Animal Cognition最新文献_第2页

Evidence for a general cognitive structure in pigeons (Columba livia) 鸽子（Columba livia）一般认知结构的证据。

IF 1.9 2区生物学

Animal Cognition Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-024-01912-3

Mary Flaim, Aaron P. Blaisdell

{"title":"Evidence for a general cognitive structure in pigeons (Columba livia)","authors":"Mary Flaim, Aaron P. Blaisdell","doi":"10.1007/s10071-024-01912-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10071-024-01912-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A well replicated result in humans is that performance, whether good or bad, is consistent across a wide variety of cognitive tasks. Factor analysis extracts one factor that can account for approximately half of the variance in performance. This factor is termed <i>g</i> and almost all cognitive tasks positively load onto this factor. While some neurobiological correlates of <i>g</i> have been identified in humans, causal experiments are only feasible in animals. When mice and some avian species are assessed with cognitive test batteries, performance positively correlates, and the first component extracted has similar properties to <i>g</i>. There are some limitations to the species tested thus far, including comparability in the cognitive domains assessed. The pigeon is an ideal subject to overcome these issues since pigeons, humans, and other primates are frequently given similar tasks and many neural correlates of performance have been identified in the pigeon. We created a test battery that assessed different domains, including associative learning, memory, cognitive flexibility, and reaction time. When all tasks were included, there was evidence for a two-component structure that was influenced by subjects’ age. When the reaction time task was excluded, there was a <i>g-like</i> component. The implications for these results when constructing future test batteries and comparing across species are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7879,"journal":{"name":"Animal Cognition","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10071-024-01912-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142563809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rats’ performance in a suboptimal choice procedure implemented in a natural-foraging analogue 大鼠在自然觅食模拟的次优选择程序中的表现。

IF 1.9 2区生物学

Animal Cognition Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-024-01913-2

Fernanda González-Barriga, Vladimir Orduña

{"title":"Rats’ performance in a suboptimal choice procedure implemented in a natural-foraging analogue","authors":"Fernanda González-Barriga, Vladimir Orduña","doi":"10.1007/s10071-024-01913-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10071-024-01913-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rats and pigeons have shown striking differences in their behavior in the suboptimal choice procedure: while pigeons show a strong and consistent preference for the discriminative alternative, most studies performed with rats have found optimal preferences, and in the cases in which suboptimal preferences have been reported, those results have not been replicated. Currently, there is no consensus about the reasons for these discrepant results between species, but different explanations have been proposed either with an empirical base or exclusively in theoretical terms. In the latter category it has been proposed that the discrepancy might have arisen because of differences in the relationship between the natural foraging response of each species, and the response required in the laboratory. For analyzing this possibility, we conducted two experiments carried out within a maze that was specifically designed to allow rats to display behaviors related to their natural foraging. In experiment 1, we explored rats’ preferences when facing a discriminative alternative with probability of reinforcement (p) = 0.5, and a non-discriminative alternative with <i>p</i> = .75. In experiment 2, we evaluated preferences when the discriminative alternative had <i>p</i> = .20 and the non-discriminative had <i>p</i> = .50, rats were evaluated in a closed economy, with longer terminal links, and were allowed to escape from the outcome found. In both studies, rats showed a strong preference for the non-discriminative alternative and showed very high levels of discrimination between the positive and the negative outcomes of the discriminative alternative.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7879,"journal":{"name":"Animal Cognition","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10071-024-01913-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Odour generalisation and detection dog training 气味泛化和探测犬训练

IF 1.9 2区生物学

Animal Cognition Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-024-01907-0

Lyn Caldicott, Thomas W. Pike, Helen E. Zulch, Daniel S. Mills, Fiona J. Williams, Kevin R. Elliker, Bethany Hutchings, Anna Wilkinson

{"title":"Odour generalisation and detection dog training","authors":"Lyn Caldicott, Thomas W. Pike, Helen E. Zulch, Daniel S. Mills, Fiona J. Williams, Kevin R. Elliker, Bethany Hutchings, Anna Wilkinson","doi":"10.1007/s10071-024-01907-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10071-024-01907-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Detection dogs are required to search for and alert to specific odours of interest, such as drugs, cadavers, disease markers and explosives. However, the odour released from different samples of the same target substance will vary for a number of reasons, including the production method, evaporation, degradation, or by being mixed with extraneous odours. Generalisation, the tendency to respond in the same manner to stimuli which are different – but similar to – a conditioned stimulus, is therefore a crucial requirement for working detection dogs. Odour is a complex modality which poses unique challenges in terms of reliably predicting generalisation, when compared with auditory or visual stimuli. The primary aim of this review is to explore recent advances in our understanding of generalisation and the factors that influence it, and to consider these in light of detection dog training methods currently used in the field. We identify potential risks associated with certain training practices, and highlight areas where research is lacking and which warrant further investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7879,"journal":{"name":"Animal Cognition","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10071-024-01907-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Breeding stages affect egg recognition in azure-winged magpies (Cyanopica cyanus) 繁殖阶段对蔚蓝翅喜鹊（Cyanopica cyanus）卵识别的影响

IF 1.9 2区生物学

Animal Cognition Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-024-01915-0

Jianping Liu, Fudong Zhou, Hanlin Yan, Wei Liang

{"title":"Breeding stages affect egg recognition in azure-winged magpies (Cyanopica cyanus)","authors":"Jianping Liu, Fudong Zhou, Hanlin Yan, Wei Liang","doi":"10.1007/s10071-024-01915-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10071-024-01915-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Egg rejection often involves a cognitive process of recognizing foreign eggs, which can vary not only between species or among different individuals of the same species, but also within the same individual during different breeding stages, leading to markedly different responses to parasitic eggs. We conducted a comparative study in Wuhan, Hubei, and Fusong, Jilin, China, on the recognition and rejection behavior of azure-winged magpies (<i>Cyanopica cyanus</i>) at different breeding stages (pre-egg-laying, one-host-egg, multi-host-egg and early incubation stages). In the Fusong population, there was a significant difference in the rejection rate of model eggs by azure-winged magpies at different stages of the egg-laying period. During the one-host-egg stage, the rejection rate (63.6%) was significantly lower than that during the pre-egg-laying stage (85.7%) and the multi-host-egg stage (100%). The population of azure-winged magpies in Wuhan exhibited a 100% rejection rate towards model eggs during the pre-egg-laying stage. Furthermore, during the incubation stage, azure-winged magpies were able to accurately recognize and reject foreign eggs even when those were in majority. This indicates that azure-winged magpies employ a template-based recognition mechanism rather than relying on discordance mechanism for recognition after the onset of incubation. This study suggests that while azure-winged magpies can truly recognize their own eggs, different breeding stages still influence their rejection response towards parasitic eggs, especially during the pre-egg-laying and egg laying stages.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7879,"journal":{"name":"Animal Cognition","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10071-024-01915-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142540509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measuring self-control in a wild songbird using a spatial discounting task 利用空间折扣任务测量野生鸣禽的自我控制能力

IF 1.9 2区生物学

Animal Cognition Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-024-01911-4

Ella McCallum, Rachael C. Shaw

{"title":"Measuring self-control in a wild songbird using a spatial discounting task","authors":"Ella McCallum, Rachael C. Shaw","doi":"10.1007/s10071-024-01911-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10071-024-01911-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Self-control allows animals to resist instant gratification and invest more time and/or energy in better outcomes. However, widespread temporal self-control tasks lack ecological validity for many species, and few studies have explored whether self-control can be measured in the wild. We used a spatial discounting task resembling natural foraging decisions to measure self-control in wild toutouwai (<i>Petroica longipes</i>), a songbird endemic to New Zealand. Birds chose between a near, low-quality food item and a high-quality food item further away. Toutouwai showed striking individual variation in their self-control abilities. Validation tests suggested that our task reliably measured self-control in a spatial foraging context. However, individual-level performance was confounded by food preferences and the satiation and/or learning effects associated with increasing trial number, limiting the applicability of this task as a measure of individual variation in self-control. Nonetheless, we found no correlation between an individual’s self-control and their inhibitory control measured using a detour task, suggesting that self-control is a distinct ability from the suppression of impulsive motor actions in toutouwai. This study demonstrates for the first time that a bird is capable of self-control in a spatial context and provides suggestions for how future researchers may robustly quantify individual differences in self-control in the wild.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7879,"journal":{"name":"Animal Cognition","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Background predation risk induces anxiety-like behaviour and predator neophobia in zebrafish 背景捕食风险会诱发斑马鱼的焦虑行为和捕食者恐新症。

IF 1.9 2区生物学

Animal Cognition Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-024-01908-z

Himal Thapa, Arash Salahinejad, Adam L. Crane, Ahmad Ghobeishavi, Maud C. O. Ferrari

{"title":"Background predation risk induces anxiety-like behaviour and predator neophobia in zebrafish","authors":"Himal Thapa, Arash Salahinejad, Adam L. Crane, Ahmad Ghobeishavi, Maud C. O. Ferrari","doi":"10.1007/s10071-024-01908-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10071-024-01908-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Prey face a major challenge in balancing predator avoidance with other essential activities. In environments with high risk, prey may exhibit neophobia (fear of novelty) due to the increased likelihood of novel stimuli being dangerous. The zebrafish, <i>Danio rerio</i>, is an established model organism for many scientific studies. Although spatial and object neophobia in zebrafish have received previous attention, little is known about the role of background risk in inducing neophobia in zebrafish. Here, we present two experiments using zebrafish to explore whether background predation risk can induce anxiety-like behaviour in a novel environment and neophobic responses when exposed to a novel odour. Over five days, we repeatedly exposed zebrafish to either high background risk in the form of chemical alarm cues (i.e., injured conspecific cues that indicate a predator attack) or a low-risk water control stimulus. In Experiment 1, when tested in a novel tank, zebrafish exposed to high predation risk displayed anxiety-like responses (reduced activity and increased bottom time spent) compared to their low-risk counterparts. Moreover, high-risk individuals showed reduced intra-session habituation to the novel tank compared to low-risk individuals. In Experiment 2, high-risk individuals exhibited fear responses toward a novel odour, unlike low-risk individuals. These results reveal that short-term repeated exposures to high risk can induce anxiety-like behaviour and predator odour neophobia in zebrafish.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7879,"journal":{"name":"Animal Cognition","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When does metacognition evolve in the opt-out paradigm? 元认知在选择退出范式中何时发展？

IF 1.9 2区生物学

Animal Cognition Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-024-01910-5

Robin Watson

{"title":"When does metacognition evolve in the opt-out paradigm?","authors":"Robin Watson","doi":"10.1007/s10071-024-01910-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10071-024-01910-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metacognition (awareness of one’s own knowledge) is taken for granted in humans, but its evolution in non-human animals is not well understood. While there is experimental evidence of seemingly metacognitive judgements across species, studies rarely focus on why metacognition may have evolved. To address this, I present an evolutionary model of the opt-out paradigm, a common experiment used to assess animal’s metacognition. Individuals are repeatedly presented with a task or problem and must decide between opting-out and receiving a fixed payoff or opting-in and receiving a larger reward if they successfully solve the task. Two evolving traits – bias and metacognition – jointly determine whether individuals opt-in. The task’s reward, the mean probability of success and the variability in success across trials, and the cost of metacognition were varied. Results identify two scenarios where metacognition evolves: (1) environments where success variability is high; and (2) environments where mean success is low, but rewards are high. Overall, the results support predictions implicating uncertainty in the evolution of metacognition but suggest metacognition may also evolve in conditions where metacognition can be used to identify cases where an otherwise inaccessible high payoff is easy to acquire.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7879,"journal":{"name":"Animal Cognition","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10071-024-01910-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142453103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring horses’ (Equus caballus) gaze and asymmetric ear position in relation to human attentional cues 探索马匹（Equus caballus）的凝视和不对称耳位与人类注意力线索的关系

IF 1.9 2区生物学

Animal Cognition Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-024-01909-y

Gabriela Barrera, Anna Albiach-Serrano, Federico Guillén-Salazar

{"title":"Exploring horses’ (Equus caballus) gaze and asymmetric ear position in relation to human attentional cues","authors":"Gabriela Barrera, Anna Albiach-Serrano, Federico Guillén-Salazar","doi":"10.1007/s10071-024-01909-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10071-024-01909-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Studies have shown that horses are sensitive to human attentional cues. Also, there is some evidence that they might be able to infer the knowledge state of a human and communicate intentionally with us. However, this ability is not fully characterized and certain behaviors, like gaze, asymmetric ears position or vocalizations, which could work as attention-getting behaviors, have been scarcely studied in this context. The aim of the present study was to assess whether horses’ gaze toward a person, asymmetric ears position and vocalizations are subject to audience effects and adjust to human attentional cues, which would suggest a communicative function. For this purpose, we adapted a protocol used with domestic dogs [Kaminski et al. 2017] and observed horses’ spontaneous behavior (gaze, asymmetric ears position and vocalizations) in the presence of a human holding and not holding food in an attentive position (facing the horse with open eyes) and in a non-attentive position (with her back turned towards the horse). We found significant evidence of horses being sensitive to human attentional cues (reflected in the horses’ gaze duration and asymmetric position of the ears), but not of intentional communication towards humans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7879,"journal":{"name":"Animal Cognition","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10071-024-01909-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142453122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of pre-session discrimination training on performance in a judgement bias test in dogs 会前辨别力训练对狗的判断偏差测试成绩的影响

IF 1.9 2区生物学

Animal Cognition Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-024-01905-2

Joseph Krahn, Amin Azadian, Camila Cavalli, Julia Miller, Alexandra Protopopova

{"title":"Effect of pre-session discrimination training on performance in a judgement bias test in dogs","authors":"Joseph Krahn, Amin Azadian, Camila Cavalli, Julia Miller, Alexandra Protopopova","doi":"10.1007/s10071-024-01905-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10071-024-01905-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spatial judgement bias tests (JBTs) can involve teaching animals that a bowl provides a reward in one location but does not in another. The animal is then presented with the bowl placed between the rewarded and the unrewarded locations (i.e., ambiguous locations) and their latency to approach reflects expectation of reward or ‘optimism’. Some suggest that greater ‘optimism’ indicates better welfare. Performance in JBTs, however, may also indicate a learning history independently from welfare determinants. We hypothesized that dogs’ ‘optimism’ in a follow-up JBT may be impacted by a learning treatment involving additional trials of a different discrimination task. Once enrolled, companion dogs (<i>n</i> = 16) were required to complete three study phases: (1) a pre-treatment JBT, (2) a learning treatment, and (3) a post-treatment JBT. During the JBTs, dogs were presented with five locations: one rewarded, one unrewarded, and three ambiguous (all unrewarded). Dogs were randomly assigned to a trial-based learning task—a nose-touch to the palm of the hand. In the Experimental discrimination treatment phase (<i>n</i> = 8), dogs were presented with two hands in each trial and only rewarded for touching one specific hand. In the Control treatment phase (<i>n</i> = 8), dogs were presented with one hand per trial in alternating sequence and were yoked to dogs in the Experimental group to receive the same number of rewarded and unrewarded trials (to control for possible frustration). Using a repeated measures mixed model with JBT repeated within dog, we found no difference in the change in approach latency to the ambiguous locations between the dogs across treatments. ‘Optimism’ as measured in this JBT was not altered by the additional discrimination trials used in our study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7879,"journal":{"name":"Animal Cognition","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10071-024-01905-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142411508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to: Are lateralized and bold fish optimistic or pessimistic? 更正：横向大胆的鱼是乐观还是悲观？

IF 1.9 2区生物学

Animal Cognition Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-024-01894-2

Flavia Berlinghieri, Gabriele Rizzuto, Lara Kruizinga, Bernd Riedstra, Ton G. G. Groothuis, Culum Brown

引用次数: 0