C Barrera, M Herrera, F Martinez, R Leon, A Richard, R H Guderian, J Mouchet, R Echeverria, F Le Pont
{"title":"[Leishmaniasis in Ecuador. 1. Incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis on the Pacific coast].","authors":"C Barrera, M Herrera, F Martinez, R Leon, A Richard, R H Guderian, J Mouchet, R Echeverria, F Le Pont","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A clinico-epidemiologic survey on cutaneous leishmaniasis, due to Leishmania panamensis, was carried out on 961 persons in two study areas of the Pacific coast of Ecuador, to estimate the prevalence and the incidence of the disease. In the preandean hills, at Paraiso Escondido, the prevalence of active lesions was 4.8%; in the hills of the coastal cordillera, at La Tablada, it was 3.6%. The incidence of new cases in 1991 was high: 147% in the first village, and 106% in the second. These data are far higher than the Health Ministry statistics. The cumulated prevalence, obtained by addition of the scars and active lesions of leishmaniasis, was as high as 66% at Paraiso Escondido, and 47% at La Tablada. Most of the patients (62%) had only one ulcer or scar. Most of the people are contaminated during the first five years they live in these endemic areas. Nevertheless, the incidence remains high in all the age groups, because large numbers of migrants coming from non endemic regions are continuously settling in these colonization areas. Interviews have shown that the contaminations had occurred in the dry season, between July and December. These findings were confirmed by passive case detection at the Hospital A. Egas of Santo Domingo which covered the region. Contamination of young children and position of the lesions on the face suggested a domiciliary transmission, like in Panama and on the Pacific coast of Colombia.</p>","PeriodicalId":7901,"journal":{"name":"Annales de la Societe belge de medecine tropicale","volume":"74 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19018460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F Le Ponti, R Leon, J Moucheti, R Echeverria, R H Guderian
{"title":"[Leishmaniasis in Ecuador. 2. Man/vector contacts in leishmaniasis: the case of Lutzomyia trapidoi and Lu. Gomezi].","authors":"F Le Ponti, R Leon, J Moucheti, R Echeverria, R H Guderian","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In two leishmaniasis endemic foci of the Pacific coast of Ecuador, where the primary forest is severely attacked by human settlements, intradomiciliary sandfly catches, with light trap and human bait, have been carried out from August 1991 to October 1992. The presumed vector Lutzomyia trapidoi was by far the dominant species inside dwellings at Paraiso Escondido in the preandean hills (86% of the anthropophilic sandfly population, and 8.5 females/night catch by light trap). Not a single Lu. gomezi was caught in this village. At La Tablada, Lu. gomezi was the dominant anthropophilic species in the coastal cordillera (83% of anthropophilic sandfly population and 3.7 females/night catch by light trap); Lu. trapidoi accounted only for 4.6% of the total catches in this village. On human bait, catches were variable depending on the day and on the season, but dominant species were always the same. The percentage of Lu. trapidoi was higher on human bait than in light trap. Blood meal identifications of engorged Lu. gomezi and Lu. trapidoi confirmed the anthropophily of these two species in the houses.</p>","PeriodicalId":7901,"journal":{"name":"Annales de la Societe belge de medecine tropicale","volume":"74 1","pages":"13-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19018461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Loua, L Kestens, G Vanham, L Boel, R Colebunders, P Gigase
{"title":"[Validity of an ELISA test for CD4+ T lymphocyte count and validity of total lymphocyte count in the assessment of immunodeficiency status in HIV infection].","authors":"A Loua, L Kestens, G Vanham, L Boel, R Colebunders, P Gigase","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A newly available commercial ELISA (TRAx CD4, T Cell Diagnostics USA) for enumerating CD4+ T lymphocytes has been evaluated with blood samples of 105 HIV seropositive and 6 seronegative subjects. Results from the flow cytometric analysis were used as reference. The sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA to identify HIV seropositive subjects having less than 200 CD4+ T lymphocytes/microliters were assessed and studied using the ROC curve. The reproducibility of the ELISA test was analyzed on 40 samples. The results of the ELISA correlated well with these of the flow cytometric analysis (r = 0.79, p < 0.001). However, the ELISA test tends to overestimate the true CD4 count in HIV seropositives. This overestimation could not be explained by the aspecific contribution of monocytic CD4. The threshold for identifying HIV seropositive subjects with less than 200 CD4+ T lymphocytes with a maximum sensitivity and specificity was determined with ROC curve and equalled 400 cell equivalents with the ELISA (sensitivity and specificity were equal to 80%) and 1,450 lymphocytes/microliters with the total absolute lymphocyte count (sensitivity and specificity were equal to 75%). Using this curve, a threshold of 300 cell equivalents for the ELISA test and of 1,100 lymphocytes/microliters for the absolute lymphocyte count was shown to maximize the specificity (> 95%) without a significant loss of sensitivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7901,"journal":{"name":"Annales de la Societe belge de medecine tropicale","volume":"74 1","pages":"61-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18909933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J Dereure, I Espinel, C Barrera, F Guerrini, A Martini, R Echeverria, R H Guderian, F Le Pont
{"title":"[Leishmaniasis in Ecuador. 4. Natural infestation of the dog by Leishmania panamensis].","authors":"J Dereure, I Espinel, C Barrera, F Guerrini, A Martini, R Echeverria, R H Guderian, F Le Pont","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In two endemic leishmaniasis foci of the Pacific coast of Ecuador 34 dogs suspected of having the disease have been surveyed clinically, serologically and parasitologically; immunofluorescence and electrosyneresis tests, lymph node aspirates, biopsies and smears have been performed. From two dogs with ulcers only one had ulcers on the muzzle and the scrotum infected by Leishmania (L. guyanensis complex). The isolated strain was identified as Leishmania panamensis. The disease was strictly cutaneous. In the study area the dog seems to be more a victim-host than a reservoir.</p>","PeriodicalId":7901,"journal":{"name":"Annales de la Societe belge de medecine tropicale","volume":"74 1","pages":"29-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19017721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F Le Ponti, R Leon, F Guerrini, J C Gantier, J Mouchet, R Echeverria, R H Guderian
{"title":"[Leishmaniasis in Ecuador. 3. Lutzomyia trapidoi, vector of Leishmania panamensis].","authors":"F Le Ponti, R Leon, F Guerrini, J C Gantier, J Mouchet, R Echeverria, R H Guderian","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lutzomyia trapidoi, the more abundant anthropophilic species, is a presumed leishmaniasis vector in the Pacific foothills of Ecuador. Three biotopes have been sampled (dwelling, and nearby coffee crop and primary forest) in the focus of Paraiso Escondido, by human bait catches, from August 1991 to October 1992. A large number of sandflies, 6,965 specimens, have been dissected to estimate peri and hypopyloric infections. All the peripyloric infections, characterized by isoenzyme electrophoresis, were Leishmania panamensis. The percentage of these infections was low, around 3%, but they were massive. They occurred only in dry season. Hypopyloric infections were observed in Lu. trapidoi all the year round in the three biotopes. Their percentage was high, reaching 40%. Despite of many trials to cultivate the parasite on NNN medium, no stain could be isolated. It is suggested that the parasite could be L. equatorensis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7901,"journal":{"name":"Annales de la Societe belge de medecine tropicale","volume":"74 1","pages":"23-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19017720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J Mouchet, F Le Pont, R Leon, R Echeverria, R H Guderian
{"title":"[Leishmaniasis in Ecuador. 5. Leishmaniasis and anthropization on the Pacific coast].","authors":"J Mouchet, F Le Pont, R Leon, R Echeverria, R H Guderian","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We have evaluated the impact of anthropization of the forest on the incidence of leishmaniasis, due to Leishmania panamensis, in three coastal study areas, Corriente Grande (primary forest), Paraiso Escondido and La Tablada (secondary forest). The situation of isolated dwellings, in deforested areas, has also been analysed in the last two stations. In each station, the study of the density of anthropophilic sand flies, specially Lutzomyia trapidoi, has been conducted in the domestic environment, coffee plantations and undergrowth. The incidence of leishmaniasis was nearly non existent in primary forest, though it ranged from 106 to 147% in the more or less cleared forest. At Corriente Grande, none Lu. trapidoi was caught in houses. In the undergrowth, catches were low (8% of the total). At Paraiso Escondido, Lu. trapidoi was the dominant species, with more than 83% of the catches in the undergrowth and in the coffee plantations (41 Man/hour), as well as in dwellings (10.6 M/h). At La Tablada, in the domestic environment, Lu. gomezi, was the dominant species: 2.8 M/h against 0.1 M/h for Lu. trapidoi. In the coffee plantations and in the undergrowth Lu. trapidoi was the main species, 21 M/h and 14 M/h. Thus in the primary rainforest, leishmaniasis transmission can be very low. In disturbed forest, coffee plantations near houses are good biotopes for Lu. trapidoi. The cycle of L. panamensis has been adapted to this new ecological situation, by being closer to the houses. The reservoirs live and circulate throughout coffee plantations. In deforested areas, neither aggressive sand flies have been observed, nor leishmaniasis transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":7901,"journal":{"name":"Annales de la Societe belge de medecine tropicale","volume":"74 1","pages":"35-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19017722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Characteristics of trypanosomiasis in children. Apropos of 19 case reports at the CNPP (Neuro-Psycho-Pathology Center), University Hospitals of Kinshasa, Zaire].","authors":"M Kazumba, K Kazadi, M P Mulumba","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The clinical study of 19 cases of trypanosomiasis in children aged 2 to 13 years showed an image similar to that in adults but the circumstances of infestation and especially the evolution should receive special attention. It was of interest to note that maternal trypanosomiasis frequently was an anamnestic element in the diagnosis of these children. The short and long term evolution depend on the neuropsychological sequels which are themselves related to the gravity of the infection at initial examination. The errors in diagnosis and the delay in the institution of specific treatment are equally discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":7901,"journal":{"name":"Annales de la Societe belge de medecine tropicale","volume":"73 4","pages":"253-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19121204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Malaria transmission in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)].","authors":"L Lochouarn, P Gazin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7901,"journal":{"name":"Annales de la Societe belge de medecine tropicale","volume":"73 4","pages":"287-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19121713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T H Duong, J L Perret, D Dufillot, C Nguiri, D Richard-Lenoble, C Nguemby-Mbina, M Kombila
{"title":"[Evaluation of 3 tests applied in the immunological diagnosis of hepatic amebiasis in Gabon].","authors":"T H Duong, J L Perret, D Dufillot, C Nguiri, D Richard-Lenoble, C Nguemby-Mbina, M Kombila","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The diagnosis of hepatic amoebiasis is not always easy. In case of suspicion of hepatic amoebiasis in an endemic area, the patient is immediately treated with a 5-nitroimidazole. Immunological diagnosis is indispensable. After a comparative study of BLA, IHA and IFA reactions, the BLA test has shown to be well adapted to the context of a country with insufficient sanitary infrastructure. The BLA test is easily performed and enables rapid detection of antibodies. The result obtained in about 5 minutes allows to adjust the therapeutic conduct.</p>","PeriodicalId":7901,"journal":{"name":"Annales de la Societe belge de medecine tropicale","volume":"73 4","pages":"261-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19121205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N Elissa, J Mouchet, F Riviere, J Y Meunier, K Yao
{"title":"Resistance of Anopheles gambiae s.s. to pyrethroids in Côte d'Ivoire.","authors":"N Elissa, J Mouchet, F Riviere, J Y Meunier, K Yao","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7901,"journal":{"name":"Annales de la Societe belge de medecine tropicale","volume":"73 4","pages":"291-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19121714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}