The European Physical Journal D最新文献

{"title":"Space-resolved transport properties of the thermalizing particle ensemble via Monte Carlo simulations","authors":"Z. M. Raspopović","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-00951-w","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-00951-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the thermalization process of mono-energetic particle beams in gases is fundamental for various applications in plasma physics. A statistical model is introduced and analyzed through Monte Carlo simulations. The simulations are initialized with a delta-function impulse of a non-interacting particle beam colliding with a gas in an infinite domain at a finite temperature. Spatially-resolved profiles of the thermalizing particles, including their average kinetic energy, reveal spatial variations during their evolution. The overall energy balance over time reveals that the local kinetic energy near the center of mass of the thermalizing particles is lower than the thermal energy of the gas, a phenomenon referred to as ‘diffusive cooling’. At the periphery of the particle swarm, the local kinetic energy exceeds the thermal energy, resulting in ‘diffusive heating’. Previous studies have mostly examined these phenomena separately and in confined spaces, such as those observed in the Cavalleri experiment. These effects are explored in an unbounded gas. Calculated quasi-stationary, spatially-resolved profiles in an unbounded gas are compared with stationary profiles observed in confined systems between two infinite planes with perfect absorption. The effective diffusion coefficient, derived from the diffusion equation used in the Cavalleri model, is shown to align with the flux value of the transverse diffusion coefficient predicted by swarm theory. Additionally, it was observed that certain thermalized particles exhibit higher kinetic energy than their initial values at both the front and tail edges of the beam, marking an unexpected transitional phenomenon in the evolution of the beam swarm.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>The graphical abstracts show two images:</p><p>Figure A presents the quasi-stationary, spatially-resolved profile of the ion dissipated power due to elastic collisions, PD(z) in an unlimited space. Within the range from -1σz to +1σz , the local values of PD(z) are negative, while beyond 1σz , PD(z) becomes positive. Here σz represents the standard deviation of the spatial distribution of the ions along their initial velocity direction. Since approximately 68% of thermalizing particles fall within the -1σz to +1σz range of the Gaussian distribution, this indicates that, during thermalization, 68% of the particles experience collisional heating, while 38% of them undergo collisional cooling.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>Quasi-stationary spatially-resolved ion dissipated power density and ion number density</p></div></div></figure></div><p>Figure B depicts the effective diffusion coefficient, derived from solving the Boltzmann equation that models the Cavalleri diffusion experiment (involving particle diffusion in a gas between two fully absorbing parallel planes). This effective diffusion coefficient is lower than the thermal diffusion values. It essentially repr","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143109223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced circular dichroism induced by connectivity effect of rectangular metal nanorods","authors":"Hang Zhang,&nbsp;Zhongtao Liu,&nbsp;Lei Liu,&nbsp;Hui Li","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00943-2","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00943-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Compared to natural chiral structures, planar chiral plasmonic nanostructures, which are two-dimensional artificial structures composed of noble metals that break mirror symmetry, are widely applied in fields such as analytical chemistry, pharmaceutical production, and bioanalytical monitoring. Understanding circular dichroism (CD) and its enhancement mechanisms is crucial for these applications. Although a variety of chiral structures have been extensively studied, a deep understanding of the tunability of the CD effect remains insufficient. In particular, helical structures face challenges such as difficult fabrication and poor tunability. In this study, we designed a chiral structure composed of rectangular metal nanorods and metallic spheres, aiming to achieve a significant tunable CD effect by utilizing the connectivity effect of the metal nanorods, reaching an impressive CD value of 0.7. Results calculated by the finite element method show that, near the resonant wavelengths of 710 nm and 730 nm, the spectral responses of <span>({T}_{++})</span> and <span>({T}_{--})</span>, respectively, exhibit peak and valley patterns, thereby generating a substantial CD effect. Fundamentally, this is due to the shifting of the resonance modes at these specific wavelengths under RCP and LCP light. The extent of this shift can be precisely manipulated by altering the width of the rectangular metal nanorods, thus enabling controlled CD effects. Moreover, the CD effect is found to be highly dependent upon the geometric parameters of the designed structures. In summary, these findings contribute significantly to the development of planar chiral plasmonic nanostructures with tunable and large CD effects, providing valuable insights for their optimization and practical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142995558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the coupling and ion acceleration between ultraintense laser and multilayer solid targets","authors":"Chong Lv,&nbsp;Jialun Chai,&nbsp;Xiaona Ban,&nbsp;Wei Sun","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00950-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00950-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study focuses on optimizing beam driving modes to enhance laser-target coupling efficiency and improve particle quality in laser-driven ion acceleration. The aim is to increase proton and ion beam energy. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are conducted to investigate the proton beam generated by a Petawatt laser-driven multilayer target. The results indicate that optimal space overlap between the laser and targets improves energy coupling efficiency. Numerical simulation results indicate that the overlap of two laser pulses in front of the target, specifically at the same focal point, results in the generation of higher-energy ion beams. This result is primarily attributed to the enhanced longitudinal electric field under such conditions, which leads to increased energies of protons and ions. By adjusting the longitudinal size of the CH layer, a high-quality proton beam with a maximum cut-off energy of approximately 290 MeV and a small energy spread of 5.2<span>(%)</span> and 14.7<span>(%)</span> is achieved</p>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atomic spectra and oscillator strengths (ASOS14)","authors":"W.-Ü Lydia Tchang-Brillet,&nbsp;Paul Indelicato,&nbsp;Alexander Kramida,&nbsp;Stefan Schippers,&nbsp;Glenn Wahlgren","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00948-x","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00948-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperfine structure constants for neutral and singly ionized manganese using Fourier transform spectra","authors":"Hongfeng Zheng,&nbsp;Die Fang,&nbsp;Liguang Jiao,&nbsp;Xiaolei Che,&nbsp;Zhenwen Dai","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00945-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00945-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><b>We utilized the archival data recorded by the Fourier transform spectrometer at the USA National Solar Observatory to investigate the hyperfine structure (HFS) for neutral manganese (Mn I) and singly ionized manganese (Mn II) levels.</b> HFS constants for 25 levels of Mn I between 24,779 cm⁻¹ and 62,671 cm⁻¹ and, those for 14 levels of Mn II between 38,366 cm⁻¹ and 99,893 cm⁻¹ were determined by analyzing 100 spectral lines, among which the results for 15 levels of Mn I and eight levels of Mn II are reported for the first time, to our best knowledge. <b>This increases the total number of levels with experimental HFS constants to 182 for Mn I and 116 for Mn II.</b> For two Mn I levels and one Mn II level, both magnetic dipole HFS constants <i>A</i> and electric quadrupole HFS constants <i>B</i> were obtained. For the other levels, only <i>A</i> constants were determined. The uncertainties of most of the HFS constants determined in this work are less than 10%.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurements of power dissipated in an atmospheric pressure plasma jet device with double plasma discharge ignition","authors":"Fellype do Nascimento,&nbsp;Kleber A. Petroski,&nbsp;Thalita M. C. Nishime,&nbsp;Konstantin G. Kostov","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00946-z","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00946-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) are versatile devices with numerous applications. This work focuses on APPJs generated at the tip of long, flexible tubes using the jet transfer technique. The plasma source consists of a primary discharge and a secondary discharge forming the plasma jet. Discharge power measurements were carried out in a way that it was possible to separate the contribution of the primary discharge from the total power dissipated by the plasma source. Both power and effective current were analyzed under different operating conditions. The results show that the variation in the primary discharge power is much lower than the power dissipated by the plasma jet. Additionally, the electrical characteristics of the plasma device were analyzed. Notable differences were observed between the negative and positive phases of the discharge, with a more resistive load in the negative one, which suggests that the electrical equivalent circuit model changes according to the voltage polarity.</p><p>The primary discharge spectra are not affected by differences in electrical characteristics of the discharges with the plasma jet on and off</p>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"78 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectroscopic diagnostics of eggshells plasma using LIBS with self-absorption correction in conjunction with WDXRF, EDS and FTIR techniques","authors":"Muhammad Fahad,&nbsp;Khizar Hussain Shah,&nbsp;Sajjad Ali,&nbsp;Muhammad Abrar","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00944-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00944-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Precise determination of heavy metals and trace elements in eggshells from conventional and organic poultry production systems is carried out using a two distinct CF-LIBS techniques, namely one-line calibration-free (OLCF) and self-calibration (SC) LIBS, coupled with XRD, WD-XRF, EDS and FTIR. A <i>Q</i>-switched Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm, pulse duration of 9 ns and pulse energy of 126 mJ was used to generate plasma. Spectral analysis revealed Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cr, Sr, Al, Cu, Ni, Na, and Li in both organic (OE) and regular (FE) chicken eggshells, whereas a heavy element Ba was only detected in OE emission spectra. A mean value of plasma temperature was calculated as 7500 ± 750 K using a Boltzmann plot in addition to Saha-Boltzmann plot approach with self-absorption corrections and used for calcium quantification, whereas electron number density value was calculated as 5.68 × 10¹⁶ cm⁻³. The concentration of major constituent Ca in OE versus FE determined by CF-LIBS techniques along with XRF and EDS was found as: OLCF-LIBS = 99.23% versus 99.11%, SC-LIBS = 99.78% versus 99.73%, XRF = 99.81% versus 99.76%, and EDS = 99.83% versus 99.89%. The results showed that SC-LIBS method is more accurate for precise compositional analysis and findings were close to that determined by XRF and EDS methods. The results further demonstrated LIBS capability to identify heavy metals and trace elements within eggshell samples accurately and hence, contributing to and advancing our understanding of the utilization of LIBS technique in this field.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>Spectroscopic diagnostics of eggshells plasma using LIBS</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"78 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scars of Kramers–Henneberger atoms","authors":"E. Floriani,&nbsp;J. Dubois,&nbsp;C. Chandre","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00942-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00942-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electron motion in an atom driven by an intense linearly polarized laser field can exhibit a laser-dressed stable state, referred to as the Kramers–Henneberger (KH) state or KH atom. Up to now, the existence conditions of this state rely on the presence of a double well in the KH potential, obtained by averaging the motion over one period of the laser. However, the approximation involved in the averaging is largely invalid in the region of the double well structure; therefore, this raises the question of its relevance for identifying signatures of these exotic states. Here, we present a method to establish conditions for the existence of the KH atom based on a nonperturbative approach. We show that the KH atom is structured by an asymmetric periodic orbit with the same period as the laser field in a wide range of laser parameters. Its imprint is clearly visible on the wavefunction in quantum simulations. We identify the range of parameters for which this KH state is effective, corresponding to an elliptic periodic orbit.</p>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"78 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small amplitude ion-acoustic waves in electron-ion dusty plasma: Landau damping effects of combined Kappa–Cairns distributed electrons","authors":"Rittika Pain,&nbsp;Sandip Dalui,&nbsp;Sankirtan Sardar,&nbsp;Anup Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00941-4","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00941-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation with the influence of Landau damping of electrons is developed to explore the weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive ion-acoustic waves in a non-collisional unmagnetized plasma system whose constituents are adiabatic warm ions, negative-charged immobile dust grains and combined Kappa–Cairns distributed electrons. It is found that the nonlinear coefficient of the KdV equation vanishes along different parametric curves in the parametric space. In this situation, a modified KdV equation with the Landau damping effect is obtained to demonstrate the nonlinear propagation of the ion-acoustic waves. By employing multiple time scale method, the solitary wave solutions of these equations are derived. The solitary wave’s amplitudes have been noticed to decay gradually over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"78 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear optical properties of colloidal solutions of Ag2Se quantum dots passivated with 2-Mercaptopropionic acid in the field of 10 ns YAG:Nd3+ laser pulses","authors":"O. V. Ovchinnikov,&nbsp;A. I. Zvyagin,&nbsp;M. S. Smirnov,&nbsp;I. G. Grevtseva,&nbsp;S. V. Aslanov,&nbsp;A. Hussein","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00940-5","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00940-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The results of a study of the nonlinear optical properties of Ag₂Se colloidal quantum dots (QDs) passivated with 2-mercaptopropionic acid (hereinafter Ag₂Se/2-MPA) with an average size of 2.0–2.5 nm in the field of 10 ns YAG:Nd³⁺ laser pulses are presented. Using the Z-scan method in an open aperture design, it was found that the nonlinear absorption in Ag₂Se/2-MPA colloidal QDs is due to reverse saturation absorption (RSA). In addition, Z-scanning in a closed-aperture scheme demonstrated nonlinear refraction, which manifested itself in the form of defocusing of the probing radiation. Dependences of the level of nonlinear absorption and refraction of laser pulses on the concentration of the Se precursor were discovered, which affects the crystallization conditions and the degree of nonstoichiometry of the formed nanocrystals, as well as the concentration of dangling bonds. The obtained patterns indicate the participation of localized states in the RSA process, and changes in the population of localized states determine the observed defocusing effect.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"78 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}