International journal of biological research in pregnancy最新文献

{"title":"Antibiotic susceptibility, plasmid isolation and curing of some foodborne pathogens","authors":"E. O. Daniel, O. Osazee, F. Olisaka, J. Aibangbee, Panmwa Galau, J. O. Osazee","doi":"10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6779","url":null,"abstract":"The indiscriminate use of antibiotics by individuals as well as in food production has been tagged one of the major reasons for the spread of antibiotic resistance in pathogens. Thus, there is a concern that foodborne bacteria may act as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes when distributed in large doses with food. This study aimed at determining the antibiotic susceptibility, plasmid isolation and curing of foodborne bacteria isolated from ready to eat (RTE) foods and salads in eating centers at the Benson Idahosa University, Benin City. Isolates were Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp., Micrococcus sp. and Salmonella sp with S. aureus occurring most frequently. Total resistance to cefuroxime and augmentin as well as considerable resistance to ceftazidime and cefixime were observed in all isolates in antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done on Mueller-Hinton agar. Relative sensitivity to gentamicin, ofloxacin, nitrofurantoin and ciprofloxacin were observed. Plasmid profiling indicated that all isolates possess plasmids ranging from 100 bp to 1 kbp. Plasmid curing using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) improved the sensitivity of isolates to antibiotics they were previously sensitive to but most isolates remained resistance to ceftazidime, cefuroxime, cefixime, and augmentin. This study shows that foodborne bacteria can possess and possibly transfer persistent antibiotic resistance plasmids thus calling for more caution in the use of antibiotics in food production and reduced antibiotics abuse. Further research is currently ongoing to cure the isolates of all plasmids and to elucidate how these plasmids are being transferred.","PeriodicalId":79223,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biological research in pregnancy","volume":"56 1","pages":"321-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87076316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of vegetative and yield attributes of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) for adaptation in Anambra State, Nigeria","authors":"Chinyere V. Ilodibia, N. Igboabuchi, W. Onwuachu","doi":"10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6851","url":null,"abstract":"Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) MOENCH, a fasting growing annual herb, cultivated for its young fruit and valued as an important vegetable in tropical and sub- tropical regions. Adequate production of okra is yet to be achieved especially in Anambra State due to certain factors such as non- utilization of improved cultivar, environmental conditions and inadequate cultural practices. Due to the importance of this vegetable to Nigerian diet, sustainable production is adequate to meet up with the increasing population and the country’s economic recession. Vegetative and yield attributes of five cultivars of okra were evaluated for adaptation in Anambra State during 2014/2015 cropping season at the Department of Agricultural Education Teaching and Research Farm, Nwafor Orizu College of Education Nsugbe, Anambra State. A randomized complete block design, replicated three times was used. The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA. Results showed significant differences (P<0.05) among the cultivars evaluated in both vegetative and yield attributes. Cultivar LD-88 had higher yield when compared to other cultivars evaluated. It is therefore recommended to farmers for sustainable okra production in the study area.","PeriodicalId":79223,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biological research in pregnancy","volume":"61 1","pages":"318-320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84957825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmid Profile of Multiple Antibiotics Resistant (mar) Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Water Samples from Ebira Communities in Ekiti South Senatorial District","authors":"A. Odeyemi, Olusola A Oluwole, A. Adebayo, Seyifunmi Iseyemi","doi":"10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6867","url":null,"abstract":"Plasmid curing of microbes and physicochemical analysis of water samples obtained from Ebira communities in six local governments in Ekiti South Senatorial District were analyzed. Antibiotic sensitivity and profile of bacterial isolates were analyzed using pour plating, disk diffusion method and gel electrophoresis techniques respectively while the plasmid were cured using acridine orange. The mean total bacterial count of the water samples collected from these six different local governments at different time ranged from 2.08 x 10 5 to 6.0 x 10 6 CFU/ml; the mean total coliform count ranged from 2.41 x 10 5 to 3.75 x 10 6 CFU/ml and the mean total Escherichia coli count (TEC) ranged from 1.53 x 10 5 to 3.45 x 10 5 CFU/ml. Total of 152 bacteria were recovered with E.coli having the highest distribution of 35% while Serratia marcensens had the least distribution of 0.7%. The highest antibiotic resistance of 100% was recorded against ceftazidine but only 17% of the isolates were resistant to gentamicin. About 56% of 34 selected MAR isolates carried plasmid(s) with high molecular weight ranging from 5.64Kbp to 23.13Kbp. Antibiotic resistance pattern and plasmids profile of selected MAR E.coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus prior to and after curing showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa became susceptible to augmentin and Staphylococcus aureus also became susceptible to ceftriazole while E. coli still maintained the earlier resistant pattern. The plasmid profiling of these isolates after curing indicated the lost of plasmids in each of the isolates. Present study however implicated the incidence of MAR bacteria in the sources of water in Ekiti-South Senatorial district as a serious health challenge, and confirmed the potential of acridine orange for plasmid curing.","PeriodicalId":79223,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biological research in pregnancy","volume":"6 1","pages":"307-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89947960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, fractionation, identification and bioassay studies of the pheromone of the maconellicoccus hirsutus (green, 1908)","authors":"Mamata Deb, Dolly Kumar","doi":"10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6801","url":null,"abstract":"Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908) is one of the invasive pests known to infest the agricultural crops of Vadodara, Gujarat. Large amount of pesticides are in use to control this pest which ultimately pose threat to both environment and mankind. So eco-friendly measures are required to limit the invasion of this pest. Hence the objective is to isolate the pheromone from Maconellicoccus hirsutus to uncover its different components through GC-MS along with the bioassay studies. Pheromone was isolated from the species through adsorbent method, and the volatiles were then subjected to GC-MS for fractionation. Crude extracts was further employed for behavioral bioassay to identify the nature of the pheromone. Combined result of GC and GC-MS indicated the presence of phenolic component in the extract. Additionally, observations from bioassay studies confirmed it as sex pheromone where attractive index of males towards volatiles was higher (0.88) than the females. Hence, identification of different pheromonal components will be helpful in synthesizing chemical analogues and their use in controlling the concerned pest in an eco-friendly way.","PeriodicalId":79223,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biological research in pregnancy","volume":"37 1","pages":"299-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90514873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population status and distribution of Hinde’s Babbler (Turdoides hindei) in Meru national park and Ngaya Forest Reserve areas of Meru county, Kenya","authors":"Fredrick Onyancha, G. Eshiamwata, H. Karanja, P. Njoroge","doi":"10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6842","url":null,"abstract":"Hinde’s Babbler which is listed as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List with isolated populations confined to some parts of central and eastern Kenya. A survey was conducted between June and December, 2015 to assess and compare population status of Hinde’s Babbler across a gradient of levels of protection. Data was collected at intervals of 100m along predetermined cumulative 19 km transects where playback of Hinde’s Babbler was used to elicit response of individual groups. At each point of detection, total number of adults, offsprings and vegetation phenology was recorded. The entire habitat population was 540 individuals (dry season; Ngaya FR-255, Meru NP-137 and Agricultural landscape- 148), 411 individuals (wet season; Ngaya FR-168, Meru NP-185 and Agricultural landscape- 58) though there was no significant statistical difference between the seasonal datasets. There was significance difference between adults and juveniles in both seasons (Mann Whitney, Dry P= 0.0001 and wet season, P = 0.0002). These results imply that the three sites are vital for the survival, conservation and management of this threatened species and hence continuous monitoring of protected and unprotected sites is necessary for conservation of threatened avian species like Hinde’s Babbler.","PeriodicalId":79223,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biological research in pregnancy","volume":"26 1","pages":"295-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81121356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of efficient phosphate solubilizing fungi from mine soil and effect of phosphofungi on seed germination and vigour index of ground nut (arachis hypogaea L.) and green gram (vigna radiata L.)","authors":"S. Lokesh, K. J. N. Kumar, B. Thippeswamy","doi":"10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6760","url":null,"abstract":"Background : The use of chemical fertilizers to solve the problem of nutrient deficiency in soil has been associated with a number of environmental problems. Objective: The aim of this study was to perform an isolation and screening of native phosphofungi from mine soil. To evaluate the effect of phosphofungi on seed germination and seedling vigour index of Ground nut and Green gram. Materials and Methods: The phosphofungi were screened using Pikovskaya’s agar medium with tricalcium phosphate (Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ) as the phosphorus source. The soluble phosphorus, Phosphate solubilizing activity, titrable acidity, pH and fungal biomass were determined. Mineral phosphate solubilizing (MPS) activities of fungal isolates were tested in tricalcium phosphate medium. Results: Five promising phosphate solubilizing fungal species were screened. Aspergillus niger (13±1.0 mm) and Aspergillus flavus (8±0.6mm) showed the more phosphate solubilising index than compared to other fungal isolates. Analyzing the possible phosphorus released, from 3 rd , 6 th , 9 th , and 12 th day of incubation. Antagonistic effect of phosphofungi Aspergillus flavus (65±11 mm) and Aspergillus niger (60±13 mm) showed more effective against Colletotrichum sp. than compared to other fungal isolates. Aspergillus flavus (745±20µg/ml) and Penicillium spinulosum (600±20 µg/ml) showed maximum phosphate solubilizing activity on 3 rd and 12 th day of incubation. Fusarium redolens showed the more effectiveness on seed germination and seedling vigour than compared to other fungal isolates. Aspergillus flavus showed positive result for the production of Indole 3 acetic acid and remain four fungal strains are negative result. Conclusion: Biofertilizers from native phosphofungi could be used alongside reduced levels of inorganic fertilizers to enhance soil available Phosphorous.","PeriodicalId":79223,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biological research in pregnancy","volume":"25 1","pages":"288-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82836785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of In-vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic potentials of crude methanolic extracts of Quisqualis indica (stem bark): An ethno medicinal plant","authors":"M. Hossain, M. Hussain, M. UL-Islam, M. A. Rahman, Md. Shalahuddin Millat, Mirza Nusrat Sweety","doi":"10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6803","url":null,"abstract":"Quisqualis indica plant (Stem bark) was analyzed in-vitro to evaluate biological activities including anti-microbial properties and cytotoxic potentials. The crude n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble partitionates of the methanolic extract of the plant were subjected to the microbiological investigation against a wide range of Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria and fungi. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay was used for evaluation of cytotoxic activity of Quisqualis indica. The zones of inhibition produced by the hexane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble partitionates of the methanolic extract of Quisqualis indica were ranged from 7-15 mm, 8-18 mm, 12-20 mm and 10-16 mm respectively at a concentration of 400μg/disc. The obtained results were compared against standard Kanamycin (30µg/disc). In case of brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble partitionates were found to show LC 50 of 1.254, 0.826, 3.866 and 5.366 µg/ml respectively as compared with vincristine sulfate (with LC 50 value of 0.3229 µg/ml) as a standard positive control. The obtained results confirmed the presence of anti-microbial properties and cytotoxic potentials of Quisqualis indica which supports the traditional use of this plant in various diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms and can be a good candidate for a further anti-tumor drug study.","PeriodicalId":79223,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biological research in pregnancy","volume":"162 1","pages":"280-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73752462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New reports of Daldinia species from Kolhapur and Raigad Districts (M.S.), India","authors":"Ketaki C Patil, A. Patil, M. S. Patil","doi":"10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6685","url":null,"abstract":"Genus Daldinia Ces. & De Not. Belongs to family Xylariaceae. Present paper describes ten species of Daldinia viz. D. “bakeri” taxon B sensu Dennis, D. concentrica (Bolton) Ces. & De Not., D. cupra Starback, D. dennissii var. microspora Wollw. & M. Stadler, D.  pal-mensis M. Stadler, Wollw. &Tichy, D. petriniae Y. M. Ju, J. D.Rogers and F. San Martin, D. raimundi M. Stadler, Venturella &Wollw., D. theissenii Laessoe, J. Fourn. & M. Stadler, D. bakeri Lloyd, D. loculata (Lev.) Sacc. Collected from Kolhapur and Raigad Districts of Maharashtra State, India.","PeriodicalId":79223,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biological research in pregnancy","volume":"112 1","pages":"269-279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76373211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety profile of clarithromycin in broilers after repeated oral administration","authors":"Hanady Awadallah, S. Awidat, E. Bennour, G. Elhafi, A. El-Mahmoudy","doi":"10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6689","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of repeated oral administration of clarithromycin (7.5 mg/Kg B.W., daily for 5 consecutive days) on blood parameters, clinico-chemical parameters and vital organ histology were evaluated in Ross broiler chickens. Twelve clinically healthy birds have been used in a parallel study design, where they have been randomly divided into two groups. The 1st group received a dose of 7.5 mg clarithromycin/Kg as intracrop bolus daily for 5 consecutive days after 6 h fasting; while the 2nd group received iso-saline and was kept as control. Blood samples were collected from all birds via the wing and metatarsal vein punctures on the 5th day for clinico-chemical and haematological examinations; and liver, kidneys and heart were dissected out for histopathological examination. Results revealed that repeated administration of clarithromycin caused significant increases in ALP, AST, ALT, CK, urea and creatinine levels, compared to those of control. Metabolic parameters exhibited significant decrease in albumin with consequent decrease in total protein and decreased albumin/globulin ratio. Lipid parameters remained unchanged, compared to control. Leuckogram revealed that total leuckocytic count was decreased as a result of the decreased number of lymphocytes and mid-sized cells. On the other hand, granulocytes number exhibited significant increase (granulocytosis) together with increased number of platelets (thrombocytosis); while erythrogram remained insignifi-cantly affected. Liver and kidney showed inflammatory cellular infiltrations associated with degenerative changes and haemorrhages. Although heart did not show inflammatory cellular infiltrations, yet breakage in some bundles was noted. These data indicate that although clarithromycin did not cause any clinical serious manifestations on the treated birds, yet laboratory analysis revealed some adverse effects on some organs as liver, kidney and heart as well as alterations in some clinic-chemical and hematological parameters; these findings should be taken in consideration during therapy with clarithromycin.","PeriodicalId":79223,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biological research in pregnancy","volume":"102 1","pages":"263-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84731291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth and serum mineral profile of broiler starter fed dried cocoyam tuber (colocasia esculenta) meal","authors":"M. U. Onyekwere, P. Jiwuba, S. Okechukwu, A. C. Anuonye","doi":"10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/IJBR.V4I2.6695","url":null,"abstract":"A 30-day experiment was conducted with 240 unsexed broiler starters to determine the effect of cocoyam tuber meal on growth and serum mineral profile. Four diets were formulated at 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of cocoyam tuber meal. The birds were assigned the four treatment diets in a completely randomized design and replicated 3 times with 20 birds per replicate. Feed and water were supplied ad-libitum . Data were collected on average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio and blood was sampled from each treatment group, data obtained were analysed statistically. The performance of the broiler starter birds showed significant (p<0.05) difference among the treatment groups. Average daily weight gain was improved (p<0.05) by cocoyam inclusion at 30% inclusion level. FCR of the birds in treatment groups were significantly (p<0.05) better than the control. The parameters of serum mineral profile maintained a significant (P<0.05) difference among the treatments and showed a good evidence of body structural components of the birds. These results showed that inclusion of cocoyam tuber meal had a beneficial effect on performance and structural components of broiler starters. Cocoyam tuber meal inclusion level at 30% was recommended for optimum broiler starter birds.","PeriodicalId":79223,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biological research in pregnancy","volume":"15 1","pages":"260-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89458632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}