American Industrial Hygiene Association journal最新文献_第10页

Calculation of exposure chamber leak rate with thermal correction: a measure of chamber integrity. 带热校正的暴露室泄漏率的计算:一个测量室完整性的方法。

American Industrial Hygiene Association journal Pub Date : 1998-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/15428119891010956

E C Kimmel, J E Reboulet

引用次数: 2

Field performance measurements of half-facepiece respirators: steel mill operations. 半面罩式呼吸器的现场性能测量:钢厂作业。

American Industrial Hygiene Association journal Pub Date : 1998-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/15428119891010974

W R Myers, Z Zhuang

引用次数: 27

Analysis of third-party certification approaches using an occupational health and safety conformity-assessment model. 使用职业健康和安全合格评定模型分析第三方认证方法。

American Industrial Hygiene Association journal Pub Date : 1998-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/15428119891010992

C F Redinger, S P Levine

{"title":"Analysis of third-party certification approaches using an occupational health and safety conformity-assessment model.","authors":"C F Redinger, S P Levine","doi":"10.1080/15428119891010992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15428119891010992","url":null,"abstract":"The occupational health and safety conformity-assessment model presented in this article was developed (1) to analyze 22 public and private programs to determine the extent to which these programs use third parties in conformity-assessment determinations, and (2) to establish a framework to guide future policy developments related to the use of third parties in occupational health and safety conformity-assessment activities. The units of analysis for this study included select Occupational Safety and Health Administration programs and standards, International Organization for Standardization-based standards and guidelines, and standards and guidelines developed by nongovernmental bodies. The model is based on a 15-cell matrix that categorizes first-, second-, and third-party activities in terms of assessment, accreditation, and accreditation-recognition activities. The third-party component of the model has three categories: industrial hygiene/safety testing and sampling; product, equipment, and laboratory certification; and, occupational health and safety management system registration/certification. Using the model, 16 of the 22 programs were found to have a third-party component in their conformity-assessment structure. The analysis revealed that (1) the model provides a useful means to describe and analyze various third-party approaches, (2) the model needs modification to capture aspects of traditional governmental conformity-assessment/enforcement activities, and (3) several existing third-party conformity-assessment systems offer robust models that can guide future third-party policy formulation and implementation activities.","PeriodicalId":7930,"journal":{"name":"American Industrial Hygiene Association journal","volume":"59 11","pages":"802-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15428119891010992","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20740825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

The 1998 Donald E. Cummings Memorial Award Lecture. The industrial hygiene paradox, dilemmas, and a vision for the future. 1998年唐纳德·卡明斯纪念奖演讲。工业卫生悖论，困境，以及对未来的展望。

American Industrial Hygiene Association journal Pub Date : 1998-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/00028894.1998.10542513

H B Lick

{"title":"The 1998 Donald E. Cummings Memorial Award Lecture. The industrial hygiene paradox, dilemmas, and a vision for the future.","authors":"H B Lick","doi":"10.1080/00028894.1998.10542513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00028894.1998.10542513","url":null,"abstract":"How do we move from diatribe to dialogue? Since the Donald E. Cummings Award was first established in 1943, the profession of industrial hygiene has seen many changes. The traditional hazards Alice Hamilton addressed in her 1948 Cummings lecture have been controlled. However, the advent of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has changed the approach of many of today's industrial hygienists from \"best professional practices\" to regulatory compliance or OSHA industrial hygiene. Further, the dialogue that has existed between academia, business, government, and labor that allows industrial hygienists to identify and resolve health hazards is now threatened by lawsuits and lobbyists. Industrial hygienists have a professional responsibility to workers, employers, clients, and the public. Our vision for the future must refocus on this responsibility as we once again embrace dialogue instead of diatribe. This lecture was presented at the American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exposition in Atlanta, Ga., on May 13, 1998.","PeriodicalId":7930,"journal":{"name":"American Industrial Hygiene Association journal","volume":"59 11","pages":"753-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00028894.1998.10542513","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20741488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Field performance measurements of half-facepiece respirators: developing probability estimates to evaluate the adequacy of an APF of 10. 半面罩式呼吸器的现场性能测量:开发概率估计以评估APF为10的充分性。

American Industrial Hygiene Association journal Pub Date : 1998-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/15428119891010983

W R Myers, Z Zhuang

{"title":"Field performance measurements of half-facepiece respirators: developing probability estimates to evaluate the adequacy of an APF of 10.","authors":"W R Myers, Z Zhuang","doi":"10.1080/15428119891010983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15428119891010983","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the protection provided by negative-pressure, half-facepiece respirators, ambient and in-facepiece samples were collected on workers in foundry, aircraft-painting, and steel-manufacturing operations. Protection was assessed by workplace protection factors (WPF). The appropriateness of the assigned protection factor (APF) for half-facepiece respirators was evaluated with a new approach using the WPF data from these and other studies previously published. The new approach utilizes binomial statistics based on the number of successes (no overexposure) and failures (overexposure) and is illustrated with a graphical representation of WPF data. With this consideration of the data, the probability of overexposure occurring during a wearing period for workers wearing the half-facepiece respirators represented by the studies referenced here was 0.5%, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.01 to 2.7%. If 50% in-facepiece sampling errors are considered, the probability of overexposure was 2.9%, with a 95% confidence interval of 1.1 to 6.3%. The authors believe the current APF of 10 for half-facepiece respirators is appropriate.","PeriodicalId":7930,"journal":{"name":"American Industrial Hygiene Association journal","volume":"59 11","pages":"796-801"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15428119891010983","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20741494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Ultrasonic extraction and field-portable anodic stripping voltammetry for the determination of lead in workplace air samples. 工作场所空气样品中铅的超声提取和现场便携式阳极溶出伏安法测定。

American Industrial Hygiene Association journal Pub Date : 1998-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/15428119891010848

K Ashley, K J Mapp, M Millson

{"title":"Ultrasonic extraction and field-portable anodic stripping voltammetry for the determination of lead in workplace air samples.","authors":"K Ashley, K J Mapp, M Millson","doi":"10.1080/15428119891010848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15428119891010848","url":null,"abstract":"An on-site, field-portable analytical method for the determination of lead in workplace air samples, based on the use of ultrasonic extraction and anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV), was evaluated. Workplace air samples were obtained using a standard method involving particulate collection onto mixed cellulose ester membrane filters. Samples were collected at work sites where airborne particulates were generated from the abrasive blasting of lead-containing paint on highway bridges. Ultrasonic extraction (UE) of air filter samples in diluted nitric acid, followed by portable ASV, was used for the determination of lead. Also, performance evaluation samples consisting of reference materials of known lead concentration were subjected to the UE-ASV procedure for lead determination. Confirmatory analyses of the air filters and performance evaluation samples subjected to the UE-ASV lead measurement method were conducted by hotplate digestion in concentrated nitric acid and 30% hydrogen peroxide, followed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometric (ICP-AES) determination of lead. Recoveries of lead from performance evaluation materials (when using the UE-ASV method) were found to be quantitative. The performance of the UE-ASV method for lead in air filters was found to be acceptable, as evaluated by comparison with results from hotplate strong acid digestion followed by ICP-AES analysis. Based on the results of this study, the ultrasonic extraction/portable ASV procedure demonstrates potential for the on-site determination of lead in personal breathing zone and area air samples.","PeriodicalId":7930,"journal":{"name":"American Industrial Hygiene Association journal","volume":"59 10","pages":"671-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15428119891010848","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20706733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Kiln emissions and potters' exposures. 窑的排放物和陶工的暴露。

American Industrial Hygiene Association journal Pub Date : 1998-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/15428119891010884

B Hirtle, K Teschke, C van Netten, M Brauer

{"title":"Kiln emissions and potters' exposures.","authors":"B Hirtle, K Teschke, C van Netten, M Brauer","doi":"10.1080/15428119891010884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15428119891010884","url":null,"abstract":"Some ten thousand British Columbia potters work in small private studios, cooperative facilities, educational institutions, or recreation centers. There has been considerable concern that this diffuse, largely unregulated activity may involve exposures to unacceptable levels of kiln emissions. Pottery kiln emissions were measured at 50 sites--10 from each of 5 categories: professional studios, recreation centers, elementary schools, secondary schools, and colleges. Area monitoring was done 76 cm from firing kilns and 1.6 m above the floor to assess breathing zone concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, fluorides, aldehydes, aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gold, iron, lead, lithium, magnesium, manganese, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, vanadium, and zinc. Personal exposures to the same metals were measured at 24 sites. Almost all measured values were well below permissible concentrations for British Columbia work sites and American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) threshold limit values (TLVs) with the following two exceptions. A single firing duration (495 minute) acrolein measurement adjacent to an electric kiln (0.109 ppm) exceeded these guidelines. One 15-minute sulfur dioxide measurement collected adjacent to a gas kiln (5.7 ppm) exceeded the ACGIH short-term exposure limit. The fact that concentrations in small, ventilated kiln rooms ranked among the highest measured gives rise to concern that unacceptable levels of contamination may exist where small kiln rooms remain unventilated. Custom designed exhaust hoods and industrial heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems were the most effective ventilation strategies. Passive diffusion and wall/window fans were least effective.","PeriodicalId":7930,"journal":{"name":"American Industrial Hygiene Association journal","volume":"59 10","pages":"706-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15428119891010884","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20706736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Trends in hearing protector usage in American manufacturing from 1972 to 1989. 1972年至1989年美国制造业中助听器的使用趋势。

American Industrial Hygiene Association journal Pub Date : 1998-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/15428119891010893

R R Davis, W K Sieber

引用次数: 15

Industrial hygiene aspects of a sampling survey at a bleached-kraft pulp mill in British Columbia. 在不列颠哥伦比亚省漂白硫酸盐纸浆厂抽样调查的工业卫生方面。

American Industrial Hygiene Association journal Pub Date : 1998-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/15428119891010875

G Astrakianakis, L Svirchev, C Tang, R Janssen, J Anderson, P Band, N Le, R Fang, J Bert

{"title":"Industrial hygiene aspects of a sampling survey at a bleached-kraft pulp mill in British Columbia.","authors":"G Astrakianakis, L Svirchev, C Tang, R Janssen, J Anderson, P Band, N Le, R Fang, J Bert","doi":"10.1080/15428119891010875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15428119891010875","url":null,"abstract":"To validate exposure estimates used to investigate correlations between exposure and cancer risk, 1678 personal measurements were collected for 46 job titles during 73 day shifts at a bleached-kraft pulp mill. Measurements included shift-long average and short-term exposures to carbon monoxide, chlorine dioxide (ClO2), and hydrogen sulfide; and shift-long average exposures to calcium oxide and wood dust (WD). Overall results indicate low levels of exposure with a few noteworthy exceptions. Although ClO2 was the exclusive bleaching agent, 77 area samples indicated that chlorine (Cl2), not ClO2 was present in all areas apart from the chemical preparation area (chem-prep) and during a pulp spill. The highest shift-long exposures to Cl2 were measured in the chip yard and are attributed to uncontrolled stack emissions. Finally, WD samples collected from several laborers significantly exceeded regulatory limits, with the highest exposures measured in the steam and recovery area. For short-term exposures to ClO2 in chem-prep, 12 of 17 data-logging electro-chemical sensor sample results showed at least one peak that exceeded the short-term exposure limit of 0.3 ppm. The use of data-logging equipment quantified short-term exposures that previously had been characterized only anecdotally. The peaks were correlated with tasks and upset conditions and, given their transient nature, these exceedances could not have been detected using shift-long average-based sampling devices. Since the respiratory effects of significant short-term exposures to irritant gases such as Cl2 and ClO2 are well-documented, data-logging instruments are necessary to characterize exposures in the pulp and paper industry.","PeriodicalId":7930,"journal":{"name":"American Industrial Hygiene Association journal","volume":"59 10","pages":"694-705"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15428119891010875","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20706735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

The effectiveness of local exhaust-ventilated (shrouded) hand power tools used for grinding/sanding composite materials. 局部排气通风(遮光)手动电动工具用于磨削/砂磨复合材料的有效性。

American Industrial Hygiene Association journal Pub Date : 1998-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/15428119891010866

J E Teitsworth, M J Sheehan

引用次数: 8