American Industrial Hygiene Association journal最新文献_第8页

Occupational exposure to chemical and biological agents in the nonproduction departments of pulp, paper, and paper product mills: an international study. 纸浆、造纸和造纸厂非生产部门对化学和生物制剂的职业暴露:一项国际研究。

American Industrial Hygiene Association journal Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00028899908984424

K Teschke, W Ahrens, A Andersen, P Boffetta, S Fincham, M Finkelstein, P Henneberger, T Kauppinen, M Kogevinas, K Korhonen, G Liss, T Liukkonnen, P Osvoll, A Savela, I Szadkowska-Stanczyk, H Westberg, K Widerkiewicz

{"title":"Occupational exposure to chemical and biological agents in the nonproduction departments of pulp, paper, and paper product mills: an international study.","authors":"K Teschke, W Ahrens, A Andersen, P Boffetta, S Fincham, M Finkelstein, P Henneberger, T Kauppinen, M Kogevinas, K Korhonen, G Liss, T Liukkonnen, P Osvoll, A Savela, I Szadkowska-Stanczyk, H Westberg, K Widerkiewicz","doi":"10.1080/00028899908984424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00028899908984424","url":null,"abstract":"As part of an international epidemiological study of workers in the pulp and paper industry, previously unpublished exposure measurements were assembled in a database. This article describes 7293 measurements in nonproduction departments from 147 mills in 11 countries. The greatest variety of agents was measured in the maintenance, construction, and cleaning department, where high exposures to asbestos, chromium [VI] compounds, copper, mercury in urine, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, styrene, sulfur dioxide, trichloroethylene, and welding fumes were observed. Measurements in the storage, yard, loading, and shipping department indicated high exposures to asbestos, carbon monoxide, fungal spores, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and total dust. The steam and power generation department had high exposures to methyl mercaptan, silica, and total dust. Measurements in process and effluent water treatment, laboratory and research, engineering, and office, administration, and cafeteria areas had few elevated exposures. Throughout the nonproduction departments, measurements of pulp-production chemicals such as chlorine and sulfur compounds tended to be low, with many below detection limits. There were some problems with the available data; in particular, detection limits were often not specified, and the data tended to be clustered in such a way that sources of exposure variability could not be distinguished. Despite these problems, the data provide new insight into the exposures of nonproduction pulp and paper industry personnel.","PeriodicalId":7930,"journal":{"name":"American Industrial Hygiene Association journal","volume":"60 1","pages":"73-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00028899908984424","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20903411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Uptake of chloroform by skin on brief exposures to the neat liquid. 短暂接触干净的液体后皮肤对氯仿的吸收。

American Industrial Hygiene Association journal Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00028899908984417

M S Islam, L Zhao, J N McDougal, G L Flynn

{"title":"Uptake of chloroform by skin on brief exposures to the neat liquid.","authors":"M S Islam, L Zhao, J N McDougal, G L Flynn","doi":"10.1080/00028899908984417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00028899908984417","url":null,"abstract":"The uptake of chloroform into hairless rat's stratum corneum after application of the neat solvent directly to the skin has been studied. Tape stripping was used to determine amounts deposited within the stratum corneum and also the clearance of the compound from the skin following varied levels of exposure. Three minutes exposure to neat chloroform was adequate to achieve a limiting accumulation in the stratum corneum and thus it appears to take this long for the gradient of chloroform to be established fully across this structure. There was indication of progressively deeper penetration of chloroform as the exposure time was increased from 1 to 8 minutes. Local irritation and a loosening of the superficial layers of stratum corneum were apparent with as little as 2 minutes of exposure to the solvent and were exacerbated with further increases in exposure duration. Following exposure, clearance of the solvent from the skin surface was rapid. Interestingly, the rate of clearance, as followed by stripping, was comparable on live and freshly euthanized rats. This implies that once the exposure is terminated evaporation from the surface, and not systemic uptake by way of the local vasculature, is the predominant means of clearance at an open surface.","PeriodicalId":7930,"journal":{"name":"American Industrial Hygiene Association journal","volume":"60 1","pages":"5-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00028899908984417","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20903408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Effects of a novel ice-cooling technique on work in protective clothing at 28 degrees C, 23 degrees C, and 18 degrees C WBGTs. 新型冰冷却技术对在28℃、23℃和18℃wbgt下穿着防护服工作的影响。

American Industrial Hygiene Association journal Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00028899908984427

I H Muir, P A Bishop, P Ray

{"title":"Effects of a novel ice-cooling technique on work in protective clothing at 28 degrees C, 23 degrees C, and 18 degrees C WBGTs.","authors":"I H Muir, P A Bishop, P Ray","doi":"10.1080/00028899908984427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00028899908984427","url":null,"abstract":"This study tested a new ice cooling system that permits ice cooling system recharge without personal protective clothing removal. Six male volunteers (22.1 +/- 1.2 years) underwent tests with the new ice cooling system (COOL) and without (NOCL) at a moderate work rate (450 W) in three environments of 28, 23, and 18 +/- 1 degrees C wet bulb globe temperature. Walks at 28 degrees C were carried out first with NOCL and COOL counterbalanced, then test order and environment were counterbalanced. At 28 degrees C, mean work time in COOL significantly increased by 37.5 min (188%) over NOCL (p < 0.05). At 23 degrees C mean work time in COOL was significantly increased by 44.3 min (171%) compared with NOCL (p < 0.05). Mean work times at 18 degrees C were not significantly different, although all subjects completed the 120 minutes of work in COOL compared with a mean work time of 109 +/- 20 min for NOCL. During rest, mean reductions in rectal temperature were significantly greater in COOL than NOCL (p < 0.05) at 28 and 23 degrees C. Mean heart rate calculated for the same point in both treatments was significantly lower for COOL at 28, 23, and 18 degrees C (p < 0.05). Thermal comfort rating was significantly different at 18 and 23 degrees C (p < 0.05). This new design seemed to provide comparable cooling to conventional vests and also provides greater practicality for field use. Even in experimental form the suit demonstrated increased productivity due to extended tolerance time.","PeriodicalId":7930,"journal":{"name":"American Industrial Hygiene Association journal","volume":"60 1","pages":"96-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00028899908984427","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20903869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

Airborne microflora in Quebec dairy farms: lack of effect of bacterial hay preservatives. 魁北克奶牛场的空气微生物群:缺乏细菌干草防腐剂的效果。

American Industrial Hygiene Association journal Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00028899908984426

C Duchaine, A Mériaux, G Brochu, Y Cormier

{"title":"Airborne microflora in Quebec dairy farms: lack of effect of bacterial hay preservatives.","authors":"C Duchaine, A Mériaux, G Brochu, Y Cormier","doi":"10.1080/00028899908984426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00028899908984426","url":null,"abstract":"Pediococcus pentosaceus is a lactic-acid producing bacterium inoculated in hay to prevent hay deterioration. This study sought to verify the effect of this treatment on the barn microenvironment. Air samples were obtained from 19 barns using bacterial hay treatment and from 18 control barns with six-stage Andersen samplers and all-glass impingers. Appropriate culture media were used for the recovery and identification of microorganisms. Endotoxins were measured with chromogenic Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay. Median values (respectively for treated and untreated hay barns) were: 5.28 x 10(5) and 3.84 x 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU)/m3 for total bacteria; 3.18 x 10(6) and 4.5 x 10(6) CFU/m3 for molds; 1.36 x 10(3) and 1.74 x 10(3) endotoxin units/m3 for endotoxin levels; and 1.03 x 10(3) and 3.00 x 10(3) CFU/m3 for Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula. No viable P. pentosaceus were recovered. The presence of S. rectivirgula, the causative agent for farmer's lung, was not influenced by the hay treatment. Since no significant difference was observed in any of the airborne contaminants, this type of hay treatment probably does not protect farmers from the respiratory effect of ambient microbial contaminants.","PeriodicalId":7930,"journal":{"name":"American Industrial Hygiene Association journal","volume":"60 1","pages":"89-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00028899908984426","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20903390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 44

Studying the determinants of exposure: a review of methods. 研究暴露的决定因素:方法综述。

American Industrial Hygiene Association journal Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00028899908984423

I Burstyn, K Teschke

{"title":"Studying the determinants of exposure: a review of methods.","authors":"I Burstyn, K Teschke","doi":"10.1080/00028899908984423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00028899908984423","url":null,"abstract":"To better understand where, when, and how to control occupational exposures, it is vital that hygienists understand the factors that contribute to elevated or reduced exposure levels. Over the last two decades a burgeoning literature examining the determinants of exposure has developed, yet to date the methods used in this regard have rarely been summarized in texts or elsewhere. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the techniques used to study the predictors of workplace exposures. Both experimental and observational studies are examined, and the advantages and limitations of each are discussed. Fundamental study design features are reviewed. These include the selection and measurement of factors potentially related to exposure, as well as the measurement of exposure itself. Decisions reached by investigators in selecting the number of sites and workers, the number of repeated observations per worker, and the duration of sampling are discussed. Also examined are issues that commonly arise in the course of data analysis of exposure determinants. These include transformation of exposure variables, correlation of predictor variables, empirical model building, and interpretation of results. Finally, methods employed to evaluate the validity of findings are summarized.","PeriodicalId":7930,"journal":{"name":"American Industrial Hygiene Association journal","volume":"60 1","pages":"57-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00028899908984423","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20903391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 145

Assessment of coke oven emissions exposure among coking workers. 焦化工人焦炉排放物暴露评估。

American Industrial Hygiene Association journal Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00028899908984428

M L Chen, I F Mao, M T Wu, J R Chen, C K Ho, T J Smith, D Wypij, D C Christiani

{"title":"Assessment of coke oven emissions exposure among coking workers.","authors":"M L Chen, I F Mao, M T Wu, J R Chen, C K Ho, T J Smith, D Wypij, D C Christiani","doi":"10.1080/00028899908984428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00028899908984428","url":null,"abstract":"Coking workers are regularly exposed to coke oven emissions, which consist primarily of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds. This study measured the workers' exposure to the benzene soluble fraction of total particulates (BSF). The study population consisted of 88 coking workers as an exposure group and 59 referents. Personal breathing-zone samples of BSF and total particulates were taken from all study subjects for 3 consecutive days. The highest BSF concentrations were found among the topside oven workers (geometric mean; range) (microgram/m3): lidman (515; 72-18, 181), tar chaser (432; 51-4334), and larry car operator (185; 55-649). The lowest was 7 micrograms/m3 in the referents. Among the samples at the topside oven 84% exceeded the Occupational Safety and Health Administration standard (150 micrograms/m3 BSF). The percentage of BSF in total particulates varied across job classifications, ranging from 0.3% in wharfmen to 24% in tar chasers. Area sampling indicated that the BSF concentration at the topside area was sixtyfold higher than that at the administrative area, which was approximately 2 km from the coke oven plant.","PeriodicalId":7930,"journal":{"name":"American Industrial Hygiene Association journal","volume":"60 1","pages":"105-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00028899908984428","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20903394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Respirator fit factor performance while sweating. 呼吸器适合因素的性能，而出汗。

American Industrial Hygiene Association journal Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00028899908984425

D M Caretti, P D Gardner

{"title":"Respirator fit factor performance while sweating.","authors":"D M Caretti, P D Gardner","doi":"10.1080/00028899908984425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00028899908984425","url":null,"abstract":"The extent to which sweat accumulation inside respirators affects respirator fit has not been quantified. This study represents an attempt to measure facial sweating and to quantify its effects on fit factors of negative pressure, full-facepiece respirators. Respirator fit factor (FF) data were obtained while 14 subjects completed 30 minutes of treadmill walking at an intensity of 75% of age-predicted maximal heart rate in an aerosol test chamber under ambient environmental conditions. Subject facial and whole body sweat production were also measured. Statistical analysis of the treadmill FF results showed that respirator fit was significantly (p < 0.05) degraded after 14 minutes of exercise. Sweat accumulation inside the respirator facepiece averaged 30.9 +/- 15.5 g. However, no significant correlation of subject facial sweat production with overall FF values measured during exercise was found. The results of this study indicate that respirator FFs degrade significantly over time under moderate exercise and environmental conditions and suggest that facial sweat accumulation alone does not account for the reduced FF levels.","PeriodicalId":7930,"journal":{"name":"American Industrial Hygiene Association journal","volume":"60 1","pages":"84-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00028899908984425","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20903396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Measurement of benzene in the workplace and its evolution process, Part I: Overview, history, and past methods. 工作场所苯的测量及其演变过程，第一部分:概述，历史和过去的方法。

American Industrial Hygiene Association journal Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00028899908984421

D K Verma, K des Tombe

引用次数: 20

An evaluation of an air-supplied blouse and an air hood. 对通风罩衫和通风罩的评价。

American Industrial Hygiene Association journal Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00028899908984430

L Poirier

引用次数: 4

Within-shift variability of short-term exposure to organic solvent in indoor workplaces. 室内工作场所短期暴露于有机溶剂的轮班内变异性。

American Industrial Hygiene Association journal Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00028899908984418

S Kumagai, I Matsunaga

{"title":"Within-shift variability of short-term exposure to organic solvent in indoor workplaces.","authors":"S Kumagai, I Matsunaga","doi":"10.1080/00028899908984418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00028899908984418","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the degree of within-shift variability of short-term exposure concentrations for workers exposed to organic solvents in indoor workplaces. For this purpose, 117 exposure data sets of 15-minute time-weighted average (15-min TWA) and those of 60-min TWA were collected from 53 workers employed in the offset printing, gravure printing, screen printing, machine control board production, fiber-reinforced plastic production, hard metal production, electrical parts production, and chemical synthesizing industries. Data analysis showed that the tenth, fiftieth, and ninetieth percentiles of the geometric standard deviations of 15-min TWA values [GSD(15m)] were 1.4, 2.3, and 4.5, respectively; and those of GSD(60m) were 1.2, 1.7, and 3.4, respectively. Based on an assumption of lognormal exposure distribution, the maximum values of 15-min TWA (the 98.4th percentile) were estimated to be 4.3, 36, and 650 times as high as the minimum one (the 1.6th percentile) for the low, middle, and high exposure variabilities, respectively; and to be 2.0, 4.3, and 8.2 times the 8-hour TWA value, respectively. Consequently, when the 8-hour TWA exceeds 0.23 times (1/4.3) the short-term exposure limit value, the high short-term exposure condition should be evaluated. The maximum values of 60-min TWA (the 93.8th percentile) were estimated to be 1.8, 5.1 and 43 times as high as the minimum one, respectively; and to be 1.3, 2.0, and 3.1 times the 8-hour TWA value, respectively. The relationship between production factors and within-shift exposure variability was also examined. The intermittent solvent use group had significantly higher median values of GSD(15m) and GSD(60m) than the continuous group. The mobile pollutant source group had a significantly higher median value of GSD(60m) than the stationary group.","PeriodicalId":7930,"journal":{"name":"American Industrial Hygiene Association journal","volume":"60 1","pages":"16-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00028899908984418","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20903407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15