American journal of industrial medicine最新文献

{"title":"Protective action in the workplace in the time of COVID-19: The role of worker representation","authors":"Laia Ollé-Espluga PhD,&nbsp;Raúl Payá Castiblanque PhD,&nbsp;Clara Llorens-Serrano PhD,&nbsp;Laura Esteve-Matalí PhD,&nbsp;Albert Navarro-Giné PhD","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23578","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23578","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study addresses the contribution of worker representation to health and safety in the pandemic context. To do so, we examine whether the self-reported presence of representatives in workplaces is associated with the implementation of anti-COVID-19 protective action and with which type of measures their existence is most strongly associated (individual, collective or organizational). The article also explores how the presence of worker representatives and anti-COVID-19 protective measures are distributed according to workers' socio-professional characteristics and company features.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is a cross-sectional study based on an online survey conducted in Spain (n = 19,452 workers). Multiple Correspondence Analysis was used for the multivariate description while the association between worker representation and protective measures was assessed by robust Poisson regressions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The maps resulting from the Multiple Correspondence Analysis allow for the identification of patterns of inequalities in protection, with a clear occupational social class divide. The regression models show that protective measures are applied more frequently where worker representatives exist, this association being particularly strong in relation to organizational measures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The presence of worker representation is systematically associated with a greater presence of protective measures, which could have implications for the reduction of social inequalities resulting from labor-management practices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"67 5","pages":"453-465"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140058553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational lung cancer screening: A Collegium Ramazzini statement","authors":"Steven Markowitz MD, DrPH,&nbsp;Knut Ringen DrPH, MHA, MPH,&nbsp;John M. Dement PhD,&nbsp;Kurt Straif MD, PhD, MPH,&nbsp;L. Christine Oliver MD, MPH, MS,&nbsp;Eduardo Algranti MD, MSc, PhD,&nbsp;Dennis Nowak MD,&nbsp;Rodney Ehrlich MBCHB, DOH, FCPHM(SA)(Occ Med), PhD,&nbsp;Melissa A. McDiarmid MD, MPH, DABT,&nbsp;Albert Miller MD,&nbsp;Collegium Ramazzini","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23572","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23572","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Lung cancer is the most common cause of death from cancer in the world. It is also the most common lethal work-related cancer. After tobacco smoking, occupational exposures present the most frequent specific cause of lung cancer that is amenable to intervention.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Early detection and treatment can identify and cure primary lung cancer. Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening among persons at high risk of lung cancer. Guidelines for determining eligibility for LDCT screening have been established for the general population but have largely neglected those for whom occupational exposure to lung carcinogens is a risk factor.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Collegium recommends that persons at risk for lung cancer from occupational exposures be offered annual LDCT if their cumulative risk of lung cancer approximates the level of risk endorsed by the guidelines promulgated by the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) in 2021 and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) in the United States in 2021. At present, these agencies recommend screening for people aged 50 and over who have smoked at least 20 pack-years of cigarettes. The Collegium recommends that additional lung cancer risk factors, including exposure to known or suspected occupational and environmental lung carcinogens; family history of lung cancer (especially among first degree relatives and relatives &lt;60 years of age); a personal history of chronic obstructive lung disease, pneumoconiosis, or pulmonary fibrosis; or a personal history of cancer (excluding skin cancer) be considered as part of the risk assessment for eligibility determination for lung cancer screening. Latency, or the period of time since initial occupational exposure (e.g., &gt;15 years) is another factor that should be considered. If the presence of these additional risk factors, in combination with age and smoking history, is associated with a level of risk that meets or exceeds the level of risk identified by the USPSTF and NCCN, then an annual low dose chest CT for lung cancer screening should be offered. We do not favor a specific age cut-off at which to end screening, but we recognize that only persons who are sufficiently healthy and have sufficient life expectancy to undergo diagnostic work-up and potentially curative treatment should be offered screening for lung cancer. In view of the rising risk of occupational lung cancer over time and the potential or actual interaction between occupational lung carcinogens and cigarette smoking even after quitting, screening programs may choose to screen workers with occupational lung cancer risk for prolonged periods after they have quit smoking cigarettes. The Collegium acknowledges that there are uncertainties and assumptions entailed in this approach and that risk assessment for individual workers necessitates application of significant professional judgement. We encourage the implementation o","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"67 4","pages":"289-303"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajim.23572","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140027189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 mortality among Massachusetts workers and the association with telework ability, 2020","authors":"Kathleen Fitzsimmons PhD, MPH,&nbsp;Malena Hood MPH,&nbsp;Kathleen Grattan MPH,&nbsp;James Laing,&nbsp;Emily Sparer-Fine ScD, MS","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23579","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23579","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Working outside the home put some workers at risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposure and might partly explain elevated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality rates in the first months of the pandemic in certain groups of Massachusetts workers. To further investigate this premise, we examined COVID-19 mortality among Massachusetts workers, with a specific focus on telework ability based on occupation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>COVID-19-associated deaths between January 1 and December 31, 2020 among Massachusetts residents aged 18–64 years were analyzed. Deaths were categorized into occupation-based quadrants (Q) of telework ability. Age-adjusted rates were calculated by key demographics, industry, occupation, and telework quadrant using American Community Survey workforce estimates as denominators. Rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals comparing rates for quadrants with workers unlikely able to telework (Q2, Q3, Q4) to that among those likely able to telework (Q1) were calculated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The overall age-adjusted COVID-19-associated mortality rate was 26.4 deaths per 100,000 workers. Workers who were male, Black non-Hispanic, Hispanic, born outside the US, and with lower than a high school education level experienced the highest rates among their respective demographic groups. The rate varied by industry, occupation and telework quadrant. RRs comparing Q2, Q3, and Q4 to Q1 were 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.8−1.2), 3.2 (95% CI: 2.6−3.8) and 2.5 (95% CI: 2.0−3.0), respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings suggest a positive association between working on-site and COVID-19-associated mortality. Work-related factors likely contributed to COVID-19 among Massachusetts workers and should be considered in future studies of COVID-19 and similar diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"67 4","pages":"364-375"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140012041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“…full of opportunities, but not for everyone”: A narrative inquiry into mechanisms of labor market inequity among precariously employed gay, bisexual, and queer men","authors":"David J. Kinitz PhD, MSW,&nbsp;Lori E. Ross PhD,&nbsp;Ellen MacEachen PhD,&nbsp;Charles Fehr MA,&nbsp;Dionne Gesink PhD","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23574","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23574","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study brings lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (trans), and queer (LGBTQ+) populations into scholarly discourse related to precarious employment through a political economy of queer struggle.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Drawing on narrative inquiry, 20 gay, bisexual, and queer men shared stories of precarious employment that were analyzed using Polkinghorne's narrative analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results tell an overarching narrative in three parts that follow the trajectory of participants' early life experiences, entering the labor market and being precariously employed. Part 1: Devaluation of LGBTQ+ identities and adverse life experiences impacted participants' abilities to plan their careers and complete postsecondary education. Part 2: Participants experienced restricted opportunities due to safety concerns and learned to navigate white, cis, straight, Canadian ideals that are valued in the labor market. Part 3: Participants were without protections to respond to hostile treatment for fear of losing their employment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These stories of precarious employment illustrate unique ways that LGBTQ+ people might be particularly susceptible to exploitative labor markets.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"67 4","pages":"350-363"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajim.23574","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139904848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute occupational inhalation injuries—United States, 2011–2022","authors":"Nirmala T. Myers PhD,&nbsp;Katelynn E. Dodd MPH,&nbsp;Janet M. Hale BS,&nbsp;David J. Blackley DrPh,&nbsp;A. Scott Laney PhD,&nbsp;Noemi B. Hall PhD","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23573","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23573","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Inhalation injuries due to acute occupational exposures to chemicals are preventable. National surveillance of acute inhalation exposures is limited. This study identified the most common acute inhalation exposure-related incidents by industry sector among US workers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To characterize inhalation-related injuries and their exposures during April 2011–March 2022, state and federal records from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Occupational Safety and Health Information System (OIS) accident database were analyzed. Industry-specific injury, hospitalization, and fatality rates were calculated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The most frequent acute inhalation incidents investigated by OSHA were caused by inorganic gases (52.9%) such as carbon monoxide (CO) or acids, bases, and oxidizing chemical agents (12.9%) such as anhydrous ammonia. The largest number of fatal and nonfatal injuries were reported in the manufacturing (28.6%) and construction (17.2%) sectors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Workers were affected by acute inhalation exposures in most industries. Using this surveillance, employers can recognize frequently-occurring preventable acute inhalation exposures by industry, such as inorganic gases in the manufacturing sector, and implement prevention measures. Training of workers on exposure characteristics and limits, adverse health effects, and use of protective equipment by exposure agent can prevent inhalation injuries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"67 4","pages":"376-383"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139734218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of power stretchers on occupational injury rates in an urban emergency medical services system","authors":"Rob Pryce CAT(C), PhD,&nbsp;Erin Weldon MD,&nbsp;Neil McDonald ACP, PhD,&nbsp;Ryan Sneath ACP, BN","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23571","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23571","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine occupational injury rates in a dual-response emergency medical services (EMS) system before and after implementation of a power-lift stretcher system.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The seasonally-adjusted occupational injury rate was estimated relative to medical call volume (per 1000 calls) and workers (per 100 FTEs) from 2009 to 2019, and stratified by severity (lost-time, healthcare only), role (EMS, FIRE) and type (patient-handling). Power-lift stretchers were adopted between 2013 and 2015. Preinjury versus postinjury rates were compared using binomial tests. Interrupted time series (ITS) analysis was used to estimate the trend and change in injuries related to patient-handling, with occupational illnesses serving as control.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Binomial tests revealed varied results, with reductions in the injury rate per 1000 calls (−14.0%) and increases in the rate per 100 FTEs (+14.1%); rates also differed by EMS role and injury severity. ITS analysis demonstrated substantial reductions in patient-handling injuries following implementation of power-lift stretchers, both in the injury rate per 1000 calls (−50.4%) and per 100 FTEs (−46.6%), specifically among individuals deployed on the ambulance. Injury rates were slightly elevated during the winter months (+0.8 per 100 FTEs) and lower during spring (−0.5 per 100 FTEs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results support the implementation of power-lift stretchers for injury prevention in EMS systems and demonstrate advantages of ITS analysis when data span long preintervention and postintervention periods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"67 4","pages":"341-349"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajim.23571","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139734219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover Image: Volume 67 Issue 3","authors":"Judith A. Crawford PhD,&nbsp;Soma Sanyal MD,&nbsp;Bryan R. Burnett MS,&nbsp;Stephen L. Wiesenfeld MD,&nbsp;Jerrold L. Abraham MD","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.23575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Cover Caption</b>: The cover image is based on the Research Article <i>Accelerated silicosis in sandblasters: Pathology, mineralogy, and clinical correlates</i> by Judith A. Crawford PhD et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.23561.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"67 3","pages":"i"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajim.23575","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139727818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality and cancer incidence in perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride production workers","authors":"Bruce H. Alexander PhD,&nbsp;Andrew Ryan MS,&nbsp;Timothy R. Church PhD,&nbsp;Hyun Kim ScD,&nbsp;Geary W. Olsen DVM, PhD,&nbsp;Perry W. Logan PhD","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23568","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23568","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been associated with several health outcomes, though few occupationally-exposed populations have been studied. We evaluated mortality and cancer incidence in a cohort of perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride-based specialty chemical manufacturing workers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The cohort included any employee who ever worked at the facility from 1961 to 2010 (<i>N</i> = 4045), with a primary interest in those who had 365 cumulative days of employment (<i>N</i> = 2659). Vital status and mortality records were obtained through 2014 and the cohort was linked to state cancer registries to obtain incident cancer cases from 1995 to 2014. Cumulative exposure was derived from a comprehensive exposure reconstruction that estimated job-specific perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS)-equivalents (mg/m³) exposure. Overall and exposure-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were estimated in reference to the US population. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for cumulative PFOS-equivalent exposure (log₂ transformed) were estimated within the cohort for specific causes of death and incident cancers using a time-dependent Cox model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Death rates were lower than expected except for cerebrovascular disease (SMR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.25–4.22) and bladder cancer (SMR = 3.91, 95% CI = 1.07–10.02) in the highest exposure quartile. Within the cohort, the incidence of bladder, colorectal, and pancreatic cancer were positively associated with exposure, however except for lung cancer (HR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.00–1.11) the CIs did not exclude an HR of 1.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study provides some evidence that occupational exposure to PFOS is associated with bladder and lung cancers and with cerebrovascular disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"67 4","pages":"321-333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajim.23568","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139721290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Work–rest regimens for work in hot environments: A scoping review","authors":"Thomas A. Deshayes PhD,&nbsp;Hsen Hsouna PhD,&nbsp;Mounir A. A. Braham MSc,&nbsp;Denis Arvisais MSI,&nbsp;Benjamin Pageaux PhD,&nbsp;Capucine Ouellet ROH,&nbsp;Ollie Jay PhD,&nbsp;Fabien D. Maso PhD,&nbsp;Mickael Begon PhD,&nbsp;Alireza Saidi PhD,&nbsp;Philippe Gendron PhD,&nbsp;Daniel Gagnon PhD","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23569","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23569","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To limit exposures to occupational heat stress, leading occupational health and safety organizations recommend work–rest regimens to prevent core temperature from exceeding 38°C or increasing by ≥1°C. This scoping review aims to map existing knowledge of the effects of work–rest regimens in hot environments and to propose recommendations for future research based on identified gaps.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We performed a search of 10 databases to retrieve studies focused on work–rest regimens under hot conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-nine articles were included, of which 35 were experimental studies. Most studies were conducted in laboratory settings, in North America (71%), on healthy young adults, with 94% of the 642 participants being males. Most studies (66%) employed a protocol duration ≤240 min (222 ± 162 min, range: 37–660) and the time-weighted average wet-bulb globe temperature was 27 ± 4°C (range: 18–34). The work–rest regimens implemented were those proposed by the American Conference of Governmental and Industrial Hygiene (20%), National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (11%), or the Australian Army (3%). The remaining studies (66%) did not mention how the work–rest regimens were derived. Most studies (89%) focused on physical tasks only. Most studies (94%) reported core temperature, whereas only 22% reported physical and/or mental performance outcomes, respectively. Of the 35 experimental studies included, 77% indicated that core temperature exceeded 38°C.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although work–rest regimens are widely used, few studies have investigated their physiological effectiveness. These studies were mainly short in duration, involved mostly healthy young males, and rarely considered the effect of work–rest regimens beyond heat strain during physical exertion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"67 4","pages":"304-320"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajim.23569","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139721291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection among vaccinated employees with or without hybrid immunity acquired early in the Omicron-predominant era of the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Mark A. Jacobson MD,&nbsp;Paul D. Blanc MD, MSPH,&nbsp;Jacqueline Tulsky MD,&nbsp;Monica Tilly MD, MPH,&nbsp;Raymond Meister MD,&nbsp;Will Huen MD, MS, MPH,&nbsp;James E. McNicholas Jr. DO, MPH, FACP","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23570","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23570","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hybrid immunity, from COVID-19 vaccination followed by SARS-CoV-2 infection acquired after its Omicron variant began predominating, has provided greater protection than vaccination alone against subsequent infection over 1–3 months of observation. Its longer-term protection is unknown.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of COVID-19 case incidence among healthcare personnel (HCP) mandated to be vaccinated and report on COVID-19-associated symptoms, high-risk exposures, or known-positive test results to an employee health hotline. We compared cases with hybrid immunity, defined as incident COVID-19 during the first 6 weeks of Omicron-variant predominance (run-in period), to those with immunity from vaccination alone during the run-in period. Time until COVID-19 infection over 13 subsequent months (observation period) was analyzed by standard survival analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 5867 employees, 641 (10.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.1%–11.8%) acquired hybrid immunity during the run-in period. Of these, 104 (16.2%, 95% CI: 13.5%–19.3%) experienced new SARS-CoV-2 infection during the 13-month observation period, compared to 2177 (41.7%, 95% CI: 40.3%–43.0%) of the 5226 HCP without hybrid immunity. Time until incident infection was shorter among the latter (hazard ratio: 3.09, 95% CI: 2.54–3.78).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a cohort of vaccinated employees, Omicron-era acquired SARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity was associated with significantly lower risk of subsequent infection over more than a year of observation—a time period far longer than previously reported and during which three, progressively more resistant, Omicron subvariants became predominant. These findings can inform institutional policy and planning for future COVID-19 additional vaccine dosing requirements for employees, for surveillance programs, and for risk modification efforts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"67 4","pages":"334-340"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139690977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}