under cognitive stress – patients with DPRD showed positive associations of cognitive load with autonomic responses, whereas controls exhibit respective inverse association. Overall, the results of the present study show only minor executive cognitive peculiarities, but further support the notion of abnormalities in autonomic functioning in patients with DPRD.","PeriodicalId":79424,"journal":{"name":"Supplement ... to the European journal of neuroscience","volume":"533 1","pages":"971 - 978"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77127979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Conceptual grounding of language in action and perception: a neurocomputational model of the emergence of category specificity and semantic hubs 语言在行动和知觉中的概念基础:类别特异性和语义中心出现的神经计算模型

Supplement ... to the European journal of neuroscience Pub Date : 2016-02-01 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13145

M. Garagnani, F. Pulvermüller

{"title":"Conceptual grounding of language in action and perception: a neurocomputational model of the emergence of category specificity and semantic hubs","authors":"M. Garagnani, F. Pulvermüller","doi":"10.1111/ejn.13145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.13145","url":null,"abstract":"Current neurobiological accounts of language and cognition offer diverging views on the questions of ‘where’ and ‘how’ semantic information is stored and processed in the human brain. Neuroimaging data showing consistent activation of different multi‐modal areas during word and sentence comprehension suggest that all meanings are processed indistinctively, by a set of general semantic centres or ‘hubs’. However, words belonging to specific semantic categories selectively activate modality‐preferential areas; for example, action‐related words spark activity in dorsal motor cortex, whereas object‐related ones activate ventral visual areas. The evidence for category‐specific and category‐general semantic areas begs for a unifying explanation, able to integrate the emergence of both. Here, a neurobiological model offering such an explanation is described. Using a neural architecture replicating anatomical and neurophysiological features of frontal, occipital and temporal cortices, basic aspects of word learning and semantic grounding in action and perception were simulated. As the network underwent training, distributed lexico‐semantic circuits spontaneously emerged. These circuits exhibited different cortical distributions that reached into dorsal‐motor or ventral‐visual areas, reflecting the correlated category‐specific sensorimotor patterns that co‐occurred during action‐ or object‐related semantic grounding, respectively. Crucially, substantial numbers of neurons of both types of distributed circuits emerged in areas interfacing between modality‐preferential regions, i.e. in multimodal connection hubs, which therefore became loci of general semantic binding. By relating neuroanatomical structure and cellular‐level learning mechanisms with system‐level cognitive function, this model offers a neurobiological account of category‐general and category‐specific semantic areas based on the different cortical distributions of the underlying semantic circuits.","PeriodicalId":79424,"journal":{"name":"Supplement ... to the European journal of neuroscience","volume":"4 1","pages":"721 - 737"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89865990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 69

The extremely broad odorant response profile of mouse olfactory sensory neurons expressing the odorant receptor MOR256‐17 includes trace amine‐associated receptor ligands 表达气味受体MOR256‐17的小鼠嗅觉感觉神经元的气味反应谱极其广泛，其中包括微量胺相关受体配体

Supplement ... to the European journal of neuroscience Pub Date : 2016-01-28 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13153

Bassim Tazir, Mona Khan, P. Mombaerts, X. Grosmaitre

{"title":"The extremely broad odorant response profile of mouse olfactory sensory neurons expressing the odorant receptor MOR256‐17 includes trace amine‐associated receptor ligands","authors":"Bassim Tazir, Mona Khan, P. Mombaerts, X. Grosmaitre","doi":"10.1111/ejn.13153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.13153","url":null,"abstract":"The mouse olfactory system employs ~1100 G‐protein‐coupled odorant receptors (ORs). Each mature olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) is thought to express just one OR gene, and the expressed OR determines the odorant response properties of the OSN. The broadest odorant response profile thus far demonstrated in native mouse OSNs is for OSNs that express the OR gene SR1 (also known as Olfr124 and MOR256‐3). Here we showed that the odorant responsiveness of native mouse OSNs expressing the OR gene MOR256‐17 (also known as Olfr15 and OR3) is even broader than that of OSNs expressing SR1. We investigated the electrophysiological properties of green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ OSNs in a MOR256‐17‐IRES‐tauGFP gene‐targeted mouse strain, in parallel with GFP+ OSNs in the SR1‐IRES‐tauGFP gene‐targeted mouse strain that we previously reported. Of 35 single chemical compounds belonging to distinct structural classes, MOR256‐17+ OSNs responded to 31 chemicals, compared with 10 for SR1+ OSNs. The 10 compounds that activated SR1+ OSNs also activated MOR256‐17+ OSNs. Interestingly, MOR256‐17+ OSNs were activated by three amines (cyclohexylamine, isopenthylamine, and phenylethylamine) that are typically viewed as ligands for chemosensory neurons in the main olfactory epithelium that express trace amine‐associated receptor genes, a family of 15 genes encoding G‐protein‐coupled receptors unrelated in sequence to ORs. We did not observe differences in membrane properties, indicating that the differences in odorant response profiles between the two OSN populations were due to the expressed OR. MOR256‐17+ OSNs appear to be at one extreme of odorant responsiveness among populations of OSNs expressing distinct OR genes in the mouse.","PeriodicalId":79424,"journal":{"name":"Supplement ... to the European journal of neuroscience","volume":"8 1","pages":"608 - 617"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74640048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Stable encoding of sounds over a broad range of statistical parameters in the auditory cortex 在听觉皮层中，在广泛的统计参数范围内对声音进行稳定编码

Supplement ... to the European journal of neuroscience Pub Date : 2016-01-20 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13144

Jennifer M. Blackwell, Thibaud Taillefumier, Ryan G. Natan, Isaac M. Carruthers, M. Magnasco, M. Geffen

{"title":"Stable encoding of sounds over a broad range of statistical parameters in the auditory cortex","authors":"Jennifer M. Blackwell, Thibaud Taillefumier, Ryan G. Natan, Isaac M. Carruthers, M. Magnasco, M. Geffen","doi":"10.1111/ejn.13144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.13144","url":null,"abstract":"Natural auditory scenes possess highly structured statistical regularities, which are dictated by the physics of sound production in nature, such as scale‐invariance. We recently identified that natural water sounds exhibit a particular type of scale invariance, in which the temporal modulation within spectral bands scales with the centre frequency of the band. Here, we tested how neurons in the mammalian primary auditory cortex encode sounds that exhibit this property, but differ in their statistical parameters. The stimuli varied in spectro‐temporal density and cyclo‐temporal statistics over several orders of magnitude, corresponding to a range of water‐like percepts, from pattering of rain to a slow stream. We recorded neuronal activity in the primary auditory cortex of awake rats presented with these stimuli. The responses of the majority of individual neurons were selective for a subset of stimuli with specific statistics. However, as a neuronal population, the responses were remarkably stable over large changes in stimulus statistics, exhibiting a similar range in firing rate, response strength, variability and information rate, and only minor variation in receptive field parameters. This pattern of neuronal responses suggests a potentially general principle for cortical encoding of complex acoustic scenes: while individual cortical neurons exhibit selectivity for specific statistical features, a neuronal population preserves a constant response structure across a broad range of statistical parameters.","PeriodicalId":79424,"journal":{"name":"Supplement ... to the European journal of neuroscience","volume":"56 1","pages":"751 - 764"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79309539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Facilitative effect of repetitive presentation of one stimulus on cortical responses to other stimuli in macaque monkeys – a possible neural mechanism for mismatch negativity 重复呈现一种刺激对猕猴皮层对其他刺激反应的促进作用——错配消极性的可能神经机制

Supplement ... to the European journal of neuroscience Pub Date : 2016-01-06 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13136

Kana Takaura, N. Fujii

{"title":"Facilitative effect of repetitive presentation of one stimulus on cortical responses to other stimuli in macaque monkeys – a possible neural mechanism for mismatch negativity","authors":"Kana Takaura, N. Fujii","doi":"10.1111/ejn.13136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.13136","url":null,"abstract":"The event‐related potential ‘mismatch negativity’ (MMN) is an indicator of a perceiver's ability to detect deviations in sensory signal streams. MMN and its homologue in animals, mismatch activity (MMA), are differential neural responses to a repeatedly presented stimulus and a subsequent deviant stimulus (oddball). Because neural mechanisms underlying MMN and MMA remain unclear, there is a controversy as to whether MMN and MMA arise solely from stimulus‐specific adaptation (SSA), in which the response to a stimulus cumulatively attenuates with its repetitive presentation. To address this issue, we used electrocorticography and the auditory roving‐oddball paradigm in two awake macaque monkeys. We examined the effect of stimulus repetition number on MMA and on responses to repeated stimuli and oddballs across the cerebral cortex in the time–frequency domain. As the repetition number increased, MMA spread across the temporal, frontal and parietal cortices, and each electrode yielded a larger MMA. Surprisingly, this increment in MMA largely depended on response augmentation to the oddball rather than on SSA to the repeated stimulus. Following sufficient repetition, the oddball evoked a spectral power increment in some electrodes on the frontal cortex that had shown no power increase to the stimuli with less or no preceding repetition. We thereby revealed that repetitive presentation of one stimulus not only leads to SSA but also facilitates the cortical response to oddballs involving a wide range of cortical regions. This facilitative effect might underlie the generation of MMN‐like scalp potentials in macaques that potentially shares similar neural mechanisms with MMN in humans.","PeriodicalId":79424,"journal":{"name":"Supplement ... to the European journal of neuroscience","volume":"57 1","pages":"516 - 528"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80504783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Phenotype‐dependent Ca2+ dynamics in single boutons of various anatomically identified GABAergic interneurons in the rat hippocampus 大鼠海马中各种解剖鉴定的gaba能中间神经元的单扣中表型依赖的Ca2+动力学

Supplement ... to the European journal of neuroscience Pub Date : 2015-12-19 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13131

T. Lőrincz, M. Kisfali, B. Lendvai, E. Sylvester Vizi

{"title":"Phenotype‐dependent Ca2+ dynamics in single boutons of various anatomically identified GABAergic interneurons in the rat hippocampus","authors":"T. Lőrincz, M. Kisfali, B. Lendvai, E. Sylvester Vizi","doi":"10.1111/ejn.13131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.13131","url":null,"abstract":"Interneurons (INs) of the hippocampus exert versatile inhibition on pyramidal cells by silencing the network at different oscillation frequencies. Although IN discharge can phase‐lock to various rhythms in the hippocampus, under high‐frequency axon firing, the boutons may not be able to follow the fast activity. Here, we studied Ca2+ responses to action potentials (APs) in single boutons using combined two‐photon microscopy and patch clamp electrophysiology in three types of INs: non‐fast‐spiking (NFS) neurons showing cannabinoid 1 receptor labelling and dendrite targeting, fast‐spiking partially parvalbumin‐positive cells synapsing with dendrites (DFS), and parvalbumin‐positive cells with perisomatic innervation (PFS). The increase in [Ca2+]i from AP trains was substantially higher in NFS boutons than in DFS or PFS boutons. The decay of bouton Ca2+ responses was markedly faster in DFS and PFS cells compared with NFS neurons. The bouton‐to‐bouton variability of AP‐evoked Ca2+ transients in the same axon was surprisingly low in each cell type. Importantly, local responses were saturated after shorter trains of APs in NFS cells than in PFS cells. This feature of fast‐spiking neurons might allow them to follow higher‐frequency gamma oscillations for a longer time than NFS cells. The function of NFS boutons may better support asynchronous GABA release. In conclusion, we demonstrate several neuron‐specific Ca2+ transients in boutons of NFS, PFS and DFS neurons, which may serve differential functions in hippocampal networks.","PeriodicalId":79424,"journal":{"name":"Supplement ... to the European journal of neuroscience","volume":"22 1","pages":"536 - 547"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82722774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Bimanual motor coordination controlled by cooperative interactions in intrinsic and extrinsic coordinates 由内在和外在坐标上的合作相互作用控制的双手运动协调

Supplement ... to the European journal of neuroscience Pub Date : 2015-12-16 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13123

Takeshi Sakurada, Koji Ito, H. Gomi

{"title":"Bimanual motor coordination controlled by cooperative interactions in intrinsic and extrinsic coordinates","authors":"Takeshi Sakurada, Koji Ito, H. Gomi","doi":"10.1111/ejn.13123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.13123","url":null,"abstract":"Although strong motor coordination in intrinsic muscle coordinates has frequently been reported for bimanual movements, coordination in extrinsic visual coordinates is also crucial in various bimanual tasks. To explore the bimanual coordination mechanisms in terms of the frame of reference, here we characterized implicit bilateral interactions in visuomotor tasks. Visual perturbations (finger‐cursor gain change) were applied while participants performed a rhythmic tracking task with both index fingers under an in‐phase or anti‐phase relationship in extrinsic coordinates. When they corrected the right finger's amplitude, the left finger's amplitude unintentionally also changed [motor interference (MI)], despite the instruction to keep its amplitude constant. Notably, we observed two specificities: one was large MI and low relative‐phase variability (PV) under the intrinsic in‐phase condition, and the other was large MI and high PV under the extrinsic in‐phase condition. Additionally, using a multiple‐interaction model, we successfully decomposed MI into intrinsic components caused by motor correction and extrinsic components caused by visual‐cursor mismatch of the right finger's movements. This analysis revealed that the central nervous system facilitates MI by combining intrinsic and extrinsic components in the condition with in‐phases in both intrinsic and extrinsic coordinates, and that under‐additivity of the effects is explained by the brain's preference for the intrinsic interaction over extrinsic interaction. In contrast, the PV was significantly correlated with the intrinsic component, suggesting that the intrinsic interaction dominantly contributed to bimanual movement stabilization. The inconsistent features of MI and PV suggest that the central nervous system regulates multiple levels of bilateral interactions for various bimanual tasks.","PeriodicalId":79424,"journal":{"name":"Supplement ... to the European journal of neuroscience","volume":"69 1","pages":"120 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83196242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Dopaminergic modulation of long-lasting direct current-induced cortical excitability changes in the human motor cortex. 长时直流电诱导的人类运动皮层兴奋性变化的多巴胺能调节。

Supplement ... to the European journal of neuroscience Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1055/S-2006-952984

M. Nitsche, C. Lampe, A. Antal, D. Liebetanz, N. Lang, F. Tergau, W. Paulus

{"title":"Dopaminergic modulation of long-lasting direct current-induced cortical excitability changes in the human motor cortex.","authors":"M. Nitsche, C. Lampe, A. Antal, D. Liebetanz, N. Lang, F. Tergau, W. Paulus","doi":"10.1055/S-2006-952984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-952984","url":null,"abstract":"Dopaminergic mechanisms participate in N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent neuroplasticity, as animal experiments have shown. This may be similar in humans, where dopamine influences learning and memory. We tested the role of dopamine in human cortical neuroplasticity. Changes of excitability were induced by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). D2 receptor blocking by sulpiride abolished the induction of after-effects nearly completely. D1 activation alone in the presence of D2 receptor blocking induced by co-administration of sulpiride and pergolide did not re-establish the excitability changes induced by tDCS. This suggests that D2 receptors play a major supporting role in inducing neuroplasticity in the human motor cortex. Enhancement of D2 and, to a lesser degree, D1 receptors by pergolide consolidated tDCS-generated excitability diminution until the morning after stimulation. The readiest explanation for this pattern of results is that D2 receptor activation has a consolidation-enhancing effect on tDCS-induced changes of excitability in the human cortex. The results of this study underscore the importance of the dopaminergic system for human neuroplasticity, suggest a first pharmacological add-on mechanism to prolong the excitability-diminishing effects of cathodal tDCS for up to 24 h after stimulation, and thus render the application of tDCS practicable in diseases displaying enhanced cortical excitability, e.g. migraine and epilepsy.","PeriodicalId":79424,"journal":{"name":"Supplement ... to the European journal of neuroscience","volume":"28 1","pages":"1651-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79218242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 148

Cognitive tuning of corticospinal excitability during human gait: adaptation to the phase. 人类步态中皮质脊髓兴奋性的认知调节:对阶段的适应。

Supplement ... to the European journal of neuroscience Pub Date : 2005-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0966-6362(05)80233-4

M. Camus, J. Pailhous, M. Bonnard

引用次数: 6

Pravastatin reduces microvascular basal lamina damage following focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. 普伐他汀减少局灶性脑缺血再灌注后微血管基板损伤。

Supplement ... to the European journal of neuroscience Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-833388

Andreas Trinkl, M. Vosko, N. Wunderlich, M. Dichgans, G. Hamann

{"title":"Pravastatin reduces microvascular basal lamina damage following focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.","authors":"Andreas Trinkl, M. Vosko, N. Wunderlich, M. Dichgans, G. Hamann","doi":"10.1055/s-2004-833388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-833388","url":null,"abstract":"Transient ischemia has been shown to damage the basal lamina of the cerebral microvasculature. Other studies proved statins to be beneficial to non-cerebral microvessels. The aim of this study was to determine whether pravastatin pretreatment ameliorates microvascular basal lamina damage following transient ischemia. Using the suture model, we subjected 15 rats to focal ischemia (3 h) and reperfusion (24 h). Rats received pravastatin (20 mg/kg/day) or saline for 4 weeks prior to the experiment. The outcome was determined by a behavior test and the infarct size. Collagen type IV, a marker for an intact basal lamina, and hemoglobin extravasation were measured by Western blot analysis. A ratio (in percentage) between ischemic and contralateral hemispheres was calculated. Pravastatin pretreatment resulted in a significantly better neurological outcome and reduced infarct size (15 +/- 0.5 and 59 +/- 10 mm(3), respectively) compared with controls (12.25 +/- 0.4 and 167 +/- 13 mm(3), respectively, P < 0.01 for both). In controls, loss of collagen type IV was seen in the basal ganglia and in the cortex (43 +/- 4 and 64 +/- 5%, respectively). Pravastatin prevented significant collagen loss (basal ganglia: 106 +/- 17%; cortex: 112 +/- 14%, P < 0.01 for both) and significantly reduced the hemoglobin extravasation compared with controls in the basal ganglia (198 +/- 49 vs. 553 +/- 47%, P < 0.01). Pravastatin pretreatment resulted in a reduction of microvascular basal lamina damage and hemoglobin extravasation following transient ischemia. Pravastatin seems to protect the cerebral microvascular system.","PeriodicalId":79424,"journal":{"name":"Supplement ... to the European journal of neuroscience","volume":"7 1","pages":"520-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76966729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18