{"title":"[Anti-estrogens, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM), tibolone: modes of action].","authors":"T Maudelonde, J P Brouillet, P Pujol","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The regulation of estrogen-induced cellular effects is a multistep molecular process. The diversity of estrogen and anti-estrogen effects on cellular functions is also modulate by tissue and gene specificity. This diversity may be explained by different levels of molecular regulation, including the presence of two distinct estrogen receptor isoforms (ER alpha and ER beta), their binding to activator or corepressor transcriptional proteins, and their affinity to different DNA binding domains of target genes (estrogen responsive element or API). These mechanisms may account for the specific responses to estrogens or anti-estrogens according to tissue, cell or gene level. The anti-estrogen tamoxifen, in vitro, inhibits the estrogen-induced proliferation of breast cancer cells and, in vivo, enhances long-term prognosis of patients having ER positive breast cancer when it is used as an adjuvant treatment. The partial agonist effect of anti-estrogens such as raloxifene, is observed only on bones and vessels but not in endometrium. Tibolone is another class of ER modulators which acts as a prodrug. It is metabolized in compounds activating nuclear receptors (androgen and progesterone receptors) which modify the ER level and estrogen metabolism. The improvement of current knowledge on the cellular mechanisms of estrogen and anti-estrogens action should allow the elaboration new therapeutic approaches on specific functions involved in estrogen-dependent pathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":79332,"journal":{"name":"Contraception, fertilite, sexualite (1992)","volume":"27 9","pages":"620-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21402446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Intra-uterine insemination].","authors":"J Belaisch-Allart, J M Mayenga, M Plachot","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial insemination has been proposed for a number of years in the treatment of unexplained or male factors related to infertility with very low results. In recent years, the association of intra-uterine insemination with gonadotropin ovulation induction has demonstrated its effectiveness and it is now the first treatment to propose in these cases before in vitro fertilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":79332,"journal":{"name":"Contraception, fertilite, sexualite (1992)","volume":"27 9","pages":"614-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21402444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Ovulation].","authors":"C Thibault","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review summarizes our knowledge on ovulation process. After gonadotropin surge or LH injection, 13 factors are involved in the follicular rupture. All of them plays a role since the inhibition of their synthesis or activity prevents the rupture of preovulatory follicles or reduces the number of ovulations. Most of them are involved in all inflammatory reactions. At the apex of the follicle, blood vessels constriction, free TNF alpha and probably factors from the ovarian epithelium cells are involved in the full dissociation of follicle layers and cell death, allowing the localized rupture of the follicle wall. Gonadotrophins and angiotensine II are the only factors able to induce both follicle rupture and meiotic resumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":79332,"journal":{"name":"Contraception, fertilite, sexualite (1992)","volume":"27 9","pages":"605-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21402540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Profound endometriosis and infertility. Fertility results after laparoscopic treatment of profound endometriosis infiltrating the uterosacral ligaments].","authors":"C Chapron, X Fritel, J B Dubuisson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79332,"journal":{"name":"Contraception, fertilite, sexualite (1992)","volume":"27 9","pages":"I-VI"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21402448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Theory and practice in daily prescriptions in an obstetric office. Antibiotics].","authors":"A Fournié","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79332,"journal":{"name":"Contraception, fertilite, sexualite (1992)","volume":"27 9","pages":"583-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21402536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Preimplantation genetic diagnosis using the FISH technic].","authors":"M Plachot","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79332,"journal":{"name":"Contraception, fertilite, sexualite (1992)","volume":"27 7-8","pages":"491-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21359549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Hormone antagonists: general principles and practical therapeutic use of hormone antagonists].","authors":"P Lefebvre","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79332,"journal":{"name":"Contraception, fertilite, sexualite (1992)","volume":"27 7-8","pages":"495-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21359550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}