Advances in neuroimmunology最新文献_第10页

The use of morphine in surgery: An overview 吗啡在外科手术中的应用:综述

Advances in neuroimmunology Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0960-5428(05)80007-5

Thomas V. Bilfinger, Vadim Kushnerik

引用次数: 8

Human neural xenografts: Progress in developing an in-vivo model to study human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection 人类神经异种移植:研究人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)和人类巨细胞病毒(HCMV)感染的体内模型的进展

Advances in neuroimmunology Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80264-0

Leon G. Epstein , Therese A. Cvetkovich , Eliot S. Lazar , David DiLoreto , Yoshihiro Saito , Harold James , Coca del Cerro , Hideto Kaneshima , J.M. McCune , William J. Britt , Manuel del Cerro

{"title":"Human neural xenografts: Progress in developing an in-vivo model to study human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection","authors":"Leon G. Epstein , Therese A. Cvetkovich , Eliot S. Lazar , David DiLoreto , Yoshihiro Saito , Harold James , Coca del Cerro , Hideto Kaneshima , J.M. McCune , William J. Britt , Manuel del Cerro","doi":"10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80264-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80264-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is highly specific for its human host. In order to study HIV-1 infection of the human nervous system, we have established a small animal model in which second-trimester (11–17.5 weeks) human fetal brain or neural retina is transplanted into the anterior chamber of the eye of immunosuppressed adult rats (Epstein et al., 1992; Cvetkovich et al., 1992), and more recently in immunodeficient (SCID) mice. The human xenografts survive for many months, vascularize and form a blood-brain barrier. Immunohistochemistry with PGP 9.5 identified neuronal cell bodies and neuritic processes. Electron microscopy revealed axonal growth cones and synaptic junctions. Infection of these xenografts with cell-free HIV-1 proved difficult, however co-engraftment with HIV-1-infected human monocytes resulted in characteristic pathological changes, including the formation of syncytial giant cells, neuronal loss, and astroglial proliferation, supporting the hypothesis that these cells can mediate neurotoxicity. In other studies, xenografts of human fetal retinal tissue were readily infected with cell-free human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) strain AD169. These grafts contained cells with intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions typical of HCMV infection. Productive infection within these grafts was demonstrated by the presence of immediate early, and late (capsid) HCMV antigens, by recovery of HCMV on human fibroblast cultures, and by serial passage of virus to additional retinal xenografts (DiLoreto et al., 1994). The aim of these studies is to develop a small animal model to study direct and indirect effects of HIV-1 infection on human neural tissues, and to study interactions between HIV-1 and other opportunistic pathogens such as HCMV. This model should prove useful in evaluating antiviral therapies.</div>","PeriodicalId":79314,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neuroimmunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80264-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18872177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

In vivo model of HIV infection of the human brain HIV感染人脑的体内模型

Advances in neuroimmunology Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80265-2

Cristian L. Achim, Clayton A. Wiley

{"title":"In vivo model of HIV infection of the human brain","authors":"Cristian L. Achim, Clayton A. Wiley","doi":"10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80265-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80265-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Approximately one quarter of AIDS patients develop neurologic symptoms attributable to HIV infection within the brain. Previous studies suggest that HIV associated neurologic damage may be mediated by immune factors secreted by activated/infected CNS macrophages. We developed an in vivo system in which human embryonic brain tissue can be infected with HIV and the associated pathology monitored. In this model, dissociated human brain tissue is grown in vitro as single cell suspension in serum free medium. Fetal neural cells aggregate and form “brain microspheres” that are then transplanted into SLID mice. Pilot studies suggest that “brain microspheres” injected in the fat pad of SCID mice differentiate and survive for several months in vivo. Study of these grafts shows presence of functional neural cells and vascular organization suggesting a blood-brain barrier. When brain microspheres are co-cultured in vitro with HIV-infected human macrophages, virus is detected inside the human neural tissue grafts in SCID mice and measurements of viral and immune factors can be performed. To promote physiologic neuronal differentiation within the human grafts, implantation in the brain of SCID mice is being tested at the present time.</div>","PeriodicalId":79314,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neuroimmunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80265-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18872178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Neuroglial-specific factors and the regulation of retrovirus transcription 神经胶质特异性因子与逆转录病毒转录调控

Advances in neuroimmunology Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80271-8

Maribeth Tillmann, Fred C. Krebs , Renee Wessner , Steven M. Pomeroy , Maureen M. Goodenow , Brian Wigdahl

引用次数: 10

Measurement of CNS HIV burden and its association with neurologic damage 中枢神经系统HIV负荷的测量及其与神经损伤的关系

Advances in neuroimmunology Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80272-X

Clayton A. Wiley , Eliezer Masliah , Cristian L. Achim

引用次数: 34

Clinical comparison of adult and pediatric NeuroAIDS 成人与儿童神经aids的临床比较

Advances in neuroimmunology Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80259-7

Mark Mintz

{"title":"Clinical comparison of adult and pediatric NeuroAIDS","authors":"Mark Mintz","doi":"10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80259-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80259-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1)-associated neurologic disease occurs as the initial presenting clinical manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 3–7% of infected patients, but in up to 18% of children and adolescents (Janssen, 1992; Janssen et al., 1992; Scott et al., 1989; Mintz et al., 1989a; Epstein et al., 1986). The overall prevalence of dementia in adult AIDS patients is 7.3–11.3% (Janssen, 1992), but up to 30–60% of children with AIDS manifest an analogous progressive encephalopathy (Epstein et al., 1986; Belman et al., 1988; Mintz, 1992; The European Collaborative Study, 1990). As a result of both direct and indirect effects of HIV-1 infection of the central nervous system (CNS), a distinct clinical and pathologic picture has emerged of insidious and severe neurologic deterioration, termed “AIDS Dementia Complex” (ADC) in adults, and “HIV-1-associated Progressive Encephalopathy” (PE) in children (Working Group, 1991) (see Table 1). In the severe manifestations of this pariah, there is little dispute as to the necessity of CNS HIV-1 infection for precipitating the cascade of adverse neurologic symptoms, although the pathogenic mechanisms of neurologic dysfunction and destruction— whether a result of direct cellular infection of HIV, secondarily produced and upregulated cytotoxic cytokines, or co-infection with opportunistic pathogens— remains an area of active research (Epstein and Gendelman, 1993; Fiala et al., 1993; Wiley and Nelson, 1988; Saito et al., 1994; Koenig et al., 1986; Sharer, 1992). Furthermore, the existence of systemic immune deficiency renders the CNS susceptible to opportunistic infection (OI), particularly in adult patients, adding further to morbidity and mortality (Clifford and Campbell, 1992). With the introduction of antiretroviral nucleoside analogues, there have been reports of a decreasing incidence of ADC (Portegies et al., 1989; Day et al., 1992), and amelioration—at least temporarily of PE in children (Pizzo et al., 1988; Mintz and Epstein, 1992; Brouwers et al., 1990; Mintz et al., 1990). This appends further evidence to the central precipitating role of CNS HIV-1 infection.There is much debate whether there exists any subclinical neurologic dysfunction during the asymptomatic stages of systemic infection (Janssen et al., 1989; Karlsen et al., 1993; McArthur et al., 1989a; Selnes et al., 1990). Perplexities are injected from the many environmental confounders impacting on psychometric testing (McArthur et al., 1989a; Satz et al., 1993; Wilkins et al., 1990).Although many analogies exist between ADC and PE, there are interesting differences and distinct contrasts between the two populations. Careful study and comparisons of these divergences are important for understandin","PeriodicalId":79314,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neuroimmunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80259-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18874049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 64

Morphine receptors in immunocytes and neurons 免疫细胞和神经元中的吗啡受体

Advances in neuroimmunology Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0960-5428(05)80002-6

Maynard H. Makman

{"title":"Morphine receptors in immunocytes and neurons","authors":"Maynard H. Makman","doi":"10.1016/S0960-5428(05)80002-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0960-5428(05)80002-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Receptor interactions of morphine are reviewed, with particular attention given to a recently discovered opiate receptor, designated μ3, with unique selectivity for morphine and certain other opiate alkaloids. Morphine, other opiate alkaloids and related analogs are known to bind to the classical σ, R and is opioid receptor subtypes. Each of these subtypes also binds one or more of the endogenous opioid peptides with high affinity. Immunocytes have recently been found to contain a unique receptor for morphine, capable of binding morphine and certain other opiate alkaloids, but with essentially no or exceedingly low affinity for the naturally occurring endogenous opioid peptides or peptide analogs. This putative μ3 (morphine/opiate alkaloid) receptor is present in invertebrate immunocytes as well as in human peripheral blood monocytes (macrophages). More recently this same receptor has been found in certain established macrophage cell lines and in human peripheral blood granulocytes. Finally, the same or closely related opiate alkaloid-selective (μ3) receptor has been found to be present in a neuroblastoma and in a hybrid neural cell line. Studies indicate that in the immunocytes the receptor mediates inhibitory effects of morphine on cellular chemotaxis. While the functional coupling of this receptor in neurons is not known, it is postulated that the receptor may mediate effects of opiates on neuronal differentiation and cell division as well as neuronal transmission. Both for the immune system and the nervous system, the μ3 receptor may constitute a major site of action for putative endogenous morphine or morphine-like substances. This receptor system also provides an additional pharmacological site of action for exogenously administered opiate alkaloid drugs. The μ3 receptor is proposed to be an important neuro-immune link. This system is likely to play a significant role in a variety of responses involving the immune system, including the response of the organism to stress, infection and malignant transformation.</div>","PeriodicalId":79314,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neuroimmunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0960-5428(05)80002-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18948867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 74

Biochemical isolation and detection of morphine 吗啡的生化分离与检测

Advances in neuroimmunology Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0960-5428(05)80004-X

Michael K. Leung

引用次数: 5

gp120 neurotoxicity in primary cortical cultures Gp120在原代皮层培养中的神经毒性

Advances in neuroimmunology Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0960-5428(06)80253-6

Ted M. Dawson , Valina L. Dawson

引用次数: 26

The role of the thymus in myasthenia gravis 胸腺在重症肌无力中的作用

Advances in neuroimmunology Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0960-5428(94)00040-U

Reinhard Hohlfeld , Hartmut Wekerle

引用次数: 50