AgriEngineering最新文献_第8页

Effect of Pretreatment and Temperature on Drying Characteristics and Quality of Green Banana Peel 预处理和温度对青香蕉皮干燥特性和品质的影响

AgriEngineering Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.3390/agriengineering5040127

Kushal Dhake, Sanjay Kumar Jain, Sandeep Jagtap, Pankaj B. Pathare

{"title":"Effect of Pretreatment and Temperature on Drying Characteristics and Quality of Green Banana Peel","authors":"Kushal Dhake, Sanjay Kumar Jain, Sandeep Jagtap, Pankaj B. Pathare","doi":"10.3390/agriengineering5040127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering5040127","url":null,"abstract":"In banana cultivation, a considerable amount of the production is wasted every year because of various constraints present in the post-harvest management chain. Converting green banana pulp and peels into flour could help to reduce losses and enable the food sector to keep the product for an entire year or more. In order to use green banana fruit and peel flour in the food industry as a raw ingredient such as in bakery and confectionery items—namely biscuits, cookies, noodles, nutritious powder, etc.—it is essential to standardize the process for the production of the flour. As a result, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of pretreatment and temperature on the drying capabilities and quality of dried green banana peel. The green banana peel pieces were pretreated with 0.5 and 1.0% KMS (potassium metabisulfite), and untreated samples were taken as control, and dried at 40°, 50°, and 60 °C in a tray dryer. To reduce the initial moisture content of 90–91.58% (wb) to 6.25–9.73% (wb), a drying time of 510–360 min was required in all treatments. The moisture diffusivity (Deff) increased with temperature, i.e., Deff increased from 5.069–6.659 × 10−8, 6.013–7.653 × 10−8, and 4.969–6.510 × 10−8 m2/s for the control sample, 0.5% KMS, and 1.0% KMS, respectively. The Page model was determined to be the best suited for the drying data with the greatest R2 and the least χ2 and RSME values in comparison with the other two models. When 0.5% KMS-pretreated materials were dried at 60 °C, the water activity and drying time were minimal. Hue angle, chroma, and rehydration ratio were satisfactory and within the acceptable limits for 0.5% KMS-pretreated dried banana peel at 60 °C.","PeriodicalId":7846,"journal":{"name":"AgriEngineering","volume":"29 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135869054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multispectral Vegetation Indices and Machine Learning Approaches for Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) Yield Prediction across Different Varieties 硬粒小麦(Triticum Durum Desf.)多光谱植被指数及机器学习方法不同品种的产量预测

AgriEngineering Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.3390/agriengineering5040125

Giuseppe Badagliacca, Gaetano Messina, Salvatore Praticò, Emilio Lo Presti, Giovanni Preiti, Michele Monti, Giuseppe Modica

{"title":"Multispectral Vegetation Indices and Machine Learning Approaches for Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) Yield Prediction across Different Varieties","authors":"Giuseppe Badagliacca, Gaetano Messina, Salvatore Praticò, Emilio Lo Presti, Giovanni Preiti, Michele Monti, Giuseppe Modica","doi":"10.3390/agriengineering5040125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering5040125","url":null,"abstract":"Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) is one of the most widely cultivated cereal species in the Mediterranean basin, supporting pasta, bread and other typical food productions. Considering its importance for the nutrition of a large population and production of high economic value, its supply is of strategic significance. Therefore, an early and accurate crop yield estimation may be fundamental to planning the purchase, storage, and sale of this commodity on a large scale. Multispectral (MS) remote sensing (RS) of crops using unpiloted aerial vehicles (UAVs) is a powerful tool to assess crop status and productivity with a high spatial–temporal resolution and accuracy level. The object of this study was to monitor the behaviour of thirty different durum wheat varieties commonly cultivated in Italy, taking into account their spectral response to different vegetation indices (VIs) and assessing the reliability of this information to estimate their yields by Pearson’s correlation and different machine learning (ML) approaches. VIs allowed us to separate the tested wheat varieties into different groups, especially when surveyed in April. Pearson’s correlations between VIs and grain yield were good (R2 > 0.7) for a third of the varieties tested; the VIs that best correlated with grain yield were CVI, GNDVI, MTVI, MTVI2, NDRE, and SR RE. Implementing ML approaches with VIs data highlighted higher performance than Pearson’s correlations, with the best results observed by random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) models.","PeriodicalId":7846,"journal":{"name":"AgriEngineering","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135973007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Effects of Thermal and Pulsed Electric Field Processing on the Physicochemical and Microbial Properties of a High-Fiber, Nutritious Beverage from a Milk-Based Date Powder 热和脉冲电场处理对高纤维营养乳基枣粉饮料理化和微生物特性的影响

AgriEngineering Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.3390/agriengineering5040124

Mahmoud Younis, Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed, Khaled A. Ahmed, Hany M. Yehia, Diaeldin O. Abdelkarim, Abdulla Alhamdan, Ahmed Elfeky

{"title":"The Effects of Thermal and Pulsed Electric Field Processing on the Physicochemical and Microbial Properties of a High-Fiber, Nutritious Beverage from a Milk-Based Date Powder","authors":"Mahmoud Younis, Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed, Khaled A. Ahmed, Hany M. Yehia, Diaeldin O. Abdelkarim, Abdulla Alhamdan, Ahmed Elfeky","doi":"10.3390/agriengineering5040124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering5040124","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of pulsed electric field treatment and thermal pasteurization on the microbial and physical properties of a high-fiber, nutritional milk-based beverage made with date powder were studied. Four ratios of date powder (10, 15, 20, and 25 w/w) were added to the milk, which was then kept at 5 °C for 6 days for the thermal pasteurization and the control treatments. The pulsed electric field treatment had three levels of pulses (20, 50, and 80 pulses) and four ratios of date powder, 10, 15, 20, and 25% (w/w), and then kept at 5 °C for 6 days. The samples were evaluated for the pH, total soluble solids (TSS), total color difference (ΔE), and total viable count (TVC) during their shelf life. The pH values of the beverages in the control treatment were 5.58, 5.45, 5.33, and 5.29 and 6.68, 6.48, 6.26, and 5.87 in the thermal treatment after 6 days, with powder ratios of 10, 15, 20, and 25% (w/w), respectively. The pH values of the beverages in the pulsed electric field treatment were 6.8, 6.64, 6.56, and 6.28 at 80 pulses after 6 days, with powder ratios of 10, 15, 20, and 25% (w/w), respectively. The TVCs in the control treatment were 6.2, 5.44, 4.5, and 3.94 log10 CFU/mL and 4.02, 3.92, 3.54, and 3.31 log10 CFU/mL in the thermal treatment after 6 days, with powder ratios of 10, 15, 20, and 25% (w/w), respectively. The TVCs of the beverages in the pulsed electric field treatment were 1.53, 1.11, 0.665, and 0.511 log10 CFU/mL at 80 pulses after 6 days, with powder ratios of 10, 15, 20, and 25% (w/w), respectively. This shows that following treatment with a pulsed electric field at 80 pulses, a milk-based drink with date powder and no preservatives can be kept at 5 °C for up to 6 days.","PeriodicalId":7846,"journal":{"name":"AgriEngineering","volume":"227 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135371908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimization of Black Tea Drying Temperature in an Endless Chain Pressure (ECP) Dryer 无限链压力(ECP)干燥机中红茶干燥温度的优化

AgriEngineering Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.3390/agriengineering5040122

Gunaratnam Abhiram, Rasaiyah Diraj, Rasu Eeswaran

{"title":"Optimization of Black Tea Drying Temperature in an Endless Chain Pressure (ECP) Dryer","authors":"Gunaratnam Abhiram, Rasaiyah Diraj, Rasu Eeswaran","doi":"10.3390/agriengineering5040122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering5040122","url":null,"abstract":"Drying is a crucial and energy-consuming process in black tea manufacturing that is aimed at reducing moisture content and terminating enzymatic reactions in tea leaves. In Sri Lanka, an endless chain pressure (ECP) dryer is commonly used for drying, but it consumes a significant amount of energy, necessitating the optimization of drying conditions. The current drying temperature at the Houpe tea factory in Ratnapura, Sri Lanka is 121 °C (250 °F), and it has not been optimized for a considerable period. As a result, energy consumption and wastage are high, leading to an inferior quality of black tea. To optimize factory conditions, tea leaves were dried under different temperatures: 115 (T1), 118 (T2), 121 (T3), 124 (T4), and 127 (T5) °C. Energy consumption, energy wastage, and specific energy consumption (SEC) for tea drying were calculated. Additionally, chemical and sensory analyses of samples of made tea were performed. SEC and energy wastage were significantly (p < 0.05) lower for treatments T1 and T2 than for other treatments. The theaflavin and thearubigin contents were significantly (p < 0.05) higher while total phenolic content was moderate for treatment T2. The sensory parameters of T2 outperformed other treatments. Based on these results, the optimum drying temperature for the ECP dryer was determined to be 118 °C and this temperature has been recommended for this factory.","PeriodicalId":7846,"journal":{"name":"AgriEngineering","volume":"9 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135270671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Machine Learning for Precise Rice Variety Classification in Tropical Environments Using UAV-Based Multispectral Sensing 基于无人机多光谱遥感的热带环境下水稻品种精确分类机器学习

AgriEngineering Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.3390/agriengineering5040123

Arif K. Wijayanto, Ahmad Junaedi, Azwar A. Sujaswara, Miftakhul B. R. Khamid, Lilik B. Prasetyo, Chiharu Hongo, Hiroaki Kuze

引用次数: 0

Low Airspeed Impacts on Tom Turkey Response to Moderate Heat Stress 低空速对火鸡中热应激反应的影响

AgriEngineering Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.3390/agriengineering5040121

Derek Uemura, Prafulla Regmi, Jesse Grimes, Lingjuan Wang-Li, Sanjay Shah

{"title":"Low Airspeed Impacts on Tom Turkey Response to Moderate Heat Stress","authors":"Derek Uemura, Prafulla Regmi, Jesse Grimes, Lingjuan Wang-Li, Sanjay Shah","doi":"10.3390/agriengineering5040121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering5040121","url":null,"abstract":"Heat stress is a concern for turkeys in naturally ventilated houses. Chamber and room studies were used to assess heat stress at moderate temperatures (<25 °C) and low airspeeds on grown tom turkeys. In the chamber study, four ventilation rates × two temperatures (thermal comfort and thermal stress, 11 °C above thermal comfort) were applied to 13- to 19-week birds. Very small differences in airspeeds among the four treatments masked subcutaneous, cloacal, and infrared (IR) temperature differences at both temperatures. In the room study, four ventilation rates (0.07 m3·min−1·kg−1 or 100%, 75%, 50%, and 30% or Control) were applied to 21-week toms housed at <23 °C. The Control treatment had significantly higher whole-body and head temperatures vs. the other treatments. Only 100% had higher weight gain vs. 50%; hematology was unaffected by treatment. Higher ventilation rates reduced heat stress due to lower room temperatures, not airspeed differences, which were very low. The low-cost IR camera detected a heat stress difference ≥ 0.8 °C, corresponding to wind chill of 0.8 °C due to an airspeed of 0.8 m·s−1 vs. still air on the USDA broiler wind chill curve. Machine vision combined with IR thermography could alleviate real-time poultry heat stress.","PeriodicalId":7846,"journal":{"name":"AgriEngineering","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135809496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forage Properties of Fresh and Composted Cotton Gin Byproducts as Feed Supplements 新鲜和堆肥棉纺机副产品作为饲料添加剂的饲草性能

AgriEngineering Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.3390/agriengineering5040120

Femi Peter Alege, Sean Paul Donohoe, Jaya Shankar Tumuluru, Christopher D. Delhom, Cody D. Blake, Joe W. Thomas

引用次数: 0

Cost Analysis of Using UAV Sprayers for Olive Fruit Fly Control 利用无人机喷雾器防治橄榄果蝇的成本分析

AgriEngineering Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.3390/agriengineering5040118

Chris Cavalaris, Aristotelis C. Tagarakis, Dimitrios Kateris, Dionysis Bochtis

{"title":"Cost Analysis of Using UAV Sprayers for Olive Fruit Fly Control","authors":"Chris Cavalaris, Aristotelis C. Tagarakis, Dimitrios Kateris, Dionysis Bochtis","doi":"10.3390/agriengineering5040118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering5040118","url":null,"abstract":"Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are a novel up-and-coming technology with wide applicability and great potential to be used in agricultural systems for spraying applications. However, the cost-effectiveness of this application is still rather uncertain. The present study utilized actual data from field applications to analyze the critical components and parameters in the potential case of using UAV sprayers for the control of olive fruit flies in order to assess the operational costs. The results are compared with the costs of two traditional spraying methods: manual spaying by workers using backpack sprayers and manual spraying assisted by a tractor. The case of the olive fruit fly was selected because it involves costly, time consuming, and laborious manual spraying. Furthermore, the bait character of spraying in these applications does not require full canopy coverage, making it ideal for UAV applications. A parameterized computational model was developed to assess the costs of labor, capital spending, repair and maintenance, energy, licensees, fees and taxes, and storage for each of the three methods. In addition, the cost for surveillance was also accounted for with the UAV method. Consequently, a sensitivity analysis was performed to examine the impact of the most crucial parameters. The results showed that the cost of spraying with a UAV was 1.45 to 2 times higher than the traditional methods, mainly due to the high capital spending resulting from a low economic life. There are opportunities, however, of improving the economic performance, making it compatible to the traditional methods, by using a smaller UAV with longer lasting batteries and by expanding its annual use beyond the needs of olive fruit fly control.","PeriodicalId":7846,"journal":{"name":"AgriEngineering","volume":"26 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135414885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Machine Learning Approach for the Estimation of Alfalfa Hay Crop Yield in Northern Nevada 内华达州北部紫花苜蓿干草作物产量估算的机器学习方法

AgriEngineering Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.3390/agriengineering5040119

Diego Quintero, Manuel A. Andrade, Uriel Cholula, Juan K. Q. Solomon

{"title":"A Machine Learning Approach for the Estimation of Alfalfa Hay Crop Yield in Northern Nevada","authors":"Diego Quintero, Manuel A. Andrade, Uriel Cholula, Juan K. Q. Solomon","doi":"10.3390/agriengineering5040119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering5040119","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing pressure over water resources in the western U.S. is currently forcing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) producers to adopt water-saving irrigation techniques. Crop yield forecasting tools can be used to develop smart irrigation scheduling methods that can be used to estimate the future effects of a given irrigation amount applied during a current irrigation event on yield. In this work, a linear model and a random forest model were used to estimate the yield of irrigated alfalfa crops in northern Nevada. It was found that water (rain + irrigation), the occurrence of extreme temperatures, and wind have a greater effect on crop yield. Other variables that accounted for the photoperiod and the dormant period were also included in the model and are also important. The linear model had the best performance with an R2 of 0.854. On the other hand, the R2 value for the random forest was 0.793. The linear model showed a good response to water variability; therefore, it is a good model to consider for use as an irrigation decision support system. However, unlike the linear model, the random forest model can capture non-linear relationships occurring between the crop, water, and the atmosphere, and its results may be enhanced by including more data for its training.","PeriodicalId":7846,"journal":{"name":"AgriEngineering","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135414884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Crop Yield Assessment Using Field-Based Data and Crop Models at the Village Level: A Case Study on a Homogeneous Rice Area in Telangana, India 基于田间数据和村级作物模型的作物产量评估:以印度特伦甘纳同质水稻区为例

AgriEngineering Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.3390/agriengineering5040117

Roja Mandapati, Murali Krishna Gumma, Devender Reddy Metuku, Pavan Kumar Bellam, Pranay Panjala, Sagar Maitra, Nagaraju Maila

{"title":"Crop Yield Assessment Using Field-Based Data and Crop Models at the Village Level: A Case Study on a Homogeneous Rice Area in Telangana, India","authors":"Roja Mandapati, Murali Krishna Gumma, Devender Reddy Metuku, Pavan Kumar Bellam, Pranay Panjala, Sagar Maitra, Nagaraju Maila","doi":"10.3390/agriengineering5040117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering5040117","url":null,"abstract":"Crop yield estimation has gained importance due to its vital significance for policymakers and decision-makers in enacting schemes, ensuring food security, and assessing crop insurance losses due to biotic and abiotic stress. This research focused on rice yield estimation at the field level in the Karimnagar district of Telangana during 2021 and 2022 by employing the leaf area index (LAI) as the primary criterion for integrating remote sensing technology and crop simulation models. Using Sentinel-2 satellite data, the rice crop was mapped with the help of ground data and machine learning algorithms, attaining an accuracy of 93.04%. Crop management data for the DSSAT tool were collected during the field visits; the model results revealed a 0.80 correlation between observed and predicted yields. Due to its strong correlation with LAI (0.82), the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was selected as the critical element for integration with the model. A spatial LAI map was generated using the linear equation developed between the NDVI and LAI. The relationship between LAI and yield was used to create a spatial yield map. The study’s findings show that assimilating remote sensing data with crop models enhances the precision of rice yield prediction for insurance companies and policy- and decision-makers.","PeriodicalId":7846,"journal":{"name":"AgriEngineering","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135618030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0