{"title":"[Myelitis].","authors":"H. Shoji","doi":"10.32388/35casr","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/35casr","url":null,"abstract":"Acute transverse myelitis (ATM) with moderate symptomatology and smaller multiple magnetic resonance imaging lesions is often caused by multiple sclerosis. Severe ATM with extensive magnetic resonance imaging lesions with or without associated meningitis often has a viral cause, particularly in the younger age groups, whereas vascular disorders may prevail among older patients. Previously, one had to rely on indirect evidence such as viral serology or viral identification in throat washings to confirm a diagnosis of myelitis. Thus, mycoplasma myelitis may occur coincident with a mycoplasma pneumonia. Viral myelitis is now often diagnosed by specific polymerase chain reaction of the cerebrospinal fluid, for echovirus, Coxsackie virus, mumps virus, herpes simplex virus or varicella-zoster virus, but an autoimmune component may still be important. An anterior horn syndrome may be produced by the tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus. Severe ATM may also be a postinfectious or postvaccinal disorder [i.e. a partial acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)]. Neuromyelitis optica, a combination of severe myelitis and optic neuritis, is often a manifestation of ADEM or systemic lupus erythematosus. Many of these disorders are potentially treatable with specific antiviral agents or immunosuppression. 'Idiopathic' ATM is probably a consequence of inadequate examination and follow up. The differential diagnoses-viral myelitis, multiple sclerosis, ADEM, neuromyelitis optica, spinal arteriovenous malformation and arteritis-should be considered and are usually identified by a rapid diagnostic work-up, leaving few ATM cases undiagnosed.","PeriodicalId":79374,"journal":{"name":"Ryoikibetsu shokogun shirizu","volume":"30 1","pages":"46-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75763220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Empyema with fistula].","authors":"K. Tatsumi, T. Kuriyama","doi":"10.32388/exg678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/exg678","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79374,"journal":{"name":"Ryoikibetsu shokogun shirizu","volume":"43 1","pages":"835-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78545754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Epstein syndrome].","authors":"F. Niimura","doi":"10.1002/0471684228.egp04110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/0471684228.egp04110","url":null,"abstract":"An autosomal dominant disorder characterized by thrombocytopenia, giant platelets, nephritis, and deafness; it is associated with mutation of the MYH9 gene.","PeriodicalId":79374,"journal":{"name":"Ryoikibetsu shokogun shirizu","volume":"135 1","pages":"503-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73337008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Normokalemic periodic paralysis].","authors":"T. Kurihara","doi":"10.32388/q2z84j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/q2z84j","url":null,"abstract":"An autosomal dominant inherited non-dystrophic myotonia caused by mutations of the SCN4A gene, resulting in sodium muscle channelopathy. Currently, it is considered a variant of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. Patients with normokalemic periodic paralysis do not have any change in their potassium levels during weakness, but become weak when they ingest potassium.","PeriodicalId":79374,"journal":{"name":"Ryoikibetsu shokogun shirizu","volume":"72 1","pages":"134-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80434163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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