Animal production最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Zinc-Proteinate Supplementation on the In Vitro Digestibility and Ruminal Fermentation in Goat","authors":"Gilbert Nathaniel, Tia Annisa, A. Muktiani, D. W. Harjanti, W. Widiyanto","doi":"10.20884/1.jap.2021.23.3.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2021.23.3.116","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed primarily to investigate the effect of Zn-Proteinate (Zn-Prot) supplementation on in vitro rumen digestibility and rumen fermentation. This research used a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replicates. The experimental treatment was the supplementation of various levels of Zn-Prot (0; 12.5 ppm; 25 ppm, and 37.5 ppm) on a dry matter basis. Parameters determined were in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), partial volatile fatty acid (VFA) (acetate, propionate, and butyrate), A/P ratio, CH4, and the efficiency of the conversion hexose to VFA. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. The results showed that goats fed with a diet supplemented with 25 ppm Zn-Prot had the highest IVDMD and IVOMD values. There was no significant effect on the VFA and CH4 concentrations, A/P ratio, and the efficiency of the hexose-VFA conversion within treatment groups. In conclusion, supplementing 25 ppm of Zn-Prot into the diet of dairy goat increase the dry matter and organic matter digestibility. ","PeriodicalId":7887,"journal":{"name":"Animal production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42055225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feed Intake, Blood Parameters, Digestibility and Live Weight Gain of Male Bali Cattle (Bos javanicus) Fed Ammoniation Rice Straw Supplemented by Waru (Hibiscus tiliaceus) Flower Extracts","authors":"S. Rahayu, Veven Raymexen Bonat, M. Bata","doi":"10.20884/1.jap.2021.23.3.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2021.23.3.12","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Hibiscus tiliaceus flower extracts supplementation in concentrate on performance, nutrient digestibility and blood metabolites of Bali cattle. Sixty of male Bali cattle averaging 225 ± 09.15 kg initial body weight were used in this study. They were divided into two groups. The first group (as control) was cattle fed ammoniated rice straw and concentrate (R1) and the second group was fed as the same as the control group, but concentrate was supplemented with H. tiliaceus flower extract at 200 ppm/kg of dry matter (R2). Variables measured were dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD), and acid detergent fiber (ADFD) using total collection method. Other variables were blood glucose and urea, average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion (FC) dan feed efficiency (FE). T-test showed that DMD, OMD, ADFD, and NDFD in the second group (R2) were higher (P<0.05) than control (R1). However, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between performance (ADG, FC, FE) and blood parameters of urea and glucose between the groups fed diets supplemented with H. tiliaceus flower extracts and control group. There was an increase in ADG and FE on R2 (0.63 ± 0.23 kg and FE 5.54 ± 1.89) compared to R1 (0.54 ± 0.32 kg and 0.54 ± 0.32). The study concluded that supplementation of Hibiscus tiliaceus flower extracts as feed additive in the concentrate diet can increase nutrient digestibility and tend to improve the performance of Bali cattle.","PeriodicalId":7887,"journal":{"name":"Animal production","volume":"34 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41270702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mastitis Detection in Holstein Sahiwal Crossbred Cattle (Bos taurus) Using Different Brands and Dilution Levels of Liquid Anionic Surfactants","authors":"Y. O. Waminal, Marjorie Raboy Gambol, Ahron Caiman Sabado, Jonathan Vallejos, R. C. Briones, Esteward Jones Manlangit Estabillo","doi":"10.20884/1.jap.2021.23.3.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2021.23.3.103","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to evaluate the effect, consistency, and economic viability of using different brands and dilution levels of liquid anionic surfactants to detect Mastitis in dairy cattle. Fifty-five milk samples were collected and subjected to macroscopic evaluation at a cattle farm located in Sta. Maria, Bulacan, Philippines. Milk samples were brought to the Philippine Carabao Center National Headquarters and Genepool Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija for Somatic Cell Count. The experiment used 10 treatments with 3 replications arranged in a Completely Randomized Design. The macroscopic evaluation results showed that liquid anionic surfactants at 30%-50% dilution levels could detect Mastitis in dairy cattle. This was validated by the somatic cell count results from PCC Dairy Laboratory. On the other hand, statistical analysis results revealed that the treatments and the control (commercial mastitis test) were comparable except for brand Z at a 40% dilution rate. Brand Z at 30% and 50% dilution rate were found to be consistent among other treatments in detecting Mastitis in dairy cattle. In terms of economic viability, brand X and brand Y at 30% were the cheapest and had the lowest production cost and highest percentage savings. \u0000The study was conducted to evaluate the effect, consistency, and economic viability of using different brands and dilution levels of liquid anionic surfactants to detect Mastitis in dairy cattle. Fifty-five milk samples were collected and subjected to macroscopic evaluation at a cattle farm located in Sta. Maria, Bulacan, Philippines. Milk samples were brought to the Philippine Carabao Center National Headquarters and Genepool Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija for Somatic Cell Count. The experiment used 10 treatments with 3 replications arranged in a Completely Randomized Design. The macroscopic evaluation results showed that liquid anionic surfactants at 30%-50% dilution levels could detect Mastitis in dairy cattle. This was validated by the somatic cell count results from PCC Dairy Laboratory. On the other hand, statistical analysis results revealed that the treatments and the control (commercial mastitis test) were comparable except for brand Z at a 40% dilution rate. Brand Z at 30% and 50% dilution rate were found to be consistent among other treatments in detecting Mastitis in dairy cattle. In terms of economic viability, brand X and brand Y at 30% were the cheapest and had the lowest production cost and highest percentage savings.","PeriodicalId":7887,"journal":{"name":"Animal production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48516182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Herbal Antibacterial Formulations Against Mastitis-Causing Bacteria in Dairy Cattle","authors":"Sari Suryanah, S. Nurjannah","doi":"10.20884/1.jap.2021.23.3.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2021.23.3.78","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of antibacterial formulations derived from herbal plants against mastitis-causing bacteria in dairy cattle. Herbal extracts composed of betel leaves extract, kecombrang flower extract, and turmeric extract were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Escherichia coli. The research was carried out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) using ten treatments and four replications at the Laboratory of Research and Testing, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University. The results showed that herbal antibacterial formulations could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Escherichia coli bacteria. The most inhibitory power was obtained from P8 treatment (50% betel leaves + 50% kecombrang flower + 50% turmeric) categorized in \"strong inhibition.\" The percentage of antibacterial inhibition of P8 formulation compared to chloramphenicol was 32% against Staphylococcus aureus, 33% against Streptococcus agalactiae, and 31% against Escherichia coli. Conclusively, the best herbal antibacterial formulation was a combination of 50% betel leaves extract, 50% kecombrang flower extract, and 50% turmeric extract.","PeriodicalId":7887,"journal":{"name":"Animal production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41455056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectivity of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (Multivalen) Vaccination in Swine Case Study in Bali","authors":"A. S. J. Utami, I. Parwati, I. N. Suyasa","doi":"10.20884/1.jap.2021.23.3.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2021.23.3.68","url":null,"abstract":"Swine cattle have high economic advantages and social values ​​ in Balinese society. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) vaccine in gestating sows. We used 26 gestating sows aged 1.5 years old at their last trimester assigning 13 sows in the control group and 13 sows in treatment group to receive multivalent ETEC vaccine twice: on the 70-75 days of gestation and a booster on 100-105 days of gestation. Sows with the vaccine treatment divided into 3 group that groups A was treated antifimbrial K41, groups B was antifimbrial 987P, while in group C was Antiimbrial K88. The changes in temperature were observed from one day before to 4 days after vaccination in a randomized block design. To determine the antibody formed, blood samples were taken one and two weeks after the first vaccine and five weeks after the booster. The blood sample was analyzed by the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. The rates of diarrhea and postnatal mortality were also observed. The results showed that the antibody titer level increased significantly in the fifth week in groups A with titer 1,94 ±0,22 and B with titer 1,98 ± 0,30 , while the number of diarrhea incidents was 0.9% compared to control 34% with a mortality rate of 0%. In conclusion, this multivalent ETEC vaccine is safe to use and has been shown to be effective for ETEC cases in swine.","PeriodicalId":7887,"journal":{"name":"Animal production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48530460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cattle’s Physiology and Behavior Responses Which Transported by Camara Nusantara Vessel","authors":"Shabrina Dyah Wibawanti, M. Yamin, R. Afnan, R. Priyanto","doi":"10.20884/1.jap.2021.23.3.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2021.23.3.13","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to assess the welfare and performance of Bali cattle transported by Camara Nusantara vessel. We observed five-day transporting of 30 Bali cattle (1-2 years old, 100-200kg body weight) from cattle loading at Tenau Port, Kupang and cattle handling during sea transportation to cattle unloading at Tanjung Priok Port, Jakarta. The measured parameters were cattle’s physiological responses, including body surface temperature, foaming (excessive foam around their mouth), respiration (respiration rate during transportation), and panting (any panting behavior during the transport). The behavioral responses measured in this study were feeding behavior (do cattle eat normally during transportation process), lying (can cattle lie normally), agonistic interaction (mounting, head fighting, etc.), freeze during the loading/ unloading process (stop walking during loading and unloading process), coercion (cattle was hit during loading and unloading process), and slip/fall (cattle slipped or fell during loading and unloading process). The welfare evaluation was carried out by scoring system on the observed parameters. The result showed that the cattle showed a normal physiological response, except their body surface temperature was slightly above normal, i.e., 32-35oC. The cattle also showed normal behavior responses except for coercion. The average score gets from this study was 2.5, indicative of slightly poor physiology and behavior when cattle being transported.","PeriodicalId":7887,"journal":{"name":"Animal production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43765258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Eucalyptus Leaves Supplementation in Ration on Lactating Buffaloes Performance","authors":"Said Mahmoud, N. Eweedah, H. Gaafar, M. El-Nahrawy, Sherif Ibrahim Al-Ajawi","doi":"10.20884/1.jap.2021.23.3.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2021.23.3.101","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of fresh and dry eucalyptus leaves on feed intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation activity, blood serum biochemical, milk yield and composition, feed conversion and economic efficiency of lactating buffaloes. Twenty lactating multiparous Egyptian buffaloes in 3rd and 5th lactation seasons and weighed 550 kg on average were used in complete randomized design after 8 weeks of calving (peak period) and assigned into five similar groups of four buffaloes each according to milk yield and live body weight. Animals were individually fed on a basal ration (BR) consisted of 40% concentrate feed mixture (CFM), 30% fresh berseem (FB) and 30% rice straw (RS). The first group was un supplemented and served as a control group (G1). Those in the second and third groups were supplemented with 50 and 100 g of fresh eucalyptus leaves per head per day for low level (G2) and high level (G3). Animals in the fourth and fifth groups were supplemented with 15 and 30 g of dry eucalyptus leaves per head per day for low level (G4) and high level (G5). G3 recorded significantly the highest digestibility coefficients of all nutrients and feeding values followed by G2, G5 and G4, whereas control one (G1) had the lowest values. Ruminal pH value tended to decreased with Eucalyptus leaves additive. Group 3 showed significantly the highest TVFA’s and the lowest NH3-N concentration followed by G2, G5 and G4, while G1 had the opposite trend. Moreover, G3 revealed significantly the highest concentrations of total protein and globulin and the lowest urea, urea-N and creatinine and activity of SGOT and SGPT enzymes in blood serum followed by G2, G5 and G4, while G1 had reverse values. However, serum albumin concentration was nearly similar for the different groups. Group 3 recorded significantly the highest feed intake (DM, TDN and DCP), yield of actual milk and 7% FCM, milk composition (fat, protein, lactose, SNF, TS and ash) and milk constituents yield followed by G2, G5 and G4, while G1 had the lowest values. Also, G3 recorded significantly the lowest amounts of DM, TDN and DCP per 1 kg 7% FCM followed by G2, G5 and G4, while G1 had the highest amounts. At the same time, G3 recorded significantly the highest values of feed cost, output of 7% FCM yield, net revenue and economic efficiency and the lowest feed cost per kg 7% FCM followed by G2, G5 and G4, while G1 had the opposite values. In conclusion, addition of fresh eucalyptus leaves at the level of 100 g/head/day recorded the best improvements in feed intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation activity, some blood serum biochemical, milk yield and composition, feed conversion and economic efficiency of lactating buffaloes.  ","PeriodicalId":7887,"journal":{"name":"Animal production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43866831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supply and Value Chain Models in Cattle Marketing and Its Derivative Products in East Nusa Tenggara Province","authors":"Ulrikus R Lole, A. Keban, J.G. Sogen, N. Mulyantini","doi":"10.20884/1.jap.2021.23.3.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2021.23.3.110","url":null,"abstract":"In general, the determination of the price of cattle is based on the condition of the cattle's body. This will result in an unsatisfactory transfer of revenue value for farmers, because the bargaining position is still weak. In addition, transactions in the marketing chain of beef products and their by-products have not yet been solidly established, so the obligations and rights of some parties are not guaranteed. The objective was to analyze the role of stakeholders in each supply chain and distribution of value chains as revenue in the marketing transactions of cattle, beef, and derivative products. The study was conducted in West Timor, which has 85.0% of the cattle population in NTT. Four sample districts (Kupang, TTS, TTU and Belu) in 8 sample sub-districts or 16 sample villages were included in the study. Respondents in marketing activities consisted of farmers, village traders, sub-district/district traders, slaughter traders, inter-island traders, by-product/waste traders, as well as beef, cowhide, bone, and fat/blood processing industries. Data collection were conducted by a questionnaire-based interview. The data were analyzed descriptively-quantitatively with a supply chain analysis model.  It canbe concluded that (1) Market supply chains include cattle traders (farmers, village traders, sub-district traders, inter-island traders and slaughtering traders), as well as beef traders (fresh beef retailers, frozen beef exporting traders, and processed beef products traders); (2) The ideal model of the value chain in the form of revenue share from marketing of cattle, beef, processed beef products, by-products, and cattle waste has not been fully established in NTT; (3) The ideal model includes five marketing blocks (cattle block, beef block, processed beef block, by-product block, and waste block).","PeriodicalId":7887,"journal":{"name":"Animal production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42831322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Potential of Beef Cattle Business Development in Indramayu District","authors":"F. D. Perwitasari, A. R. S. Putra, B. Suwignyo, R. Widiati","doi":"10.20884/1.jap.2021.23.2.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2021.23.2.86","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to analyze the potential for cattle business development in Indramayu Regency. The research locations selected using purposive sampling method were based on the following criteria: (1) Indramayu Regency is the 2nd largest rice producers in the Province of West Java, (2) The area covers 2,099.42 km2 based on secondary data obtained from BPS Indramayu Regency in numbers and (3) The area of agricultural land is still larger than the area of resident housing. The data analysis method used the carrying capacity index (IDD) and Location Question (LQ) analysis formulas. The data were processed and explained descriptively. The results of this study resulted in carrying capacity values consisting of 3 patterns, namely the highest carrying capacity value > 20,000 AU (Gantar and Terisi). Medium carrying capacity value > 10,000 AU (Cikedung and Gabuswetan). Low value carrying capacity 5.000-10.000 AU (Haurgelis, Suyeg, Juntiyuat, Bongdua, Kertasemaya, Patrol, Kedokanbunder and Sindang). The results of the analysis of IDD > 2 there are 12 sub-districts, meaning that based on the availability of forage feed from agricultural land, it is included in the safe category to increase the population of beef cattle. The potential for beef cattle development in Indramayu Regency needs to be prioritized in 12 sub-districts with LQ > 1 and IDD > 2 accompanied by government policies to support investment in livestock marketing facilities and infrastructure for smallholders.","PeriodicalId":7887,"journal":{"name":"Animal production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41907682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"بررسی مقایسه ای فلفل قرمز با محرکهای رشد تجاری بر عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی در شرایط تنش گرمایی","authors":"محمد رضوانی, فاطمه احمدی","doi":"10.22059/JAP.2021.306164.623547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/JAP.2021.306164.623547","url":null,"abstract":"Effect of red pepper in comparison to commercial growth promoters, Biostrong and Oleobiotec, on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and other traits of broilers under heat stress conditions using 200 day-old broiler chickens mixed male and female of ArborAcers strain in a completely randomized design with four treatments, five replications and ten chickens per replicate were evaluated. Treatments included a basal diet without additives and a basal diet containing 10, 0.1, 0.15 g/kg red pepper, Biostrong, and Oleobiotec,respectively. At the beginning of third week, the birds were exposed to heat stress for six hours per day. During the 42 days of the experiment, the mean minimum and maximum temperatures were 25°C and 33°C. Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, the weight of internal organs, caecal microflora, and precaecal nutrient digestibility were measured for the heat stress period. The use of red pepperimproved the feed conversion ratio and daily weight gain in grower and finisher periods and increased protein, lipid, and dry matter precaecal digestibility, the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius, spleen, and gizzard, and decreased the Ecoli population in caecum compared to the control treatment (P≤0.05). Biostrong and Oleobiotec did not affect growth performance, prececal nutrient digestibility, and the E.colipopulation. Overall, using the red pepper in the diet of broilers compared to commercial growth promoters reduced the adverse effects of heat stress on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and caecal microflora.","PeriodicalId":7887,"journal":{"name":"Animal production","volume":"23 1","pages":"335-344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48990007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}