{"title":"Neuroimmune and neuropsychiatric aspects of chronic fatigue syndrome","authors":"Lauren B. Krupp, Dean Pollina","doi":"10.1016/0960-5428(96)00014-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0960-5428(96)00014-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79314,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neuroimmunology","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 155-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0960-5428(96)00014-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19841689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychoneuroimmunology and cancer: Historical perspectives and current research","authors":"Alison Fife, Pamela J. Beasley, Debra L. Fertig","doi":"10.1016/0960-5428(96)00016-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0960-5428(96)00016-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The belief that cancer might be related to temperament or distress has been emphasized throughout the history of medicine. The field of psychoneuroimmunology has its origins in psychosomatic medicine, and has evolved to the investigations of complex interactions between the psyche and the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems. Such interactions may have implications in both cancer risk and survival.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":79314,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neuroimmunology","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 179-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0960-5428(96)00016-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19841693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Oberholtzer , M. Contarini , F. Veglia , A. Cossarizza , C. Franceschi , M. Geuna , M. Provinciali , G. Di Stefano , J. Sissom , M.F. Brizzi , L. Pegoraro , L. Matera
{"title":"Prolactin increases the susceptibility of primary leukemia cells to NK and LAK effectors","authors":"E. Oberholtzer , M. Contarini , F. Veglia , A. Cossarizza , C. Franceschi , M. Geuna , M. Provinciali , G. Di Stefano , J. Sissom , M.F. Brizzi , L. Pegoraro , L. Matera","doi":"10.1016/S0960-5428(96)00019-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0960-5428(96)00019-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Our previous studies have shown that prolactin (PRL), a pituitary and lymphocyte hormone and a ligand of the cytokine/hemopoietin receptors (R) superfamily, acts synergistically with interleukin (IL)-2 on the development of lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells and enhances the effects of GM-CSF and IL-3 on myeloid progenitors' proliferation and differentiation. More recently, we have demonstrated that GM-CSF and IL-3 increase the sensitivity of acute myeloid leukemic (AML) cells to LAK activity. Together, these findings have prompted us to study the role of PRL on the target arm of the LAK response. We show here that CD33+ blasts from AML patients express membrane PRL-R and that the PRL/PRL-R interaction is followed by increased susceptibility to natural killer (NK) (<em>p</em> < 0.02) and LAK (<em>p</em> < 0.001) cells. As predicted from the dimerization model of PRL-R and in agreement with previous reports, the response of AML blasts to PRL was bell-shaped with a trend peak at 25 ng/ml. Although enhanced lysis occurred at the target recognition level, it was not accompanied by changes in the MHC class I, cellular adhesion molecules, or myeloid differentiation antigens. Cell cycle recruitment and lysis increased concurrently in three cases studied, suggesting a modulatory action of PRL on the expression of putative cycle-related NK/LAK-target structures. Together, these data strengthen the role of PRL in the LAK response.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":79314,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neuroimmunology","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 233-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0960-5428(96)00019-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19930689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regulation of astrocyte cell biology by the cAMP/protein kinase A signaling pathway","authors":"Brandon S. Huneycutt, Etty N. Benveniste","doi":"10.1016/0960-5428(95)00022-T","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0960-5428(95)00022-T","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79314,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neuroimmunology","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 261-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0960-5428(95)00022-T","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19721290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"NO-synthase: What can research on invertebrates add to what is already known?","authors":"Kjell U.I. Johansson, Mats Carlberg","doi":"10.1016/0960-5428(95)00027-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0960-5428(95)00027-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study attempts to review presently known data regarding the distribution of nitrix oxide (NO) synthase and the function of NO in invertebrate species. NO is synthesized from <span>l</span>-arginine by the enzyme NO-synthase, and activates guanylate cyclase which in turn leads to an increase in levels of cGMP in target cells. Major contributions to the knowledge of NO as a messenger molecule in invertebrates have been made by NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry and biochemical assays. These techniques suggest the presence of a <span>l</span>-arginine/NO pathway in a variety of tissues, thus implicating muliple roles for NO in invertebrates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":79314,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neuroimmunology","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 431-442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0960-5428(95)00027-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19718520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards a molecular biology of the circadian clock and sleep of mammals","authors":"Priyattam J. Shiromani , William J. Schwartz","doi":"10.1016/0960-5428(95)00011-P","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0960-5428(95)00011-P","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Behavioral states of rest and activity are temporally organized. Since the beginning of life on Earth, plants and animals have been forced to adapt to the daily rhythm of the planet's rotation about its axis. In complex vertebrates (birds and mammals), rest and activity have evolved into the electrophysiologically and behaviorally distinct states of sleep and wakefulness. The evolutionary emergence of bouts of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep may be even more recent; the echidna, one of the earliest mammals, lacks this sleep stage (Siegel <em>et al.</em>, 1994). The cycling of these behavioral states is under neural control, and much is known about their cellular basis, but the underlying events at the molecular level are virtually unknown. Here each of us highlights some of the new approaches for investigating the molecular substrate for behavioral state control of circadian rhythmicity (WJS) and sleep (PJS) in mammals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":79314,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neuroimmunology","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 217-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0960-5428(95)00011-P","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18504652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Grazia De Simoni , Luca Imeri , Walter De Matteo , Carlo Perego , Sylvie Simard , Salvatore Terrazzino
{"title":"Sleep regulation: Interactions among cytokines and classical neurotransmitters","authors":"Maria Grazia De Simoni , Luca Imeri , Walter De Matteo , Carlo Perego , Sylvie Simard , Salvatore Terrazzino","doi":"10.1016/0960-5428(95)00008-P","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0960-5428(95)00008-P","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The role of classical neurotransmitters in sleep regulation is amply documented (Hobson and Steriade, 1986). In recent years evidence has been gathered that immunoactive molecules, infectious agents and their components, or cytokines play some part in sleep regulation (Krueger and Obál, 1994; Opp <em>et al.</em>, 1992; Moldofsky, 1994). Different cytokines possess hypnogenic properties when injected centrally or systemically to different animal species and their role in physiological sleep regulation is currently under investigation. Little is known of how cytokines and classical neurotransmitters interact and of the relevance of this interaction in sleep induction and maintenance.</p><p>The present paper (i) reviews data on this topic; (ii) proposes a unitary interpretation whenever possible; and (iii) raises questions that might be addressed by future studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":79314,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neuroimmunology","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 189-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0960-5428(95)00008-P","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18505416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of nitric oxide in cell-mediated tumor cytotoxicity","authors":"M.Grazia Cifone , Luisa Cironi , M.Antonietta Meccia , Paola Roncaioli , Claudio Festuccia , Gasperina De Nuntiis , Simona D'Aló , Angela Santoni","doi":"10.1016/0960-5428(95)00028-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0960-5428(95)00028-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Strong and increasing evidence shows that nitric oxide (NO) contributes to immune function, and in particular to ‘non-specific host defense’. The aim of the present review was to focus the current understanding of the role of NO as a biochemical effector of <span>l</span>-arginine-dependent cell-mediated immune responses to neoplastic cells <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>. The cytokine-inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) seems to mainly be implicated in the cytotoxic activity of almost all the effector cells involved in tumor cell killing. The cytotoxic actions of NO against tumor cells appear to be related mainly to inhibition of several heme-containing enzymes of the mitochondrial electron transport complex and the citric acid cycle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":79314,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neuroimmunology","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 443-461"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0960-5428(95)00028-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19718522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nitric oxide: An ancestral immunocyte effector molecule","authors":"Antonella Franchini, Angela Conte, Enzo Ottaviani","doi":"10.1016/0960-5428(95)00029-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0960-5428(95)00029-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The presence and the role of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were investigated in the molluscan hemocytes by immunocytochemical, biochemical and functional approaches. Using an anti-NOS polyclonal antibody, immunoreactivity was observed in the hemocytes, and this reactivity increased after stimulation of the animals with <em>Escherichia coli</em>, indicating that this enzyme is inducible. The NOS inducibility was also histochemically demonstrated by detection of NADPH-diaphorase activity. Biochemical studies show that the enzyme is 70% cytoplasmatic and 30% membrane bound and that the inducible form is mainly cytoplasmatic. The nitrite + nitrate and citrulline formation, the inhibition by N<sup>θ</sup>-nitro-<span>l</span>-arginine, the Km value for arginine, the calcium and co-enzyme dependence show that the molluscan NOS shares the same properties as the NOS isoenzymes so far studied. However, it cannot be identified with any of these enzymes. It appears to be in some way similar to an inducible form of human hepatocyte NOS. Also cytokines are able to induce NOS. <em>In vitro</em> studies have shown that hemocytes produce nitric oxide (NO), a bactericide substance, and that there is a relationship between the NO system and phagocytosis. The presence of NO in the invertebrate hemocyte demonstrates that critical molecules have been conserved over the course of evolution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":79314,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neuroimmunology","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 463-478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0960-5428(95)00029-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19719027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}