American Journal of Neuroradiology最新文献

{"title":"Acute and Chronic Kernicterus: MR Imaging Evolution of Globus Pallidus Signal Change during Childhood.","authors":"J Gburek-Augustat, I Sorge, M Stange, J Kern, A Merkenschlager, T Nägele, I Krägeloh-Mann","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A7948","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A7948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Despite its rarity in Western countries, kernicterus resulting from severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and its associated neurologic consequences still persists. Subtle MR imaging patterns may be overlooked, leading to diagnostic and prognostic uncertainties. The study systematically analyzes MR imaging pattern over time.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective MR imaging study was conducted in Departments of Pediatric Neurology at the University Children's Hospitals in Leipzig, Germany, or Tübingen, Germany, between 2012 and 2022 in patients who presented beyond the neonatal period suspected of having chronic kernicterus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight patients with a total of 15 MR images were identified. The clinical diagnosis of kernicterus was confirmed in all cases on the basis of typical MR imaging findings: Bilateral, diffuse hyperintensity of the globus pallidus was observed in the neonatal period on T1WI (1 MR imaging, at 2 weeks), in infancy on T2WI (4 MR images, at 9-26 months). In children 2 years of age and older, bilateral hyperintensity on T2WI was limited to the borders of the globus pallidus (8 MR images, at 20 months -13 years). Notably, 2 children exhibited normal initial MR imaging findings at 2 months of age. Hence, MR imaging depiction of kernicterus pathology evolves with time, first evident on T1WI, subsequently on T2WI, with a \"blind window\" during early infancy. The T2WI signal change initially involves the entire globus pallidus and later is limited to the borders. Kernicterus had not been diagnosed in any except 2 patients by previous investigators.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All patients presented with a characteristic clinical history and signs and an evolving MR imaging pattern. Nonetheless, the diagnosis of kernicterus was frequently missed. Abnormalities on later MR images appear to be underrecognized.</p>","PeriodicalId":7875,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Neuroradiology","volume":"44 9","pages":"1090-1095"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10494954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10274061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iterative Denoising Accelerated 3D FLAIR Sequence for Hydrops MR Imaging at 3T.","authors":"R Quint, A Vaussy, A Stemmer, C Hautefort, E Houdart, M Eliezer","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A7953","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A7953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>3D FLAIR sequences have become the criterion standard for identifying endolymphatic hydrops, but scan time remains an important limitation to their widespread use. Our purpose was to evaluate the diagnostic performance and image quality of an accelerated 3D FLAIR sequence combined with an iterative denoising algorithm.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a retrospective study performed on 30 patients with clinical suspicion of endolymphatic hydrops who underwent 3T MR imaging 4 hours after gadolinium injection using two 3D FLAIR sequences. The first (conventional FLAIR) was accelerated with a conventional turbo factor of 187. The second was accelerated with an increased turbo factor of 263, resulting in a 33% scan time reduction (5 minutes 36 seconds versus 8 minutes 15 seconds, respectively). A sequence was reconstructed in-line immediately after the accelerated 3D FLAIR acquisition from the same raw data with iterative denoising (accelerated-FLAIR iterative denoising). The signal intensity ratio image quality score and endolymphatic hydrops diagnosis were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean signal intensity ratio for symptomatic and asymptomatic ears of accelerated-FLAIR iterative denoising was significantly higher than the mean SNR of conventional FLAIR (29.5 versus 19 and 25.9 versus 16.3, <i>P</i> < .001). Compared with the conventional FLAIR sequence, the image-quality score was higher with accelerated-FLAIR iterative denoising (mean image-quality score, 3.8 [SD, 0.4] versus 3.3 [SD, 0.6] for accelerated-FLAIR iterative denoising and conventional FLAIR, respectively, <i>P</i> = .003). There was no significant difference in the diagnosis of endolymphatic hydrops between the 2 sequences. Interreader agreement was good-to-excellent.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The iterative denoising algorithm applied to an accelerated 3D FLAIR sequence for exploration of endolymphatic hydrops enabled significantly reducing the scan time without compromising image quality and diagnostic performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":7875,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Neuroradiology","volume":"44 9","pages":"1064-1069"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10494947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10568154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DTI of Opioid-Exposed Fetuses Using ComBat Harmonization: A Bi-Institutional Study.","authors":"J A Dudley, U D Nagaraj, S Merhar, F T Mangano, B M Kline-Fath, X Ou, A Acheson, W Yuan","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A7951","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A7951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>The underlying mechanisms leading to altered cognitive, behavioral, and vision outcomes in children with prenatal opioid exposure are yet to be fully understood. Some studies suggest WM alterations in infants and children with prenatal opioid exposure; however, the time course of WM changes is unknown. We aimed to evaluate differences in diffusion tensor imaging MRI parameters in the brain between opioid exposed fetuses and normal controls.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This is a pilot, prospective cohort study in which subjects in the third trimester of pregnancy underwent fetal DTI of the brain with 20 noncolinear diffusion directions and a b-value of 500 s/mm² at 2.5-mm isotropic resolution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included a total of 26 fetuses, 11 opioid-exposed (mean gestational age, 32.61 [SD, 2.35] weeks) and 15 unexposed controls (mean gestational age, 31.77 [SD, 1.68] weeks). After we adjusted for gestational age, fractional anisotropy values were significantly higher in opioid-exposed fetuses relative to controls in 8 WM tracts: the bilateral lemniscus (left: <i>P</i> = .017; right: <i>P</i> = .020), middle cerebellar peduncle (<i>P</i> = .027), left inferior cerebellar peduncle <i>(P</i> = .026), right sagittal stratum (<i>P</i> = .040), right fornix stria terminalis (<i>P</i> = .022), right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (<i>P</i> = .011), and the right uncinate fasciculus (<i>P</i> = .033). Significant alteration was also identified in other DTI indices involving a series of brain regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our data demonstrate initial evidence of cerebral WM microstructural differences between opioid-exposed fetuses and unexposed controls. Further studies in larger patient populations will be needed to fully understand these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":7875,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Neuroradiology","volume":"44 9","pages":"1084-1089"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10494946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10273534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Learning Segmentation of the Nucleus Basalis of Meynert on 3T MRI.","authors":"D J Doss, G W Johnson, S Narasimhan, J S Shless, J W Jiang, H F J González, D L Paulo, A Lucas, K A Davis, C Chang, V L Morgan, C Constantinidis, B M Dawant, D J Englot","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A7950","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A7950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>The nucleus basalis of Meynert is a key subcortical structure that is important in arousal and cognition and has been explored as a deep brain stimulation target but is difficult to study due to its small size, variability among patients, and lack of contrast on 3T MR imaging. Thus, our goal was to establish and evaluate a deep learning network for automatic, accurate, and patient-specific segmentations with 3T MR imaging.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Patient-specific segmentations can be produced manually; however, the nucleus basalis of Meynert is difficult to accurately segment on 3T MR imaging, with 7T being preferred. Thus, paired 3T and 7T MR imaging data sets of 21 healthy subjects were obtained. A test data set of 6 subjects was completely withheld. The nucleus was expertly segmented on 7T, providing accurate labels for the paired 3T MR imaging. An external data set of 14 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy was used to test the model on brains with neurologic disorders. A 3D-Unet convolutional neural network was constructed, and a 5-fold cross-validation was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The novel segmentation model demonstrated significantly improved Dice coefficients over the standard probabilistic atlas for both healthy subjects (mean, 0.68 [SD, 0.10] versus 0.45 [SD, 0.11], <i>P</i> = .002, <i>t</i> test) and patients (0.64 [SD, 0.10] versus 0.37 [SD, 0.22], <i>P</i> < .001). Additionally, the model demonstrated significantly decreased centroid distance in patients (1.18 [SD, 0.43] mm, 3.09 [SD, 2.56] mm, <i>P</i> = .007).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We developed the first model, to our knowledge, for automatic and accurate patient-specific segmentation of the nucleus basalis of Meynert. This model may enable further study into the nucleus, impacting new treatments such as deep brain stimulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7875,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Neuroradiology","volume":"44 9","pages":"1020-1025"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10494939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10273540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generative Adversarial Network-Enhanced Ultra-Low-Dose [¹⁸F]-PI-2620 τ PET/MRI in Aging and Neurodegenerative Populations.","authors":"K T Chen, R Tesfay, M E I Koran, J Ouyang, S Shams, C B Young, G Davidzon, T Liang, M Khalighi, E Mormino, G Zaharchuk","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A7961","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A7961","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>With the utility of hybrid τ PET/MR imaging in the screening, diagnosis, and follow-up of individuals with neurodegenerative diseases, we investigated whether deep learning techniques can be used in enhancing ultra-low-dose [¹⁸F]-PI-2620 τ PET/MR images to produce diagnostic-quality images.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty-four healthy aging participants and patients with neurodegenerative diseases were recruited for this study, and [¹⁸F]-PI-2620 τ PET/MR data were simultaneously acquired. A generative adversarial network was trained to enhance ultra-low-dose τ images, which were reconstructed from a random sampling of 1/20 (approximately 5% of original count level) of the original full-dose data. MR images were also used as additional input channels. Region-based analyses as well as a reader study were conducted to assess the image quality of the enhanced images compared with their full-dose counterparts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The enhanced ultra-low-dose τ images showed apparent noise reduction compared with the ultra-low-dose images. The regional standard uptake value ratios showed that while, in general, there is an underestimation for both image types, especially in regions with higher uptake, when focusing on the healthy-but-amyloid-positive population (with relatively lower τ uptake), this bias was reduced in the enhanced ultra-low-dose images. The radiotracer uptake patterns in the enhanced images were read accurately compared with their full-dose counterparts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The clinical readings of deep learning-enhanced ultra-low-dose τ PET images were consistent with those performed with full-dose imaging, suggesting the possibility of reducing the dose and enabling more frequent examinations for dementia monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":7875,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Neuroradiology","volume":"44 9","pages":"1012-1019"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10494955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10273561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CT Perfusion Does Not Modify the Effect of Reperfusion in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Undergoing Endovascular Treatment in the ESCAPE-NA1 Trial.","authors":"N B Rex, R V McDonough, J M Ospel, N Kashani, A Sehgal, J C Fladt, R A McTaggart, R Nogueira, B Menon, A M Demchuk, M Tymianski, M D Hill, M Goyal","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A7954","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A7954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Although reperfusion is associated with improved outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular treatment, many patients still do poorly. We investigated whether CTP modifies the effect of near-complete reperfusion on clinical outcomes, ie, whether poor clinical outcomes despite near-complete reperfusion can be partly or fully explained by CTP findings.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Data are from the Safety and Efficacy of Nerinetide in Subjects Undergoing Endovascular Thrombectomy for Stroke (ESCAPE-NA1) trial. Admission CTP was processed using RAPID software, generating relative CBF and CBV volume maps at standard thresholds. CTP lesion volumes were compared in patients with-versus-without near-complete reperfusion. Associations between each CTP metric and clinical outcome (90-day mRS) were tested using multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for baseline imaging and clinical variables. Treatment-effect modification was assessed by introducing CTP lesion volume × reperfusion interaction terms in the models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CTP lesion volumes and reperfusion status were available in 410/1105 patients. CTP lesion volumes were overall larger in patients without near-complete reperfusion, albeit not always statistically significant. Increased CBF <34%, CBV <34%, CBV <38%, and CBV <42% lesion volumes were associated with worse clinical outcome (ordinal mRS) at 90 days. CTP core lesion volumes did not modify the treatment effect of near-complete recanalization on clinical outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CTP did not modify the effect of near-complete reperfusion on clinical outcomes. Thus, CTP cannot explain why some patients with near-complete reperfusion have poor clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7875,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Neuroradiology","volume":"44 9","pages":"1045-1049"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10494951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10568764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrast Injection from an Intermediate Catheter Placed in an Intradural Artery is Associated with Contrast-Induced Encephalopathy following Neurointervention.","authors":"M Fuga, T Tanaka, R Tachi, S Yamana, K Irie, I Kajiwara, A Teshigawara, T Ishibashi, Y Hasegawa, Y Murayama","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A7944","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A7944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Contrast-induced encephalopathy can result from neurotoxicity of contrast medium in the affected area. The development of intermediate catheters has allowed guidance of catheters to more distal arteries. This study focused on the association between contrast-induced encephalopathy and contrast injection from an intermediate catheter guided into a distal intradural artery during neurointervention for cerebral aneurysms.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed 420 consecutive aneurysms in 396 patients who underwent neurointervention for extracranial aneurysms and unruptured intracranial aneurysms at our institution from February 2012 to January 2023. Patients were divided into a group with contrast-induced encephalopathy and a group without. To identify risk factors for contrast-induced encephalopathy, we compared clinical, anatomic, and procedural factors between groups by multivariate logistic regression analysis and stepwise selection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 396 patients who underwent neurointervention for cerebral aneurysms, 14 (3.5%) developed contrast-induced encephalopathy. Compared with the group without contrast-induced encephalopathy, the group with contrast-induced encephalopathy showed significantly higher rates of patients on hemodialysis, previously treated aneurysms, intradural placement of a catheter for angiography, nonionic contrast medium, and flow-diversion procedures in univariate analyses. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed intradural placement of a catheter for angiography (OR = 40.4; 95% CI, 8.63-189) and previously treated aneurysms (OR = 8.20; 95% CI, 2.26-29.6) as independent predictors of contrast-induced encephalopathy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Contrast injection from an intradural artery and retreatment of recurrent aneurysms were major risk factors for contrast-induced encephalopathy. Attention should be paid to the location of the intermediate catheter for angiography to avoid developing contrast-induced encephalopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7875,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Neuroradiology","volume":"44 9","pages":"1057-1063"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10494956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10585161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Changes in Cerebral Perfusion, Perivascular Space Volume, and Ventricular Volume in a Healthy Cohort Undergoing a Spaceflight Analog.","authors":"J B Tidwell, J A Taylor, H R Collins, J H Chamberlin, G Barisano, F Sepehrband, M D Turner, G Gauthier, E R Mulder, D A Gerlach, D R Roberts","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A7949","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A7949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>A global decrease in brain perfusion has recently been reported during exposure to a ground-based spaceflight analog. Considering that CSF and glymphatic flow are hypothesized to be propelled by arterial pulsations, it is unknown whether a change in perfusion would impact these CSF compartments. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the relationship among changes in cerebral perfusion, ventricular volume, and perivascular space volume before, during, and after a spaceflight analog.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eleven healthy participants underwent 30 days of bed rest at 6° head-down tilt with 0.5% atmospheric CO₂ as a spaceflight analog. For each participant, 6 MR imaging brain scans, including perfusion and anatomic-weighted T1 sequences, were obtained before, during, and after the analog period. Global perfusion, ventricular volume, and perivascular space volume time courses were constructed and evaluated with repeated measures ANOVAs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Global perfusion followed a divergent time trajectory from ventricular and perivascular space volume, with perfusion decreasing during the analog, whereas ventricular and perivascular space volume increased (<i>P</i> < .001). These patterns subsequently reversed during the 2-week recovery period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The patterns of change in brain physiology observed in healthy participants suggest a relationship between cerebral perfusion and CSF homeostasis. Further study is warranted to determine whether a causal relationship exists and whether similar neurophysiologic responses occur during spaceflight.</p>","PeriodicalId":7875,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Neuroradiology","volume":"44 9","pages":"1026-1031"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10494950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10273535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of the MP2RAGE 7T Sequence in MS Lesions of the Cervical Spinal Cord.","authors":"B Testud, N Fabiani, S Demortière, S Mchinda, N L Medina, J Pelletier, M Guye, B Audoin, J P Stellmann, V Callot","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A7964","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A7964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>The detection of spinal cord lesions in patients with MS is challenging. Recently, the 3D MP2RAGE sequence demonstrated its usefulness at 3T. Benefiting from the high spatial resolution provided by ultra-high-field MR imaging systems, we aimed to evaluate the contribution of the 3D MP2RAGE sequence acquired at 7T for the detection of MS lesions in the cervical spine.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Seventeen patients with MS participated in this study. They were examined at both 3T and 7T. The MR imaging examination included a Magnetic Imaging in MS (MAGNIMS) protocol with an axial T2*-WI gradient recalled-echo sequence (\"optimized MAGNIMS protocol\") and a 0.9-mm isotropic 3D MP2RAGE sequence at 3T, as well as a 0.7-mm isotropic and 0.3-mm in-plane-resolution anisotropic 3D MP2RAGE sequences at 7T. Each data set was read by a consensus of radiologists, neurologists, and neuroscientists. The number of lesions and their topography, as well as the visibility of the lesions from one set to another, were carefully analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 55 lesions were detected. The absolute number of visible lesions differed among the 4 sequences (linear mixed effect ANOVA, <i>P</i> = .020). The highest detection was observed for the two 7T sequences with 51 lesions each (92.7% of the total). The optimized 3T MAGNIMS protocol and the 3T MP2RAGE isotropic sequence detected 41 (74.5%) and 35 lesions (63.6%), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The 7T MP2RAGE sequences detected more lesions than the 3T sets. Isotropic and anisotropic acquisitions performed comparably. Ultra-high-resolution sequences obtained at 7T improve the identification and delineation of lesions of the cervical spinal cord in MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":7875,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Neuroradiology","volume":"44 9","pages":"1101-1107"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10494945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10273537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Maturation Patterns on Normalized FLAIR MR Imaging in Children and Adolescents.","authors":"K Chan, A Ghazvanchahi, D Rabba, L Vidarsson, M W Wagner, B B Ertl-Wagner, A Khademi","doi":"10.3174/ajnr.A7966","DOIUrl":"10.3174/ajnr.A7966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Signal analysis of FLAIR sequences is gaining momentum for studying neurodevelopment and brain maturation, but FLAIR intensity varies across scanners and needs to be normalized. This study aimed to establish normative values for standardized FLAIR intensity in the pediatric brain.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A new automated algorithm for signal normalization was used to standardize FLAIR intensity across scanners and subjects. Mean intensity was extracted from GM, WM, deep GM, and cortical GM regions. Regression curves were fitted across the pediatric age range, and ANOVA was used to investigate intensity differences across age groups. Correlations between intensity and regional volume were also examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed 429 pediatric FLAIR sequences in children 2-19 years of age with a median age of 11.2 years, including 199 males and 230 females. WM intensity had a parabolic relationship with age, with significant differences between various age groups (<i>P</i> < .05). GM and cortical GM intensity increased over the pediatric age range, with significant differences between early childhood and adolescence (<i>P</i> < .05). There were no significant relationships between volume and intensity in early childhood, while there were significant positive and negative correlations (<i>P</i> < .05) in WM and GM, respectively, for increasing age groups. Only the oldest age group showed significant differences between males and females (<i>P</i> < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This work presents a FLAIR intensity standardization algorithm to normalize intensity across large data sets, which allows FLAIR intensity to be used to compare regions and individuals as a surrogate measure of the developing pediatric brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":7875,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Neuroradiology","volume":"44 9","pages":"1077-1083"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10494943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10273560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}