International journal of biological research in pregnancy最新文献

{"title":"A comparative analysis in the macro and micro nutrient compositions of locally available polished rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Bangladesh","authors":"M. Islam, Jayasree Das, N. Absar, M. Hasanuzzaman","doi":"10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6544","url":null,"abstract":"Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food crop of the developing world and the staple food of more than half the global population. An investigation was carried out to identify chemical and minerals composition of twelve varieties of locally produced polished rice namely, Parija, Minikat, Sawrna, Jeerashile, Nurjahan, Pari Shiddho, Paijam, Basmoti, Govindavogh, Katarivogh, Nagirshail and Chinigura. We analyzed Moisture, Ash, Dry Matter, Crude Fibre(CF), Crude Protein(CP),Water soluble protein, Fat, Total Carbohydrate, Metabolizable Energy (ME),Total sugar, Reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, and minerals when the rice varieties are in polished form and obtained comparative data on their chemical composition and nutritive values. The results revealed the presence of nutrient constituent among the twelve varieties comprising Moisture(10.21±0.07to13.22±0.08%), Ash(0.30±0.02 to 0.57±0.02%), Dry Matter(86.78±0.08 to 89.78±0.07%), Crude Fibre(0.15±0.02 to 0.63±0.02%), Crude Protein(6.31±0.01 to 8.31±0.01%), Water soluble protein(0.13±0.02 to 0.25±0.02%),Fat(0.09±0.01 to 2.90±0.02%), Total Carbohydrate (76.33±0.13 to 81.87±0.05%), Metabolizable Energy (2834.31 to 3017.27 Kcal/Kg), Total sugar(0.06±0.01 to 0.40±0.01%), Reducing sugar(0.01±0.01 to 0.09±0.02%), Non-reducing sugar(0.05±0.01 to 0.36±0.01%) and minerals such as Sodium (69.07±0.13 to 118.87±0.39 mg%), Potassium(0.38±0.02 to 3.41±0.47mg%), Calcium (1.1±0.1 to 1.85±0.03mg%), Magnesium (0.13±0.04 to 0.61±0.01mg%), Iron (0.0003±0.0005 to 0.0005±0.0002mg%), Phosphorus (0.52±0.03 to 2.33±0.03mg%) respectively.","PeriodicalId":79223,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biological research in pregnancy","volume":"69 1","pages":"190-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86164964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shiga toxin (STX) gene analysis and verotoxigenic potentials of Escherichia coli isolated from ‘bobozi’- an indigenous Nigerian ready to eat fermented cassava chip","authors":"S. A. Enabulele, E. O. Daniel","doi":"10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6543","url":null,"abstract":"Many strains of E. coli have been identified as food borne pathogens inducing serious gastrointestinal diseases and even causing death in humans. Amongst these are those referred to as Shiga or Vero toxin producing E. coli . Bobozi is an Indigenous Nigerian ready to eat snack food made from cassava and is widely consumed in most parts of the country. The objective of this study was to Isolate and Identify E. coli from Bobozi, analyze their Shiga toxin ( stx ) gene profile and thereafter determine their verotoxin capabilities. A total of 248 samples of Bobozi were purchased from hawkers in the metropolis of Benin City, Edo state, Nigeria. Isolation and Identification was done using standard microbiological methods. Analysis for the presence of Shiga toxin ( stx1 and stx2 ) genes was done using PCR technique and for their verotoxigenic potentials using tissue culture assay on Vero cells. Result of the investigation reveals that of the total 248 samples collected, 107(43.15%) had E. coli isolated from them. Total number of E. coli isolated from the 107 samples was 386.Shiga toxin gene analysis of the isolates reveal that 169(43.78%) had stx1 gene alone, 112 (29.02%) had stx2 gene alone, 3(0.78%) had both stx 1 and stx 2 genes while 102 (26.42%) had none of the two genes. Tissue culture assay on Vero cells indicate that there is a strong relationship between the presence of stx genes and their degree of cytotoxic effect on vero cells as over 80% isolates without the genes exhibited weak cytotoxic effect whereas over 80% of those with the genes exhibited more than strong cytotoxic effect.","PeriodicalId":79223,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biological research in pregnancy","volume":"97 1","pages":"177-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80079799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ethnomedicine of the Batak Karo people of Merdeka sub-district, North Sumatra, Indonesia","authors":"E. C. Purba, Nisyawati, M. Silalahi","doi":"10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6493","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ethnomedicine can serve as a platform for studying specific relationships between indigenous cultures and using medicinal plants, thus to identify new chemical compounds used as drugs. Objective: To document the medicinal plants and traditional medicines used by Batak Karo people and to provide information on the pharmacological properties of the most commonly used plants in the preparation to treat of various ailments especially preventive healthcare. Methods: The ethnobotanical study was conducted in Merdeka sub-district, Karo regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. An intensive field survey was conducted to collect information on medicinal plants used by the people. Data was collected applying semi-structured interviews (individual and group discussions) and questionnaires. Results: A total of 124 plants species have been documented to treat various diseases. Zingiberaceae is the highest number of species being used as traditional medicines especially concoction of preventive healthcare. The study revealed that fever is treated using the highest number of different medicinal species (23 species). Conclusion: Batak Karo people in Merdeka sub-district have a rich local knowledge about medicinal plants. It is a need to extend the documentation of medicinal plants in the area and evaluation its biological activity as a basis for developing future medicines.","PeriodicalId":79223,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biological research in pregnancy","volume":"21 1","pages":"181-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81521125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative safety profiles of two enrofloxacin generics after repeated intracrop administration to broilers","authors":"Nasser Ehmeza, A. Elmajdoub, A. Abusnina, E. Bennour, G. Elhafi, A. El-Mahmoudy","doi":"10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6426","url":null,"abstract":"Clinicochemical, haematological and histopathological alterations were demonstrated in broiler chickens following repeated oral bolus administration of two different enrofloxacin generic preparations, formulated as 10% oral solutions, given at a dose regimen of 10 mg/Kg body weight for 5 consecutive days. The two tested preparations were Enrol ® (Medmac ® , Jordan), referred thereafter as ENRO-A; and Syvaquinol ® (Syva ® , Spain), which referred thereafter as ENRO-B. Eighteen broilers chickens, aging 40 days old, divided equally and randomly into three groups, have been used in the present study. ENRO-A or ENRO-B was given via intra-crop route of administration at the above-mentioned dose regimen to birds of the 2 nd and the 3 rd groups, respectively; where those of the 1 st group were given water instead and kept as control. Blood samples were collected from all birds via the wing and metatarsal veins on the 5 th day for clinicochemical and haematological examinations. Birds were then humanely sacrificed and liver, kidneys and heart were dissected out for histopathological examination. Results revealed that ENRO-A induced a significant ( p<0.05 ) increase of the activity of alkaline phosphatase compared to ENRO-B as well as control group. Both ENRO-A and ENRO-B caused significant increases in the levels of plasma urea and creatinine concentrations compared to control ( p<0.05 ), with higher significance in case of ENRO-A. Activity of plasma creatine kinase significantly ( p<0.05 ) increased after ENRO-A compared to control and ENRO-B-treated groups. ENRO-A and ENRO-B significantly ( p<0.05 ) increased blood glucose and triglyceride levels compared to that of control. Cholesterol level was increased significantly ( p<0.05 ) only after ENRO-B repeated administration. However, other metabolic parameters showed insignificant changes. Parallel inflammatory and degenerative histopathological changes in the affected organs, except kidneys, have been observed. Nevertheless, administration of either ENRO-A or ENRO-B caused insignificant changes in hematological parameters of the treated chicken groups. Data of the present study may indicate that enrofloxacin may cause organ dysfunction in broilers during the course of therapy based on clinicochemical and histopathological reasons. The data may also indicate that the pharmaceutical technology may be a detrimental factor in safety profiles of generic products based on the differences recorded between the two tested brands.","PeriodicalId":79223,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biological research in pregnancy","volume":"8 1","pages":"170-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89575997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical screening, FT-IR analysis and antimicrobial activity of Wattakaka volubilis","authors":"S. Venkatesan, V. Balamurugan, A. Sundaresan, P. Susindran, K. Vasanthi, E. Subashini, M. Anithakumari","doi":"10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6457","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was evaluated the phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Wattakaka volubilis leaf extract. The Wattakaka volubilis is medicinal plant used in the treatment of various diseases (Wound, diabetics, rheumatic and diarrhea). The ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether and DMSO extract from the leaf of Wattakaka volubilis were screened on their phytochemicals analysis. Among thesePhytochemicals were alkaloids, anthroquione, caumarin, flavanoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids for present in the following extracts ethanol, methanol. The petroleum ether and DMSO only present in several phytochemicals like alkaloid, anthroquinone, terpenoids and tannins. Wattakaka volubilis against the antibacterial like E. coli, B. pumilus, Enterobacter aerogens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The zone of inhibition of Wattkaka voulubilis leaf extract against the bacteria was maximum inhibition Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogens, Bacillus pumilis. The least zone of inhibition was recorded against E.coli. The characterization of the plant extract and the functional groups was analyzed in Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The absorbance bands analysis were observed in the region of 4000-400cm-1 are 23 compounds derived. The compounds represented the ranges from 3905.21 to 436.41 peaks were shown. This study which is the primary report on the phytochemicals analysis and antibacterial properties of Wattakaka volubilis supports its traditional uses in the treatment of infectious and non- infectious diseases.","PeriodicalId":79223,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biological research in pregnancy","volume":"77 1","pages":"165-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85730508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidative stress indices in cerebellum, cortex and hippocampus of rats exposed to lead and manganese","authors":"O. Afolabi, Oladele Sulaiman, G. Adeleke, Dorcas Wusu","doi":"10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6459","url":null,"abstract":"Human exposure to metals is a major health concern in the world as a result of increased industrialization. The present study was designed to investigate the toxic effect of lead and manganese alone and in combination on different regions of rat brain, namely cerebellum, cortex and hippocampus. Adult male Wistar rats were exposed to 100 ppm lead as lead acetate, 100 ppm manganese as manganese chloride, and lead and manganese in combination in their drinking water for 4 weeks. Following either lead or manganese exposure, acetylcholinesterase activity and the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were inhibited. Likewise, malonylaldehyde level, a marker of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl groups used to assess oxidatively modified proteins were markedly increased by exposure to either metals. The non-enzymatic antioxidants, reduced glutathione and total thiol groups were significantly (p < 0.05) depleted by these metals. However, these aspects were more pronounced in animals exposed to the mixture of both lead and manganese. The metals displayed additive, as well as, potentiation effect in their interactions in the brain regions. It can thus, be concluded that the mixture of lead and manganese demonstrated a higher neurotoxic effects than does either metals alone.","PeriodicalId":79223,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biological research in pregnancy","volume":"30 1","pages":"157-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74806465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of four selective Trichoderma isolates as plant growth promoters in two peanut varieties","authors":"M. Kamaruzzaman, M. M. Rahman, M. S. Islam, M. Ahmad","doi":"10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6468","url":null,"abstract":"Trichoderma species are generally used as potential bio control agents against wide range of plant pathogenic fungi and some strains are reported to produce metabolites that enhance plant growth. In the current study we evaluated the four Trichoderma isolates viz. T. harzianum (ST 5 ), T. viride (ST 6 ), T. virens (ST 7 ) and T. atroviride (ST 9 ) including a control were tested as seed treatment against to find out a potential growth-promoter of Peanut. T. harzianum (ST 5 ) gave maximum length and weight of shoot, weight of roots with pods, weight of pods and number of nodules per plant. T. viride (ST 6 ) showed higher plant growth, nodulation and yield compared to T. virens (ST 7 ) and T. atroviride (ST 9 ). Minimum growth, yield and nodulation were observed with control treatment.","PeriodicalId":79223,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biological research in pregnancy","volume":"4 1","pages":"152-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90568335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing composition and diversity of woody vegetation in mined arid and semi arid lands of Kerio valley, Kenya","authors":"Abraham Barsosio, B. Kirui, N. Maara","doi":"10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6239","url":null,"abstract":"The woody vegetation in semi-arid area is important in providing ecosystem services and goods. However, it faces threats manifested in land-use changes such as mining. This study aimed at assessing the composition and diversity of woody vegetation as well as inherent soil physico-chemical parameters in a previously mined area and comparing it with a semi-pristine adjacent area.  Six transects containing five plots each were established within two blocks separated by a river. In each plot, data was collected on woody tree growth characteristics and soil parameters. Thirteen woody species were recorded in the rehabilitated mined and twenty two in semi-pristine sites with Ficus sycomorus L Moraceae being the dominant species at the two sites. Woody vegetation diversity was higher in semi-pristine site than in the rehabilitated mined site. However, this was not significant (t-test, =D.F=1 P=0.767). Mean soil nutrients (F 2 , 7 . = P=0.821), pH (F 2 , 7 . =109.88, P=xxx), was higher in rehabilitated mined sites while mean soil temperature (F 2 , 7 . =9.08, P=0.011) was higher in mined areas. Rehabilitating mined sites can bring back species diversity, composition, however what is not clear is whether ecosystem functions are restored.","PeriodicalId":79223,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biological research in pregnancy","volume":"17 1","pages":"129-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80891178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of seed pre-treatments on the germination of Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii","authors":"Tolulope Bamigboye, J. Kayode","doi":"10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6454","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of various seed pre-treatments on the germination of Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii was examined in this study. The pre-treatments included seeds with their testa removed, intact seeds soaked in GA3, seeds soaked in GA3 for one hour after which their gelatinous covers were removed, seeds soaked in GA3 for one hour after which their testa were removed and seeds tied in polythene for 2 days. Intact seeds sown directly without any treatment served as control. Results obtained revealed that while germination did not occurred in seeds whose testa were removed and seeds soaked in GA3 for1 hour after which their testa were removed, germination occurred in other treated seeds and the control. Also while germination occurred in the first 5 weeks in seeds soaked in GA3 and seeds soaked in GA3 for 1 hour after which their gelatinous covers were removed, germination first occurred in 9 days in seeds soaked in GA3 for 1 hour after which their gelatinous covers were removed and in10 days in intact seeds soaked in GA3. Growth occurred in other treated seeds at 11-15weeks experimental time. At 25 weeks experimental time, intact seeds soaked in GA3 had the highest % germination and the germination occurred within the shortest experimental time.","PeriodicalId":79223,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biological research in pregnancy","volume":"1 1","pages":"138-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79991558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and screening of kojic acid producing isolate of Aspergillus oryzae potentially applicable for production from sugarcane molasses","authors":"Abdel-hamied Rasmey, A. Basha","doi":"10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6434","url":null,"abstract":"Kojic acid is an organic acid produced as secondary metabolite by different fungi specially Aspergillus species. Isolation of a novel fungal strain potential for kojic acid production from agro-industrial wastes was the main purpose of the present study. Kojic acid was estimated in the current investigation colorimetric by 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCIP). A total of 43 fungal isolates belonging to seven species of Aspergillus recovered from stored wheat grains and dust air were screened for their ability to produce kojic acid. Ten isolates of them belonging to A. oryzae and A. flavus var. columnaris produced high concentrations (16.818 ± 0.006 - 43.917 ± 0.389 g/l) of kojic acid from glucose. The secondary screening of these ten isolates for kojic acid production from glucose, sucrose, starch, maltose and cellulose as different carbon sources resulted that A. oryzae 124A was the highly producer on glucose and sucrose recording 44.189 ± 0.079 and 32.135 ± 0.298 g/l, respectively. A. oryzae 124A produced 15.022 ± 0.017 g/l of kojic acid from the pretreated semisynthetic sugarcane molasses. The maximum concentration (29.431 ± 0.001 g/l) of kojic acid production by A. oryzae 124A from sugarcane molasses was obtained when the fungus grown on 5 % sugarcane molasses adjusted at pH 3.5 and incubated at 28 ∘ C for 19 days. The recorded results suggested that A. oryzae 124A could be used as a promising candidate for utilization in kojic acid fermentation from sugarcane molasses on industrial scale.","PeriodicalId":79223,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biological research in pregnancy","volume":"62 1","pages":"119-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84294623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}