{"title":"Applications à la conchyliculture des récentes acquisitions sur la biologie des mollusques bivalves","authors":"Pierre E. Lubet, Michel Mathieu","doi":"10.1016/S0003-5017(99)80007-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0003-5017(99)80007-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Today, mollusc farming represents the fourth part of the mundial aquaculture production. These results have been permitted by the improvement of farming techniques commercially important but also by advances in the biology of a species. Valuable reproductive studies have been carried out in s.a. hatcheries on triploids and tetraploids animals. Since the last decade, advances in the knowledge of metabolism and growth mechanisms has helped the improvement of the brood stock. Nevertheless, the mundial expansion of bivalve farming increases the outbreak of strong epizooties. Investigations allow a valuable knowledge on the scope of molluscan defence mechanisms against pathogen agents. The results are discussed in relation to a possible selection for bivalve farming.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":78387,"journal":{"name":"L' Annee biologique","volume":"38 1","pages":"Pages 27-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0003-5017(99)80007-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120850228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Les microsporidies: un regain d'intérêt pour ces curieux parasites","authors":"Christian P. Vivarès","doi":"10.1016/S0003-5017(99)80005-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0003-5017(99)80005-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microsporidia were found to be involved in some diseases of insects (silkworm, bee, pests) and aquaculture pathology. They are important as opportunistic parasites in AIDS patients and are also prevalent in the European population (8 %). The cytological and molecular characterisation of numerous species infecting humans was determined. To obtain an easier diagnosis and more efficient therapy, researches were developed on the genome as well as on the invasive apparatus, which is unique in the living world. Recent, more important insights are the characterisation of polar tube proteins, the evidence for genome plasticity, and the size of haploid genome representing, for some species, the smallest nuclear genomes known so far. The placement of microsporidia in eukaryotic phylogenetic tree is still uncertain. They can be viewed as amitochondrial parasites which lost secondarily their mitochondria, and rDNA 23S or some protein sequences suggest a late origin within the terminal crown. The reduced size of the translation machinery could be a consequence of parasitism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":78387,"journal":{"name":"L' Annee biologique","volume":"38 1","pages":"Pages 1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0003-5017(99)80005-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124498956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biologie comparée des interactions entre les macrophages et Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania spp. et Toxoplasma gondii","authors":"Bernard Vray","doi":"10.1016/S0003-5017(99)80003-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0003-5017(99)80003-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Macrophages have a central role in the immune system by eliminating a lot of pathogens. Nevertheless, they are often infected by pathogenic microorganisms in particular parasitic protozoa. They thus play the role of host cell by harbouring the intracellular survival and multiplication of these pathogens. Various mechanisms (receptors/ligands interactions, enzymes…) are involved in recognition and adhesion steps. When suitably activated, they become effector cells and they can control infection at least partially through the production of reactive oxygen derivatives. But parasitic protozoa can escape these defence mechanisms. In addition, macrophages are also antigen presenting cells and they are inductor cells of the immune response. Once again, parasitic protozoa interfere with these functions and induce chronic infections. Biology of <em>Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania</em> spp. and <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> will be briefly reviewed to illustrate these various aspects of cellular parasitism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":78387,"journal":{"name":"L' Annee biologique","volume":"37 4","pages":"Pages 221-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0003-5017(99)80003-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125493582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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