Advances in neuroimmunology最新文献_第9页

An experimental model system for HIV-1-induced brain injury hiv -1脑损伤的实验模型系统

Advances in neuroimmunology Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80256-1

Howard E. Gendelman , Peter Genis , Marti Jett , Qi-hui Zhai , Hans S.L.M. Nottet

{"title":"An experimental model system for HIV-1-induced brain injury","authors":"Howard E. Gendelman , Peter Genis , Marti Jett , Qi-hui Zhai , Hans S.L.M. Nottet","doi":"10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80256-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80256-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The pathological hallmark of HIV infection in brain is productive viral replication in cells of mononuclear phagocyte lineage including brain macrophages, microglia and multinucleated giant cells (Koenig et al., 1986; Wiley et al., 1986; Gabuzda et al., 1986; Stoler et al., 1986). These cells secrete viral and cell encoded neurotoxins that lead to neuronal injury, glial proliferation and myelin pallor during advancing disease (Genis et al., 1992; Giulian et al., 1990, 1993; Pulliam et al., 1991). The apparent paradox between the distribution and numbers of virus infected cells and brain tissue pathology support indirect mechanisms for CNS damage (Epstein, 1993; Geleziunas et al., 1992; Merrill and Chen, 1992; Michaels et al., 1988; Price et al., 1988). First, brain macrophages and microglia can produce neurotoxins by secretion of viral proteins (for example, gp120) (Dawson et al., 1991; Merrill et al., 1989; Lipton et al., 1990; Lipton, 1993). Second, HIV primes macrophages for immune activation to produce neurotoxins including: cytokines (TNF(α and IL-1β), eicosanoids, quinolinate and nitric oxide (NO). Chronic immune stimulation mediated by opportunistic infections and chronic interferon gamma (IFNγ) production (in and outside the CNS) continues the process of macrophage activation leading to progressive neural injury. The hyperresponsiveness of HIV-infected macrophages to activation results in production of cellular factors that activate uninfected macrophages. This suggests that HIV-infected macrophages are both perpetrators and amplifiers for neurotoxic activities.</div>","PeriodicalId":79314,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neuroimmunology","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 189-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80256-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18873488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 61

Interrelations among patterns of change in neurocognitive, CT brain imaging and CD4 measures associated with anti-retroviral therapy in children with symptomatic HIV infection 有症状的HIV感染儿童抗逆转录病毒治疗相关的神经认知、CT脑成像和CD4变化模式的相互关系

Advances in neuroimmunology Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80260-3

Pim Brouwers, Charles DeCarli , Gareth Tudor-Williams , Lucy Civitello , Howard Moss , Philip Pizzo

{"title":"Interrelations among patterns of change in neurocognitive, CT brain imaging and CD4 measures associated with anti-retroviral therapy in children with symptomatic HIV infection","authors":"Pim Brouwers, Charles DeCarli , Gareth Tudor-Williams , Lucy Civitello , Howard Moss , Philip Pizzo","doi":"10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80260-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80260-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The interrelationships of patterns of change and variability between baseline and after 6 months of anti-retroviral therapy in neurocognitive, brain imaging, and immune measures were studied in 77 children with symptomatic HIV disease.Overall improvement in CNS structure/function after 6 months of anti-retroviral therapy was limited; new intracerebral calcifications tended to occur and old ones tended to progress in young children with vertically acquired HIV infection, despite treatment. Substantial inter-individual differences in change were however observed. Factors which explained part of the variance in the magnitude and direction of change were baseline structural and functional abnormalities, rating of degree of CNS penetration of the drug protocol, and concurrent changes on other variables. These preliminary data suggest that CNS specific effects of therapies as well as pretreatment status of CNS function/structure need to be taken into consideration when evaluating future trials of anti-retroviral therapy for children with symptomatic HIV infection.</div>","PeriodicalId":79314,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neuroimmunology","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 223-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80260-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18874050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 30

Idiotypes in myasthenia gravis 重症肌无力的独特型

Advances in neuroimmunology Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0960-5428(94)00039-Q

Ann Kari Lefvert

引用次数: 4

The effect of chronic stress on the immune response 慢性应激对免疫反应的影响

Advances in neuroimmunology Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80186-5

Will T. Kort

引用次数: 43

gp120 as an etiologic agent for NeuroAIDS: Neurotoxicity and model systems gp120作为神经aids的病原:神经毒性和模型系统

Advances in neuroimmunology Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80252-4

Douglas E. Brenneman , Susan K. McCune , Ronald F. Mervis , Joanna M. Hill'

{"title":"gp120 as an etiologic agent for NeuroAIDS: Neurotoxicity and model systems","authors":"Douglas E. Brenneman , Susan K. McCune , Ronald F. Mervis , Joanna M. Hill'","doi":"10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80252-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80252-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The search for an agent that can mediate the symptoms of NeuroAIDS has been directed at gp120, the major envelope protein from HIV. The toxicity associated with gp120 was examined as a model and predictor of the neuropathological and neuropsychiatric manifestations of AIDS. Studies of the neurotoxic effects of purified gp120 on neurons from the rodent CNS cell cultures indicated the following: potent and selective killing of subpopulations of hippocampal neurons; varying potency of gp120s obtained from various HIV isolates; complete and potent protection from gp120 killing action after treatment with peptides related to vasoactive intestinal peptide; and obligatory presence of glia for gp120-related toxicity. Investigations of gp120 treatment of rodents revealed: cortical neurodystrophy with reduced arborizations and swollen processes; delays in developmental behaviors involving motor skills; peptide T prevention or attenuation of the morphological and behavioral deficits/delays produced by administration of gp120; and impairment of learning in the Morris swim maze. In addition, studies of subcutaneously administered, radiolabeled gp120 in neonatal animals demonstrated the presence of toxic fragments of gp120 in the developing brain. With the use of model test systems of non-human derived cell cultures and neonatal rats, we have captured and predicted a number of the morphological and behavioral deficits associated with AIDS. These multi-disciplinary studies of the actions of gp120 and associated fragments in rodents and rodent cells predict that the loss of cognitive and neurological function in patients with AIDS are attributed in part to interference of critical brain functions by the envelope protein, gp120.</div>","PeriodicalId":79314,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neuroimmunology","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 157-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80252-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18871663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 44

Cytokine dysregulation in HIV-associated neurological disease hiv相关神经系统疾病中的细胞因子失调

Advances in neuroimmunology Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80258-5

S.L. Wesselingh , J. Glass , J.C. McArthur , J.W. Griffin , D.E. Griffin

{"title":"Cytokine dysregulation in HIV-associated neurological disease","authors":"S.L. Wesselingh , J. Glass , J.C. McArthur , J.W. Griffin , D.E. Griffin","doi":"10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80258-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80258-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>AIDS is associated with three major neurological syndromes: dementia (HIVD), vacuolar myelopathy (VM) and plainful sensory neuropathy (PSN). The pathogenesis of these conditions remains unclear although they all demonstrate a marked increase in macrophage number and activation despite systemic immunosuppression. It was therefore of interest to determine the profile of cytokine and HIV expression in brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves of AIDS patients with AD, VM and PSN, as compared to AIDS patients without neurological disease and seronegative controls.RNA was extracted from brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerve and RT/PCR for cytokine and HIV mRNA was performed. In situ RT/PCR was performed to determine the number and type of cells expressing cytokine message and this was compared o the number of cells containing HIV DNA detected with in situ PCR.We found a consistent profile of increased TNFα and decreased IFNγ and IL4 in all three syndromes compared to AIDS patients without neurological disease. IL1 did not increase in parallel with TNFα IL10 was decreased in the VM tissue. HIV transcripts were increased in the AD brains compared to non-demented controls but were detected only occasionally in spinal cord and not at all in peripheral nerve. Preliminary data from in situ RT/PCR suggests that a large number of cells are expressing. TNFα but only a small number are infected with HIV.The finding of elevated TNFα associated with increased macrophage activation and decreased IL4 suggests that the loss of a subset of T cells expressing macrophage regulatory lymphokines such as IL4 and IL10 may explain the observed macrophage activation seen in the neurological diseases associated with AIDS and play a role in the development of neuronal dysfunction.</div>","PeriodicalId":79314,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neuroimmunology","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 199-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80258-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18874048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 81

Endogenous morphine and related opiates, a new class of chemical messengers 内源性吗啡及相关阿片类物质，一类新的化学信使

Advances in neuroimmunology Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0960-5428(05)80001-4

George B. Stefano , Berta Scharrer

引用次数: 152

The role of major histocompatibility complex genes in myasthenia gravis and experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis pathogenesis 主要组织相容性复合体基因在重症肌无力及实验性自身免疫性重症肌无力发病机制中的作用

Advances in neuroimmunology Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0960-5428(94)00012-D

Rashmi Kaul, Mohan Shenoy, Premkumar Christadoss

引用次数: 16

Investigation of HIV-infected macrophage neurotoxin production from patients with AIDS dementia 艾滋病性痴呆患者hiv感染巨噬细胞产生神经毒素的研究

Advances in neuroimmunology Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80257-3

Lynn Pulliam , Jessica A. Clarke , Dawn McGuire , Michael S. McGrath

引用次数: 31

Morphine and its psychiatric implications 吗啡及其精神病学意义

Advances in neuroimmunology Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0960-5428(05)80006-3

Gregory L. Fricchione , Alejandro Mendoza , George B. Stefano

引用次数: 34