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Animal Learning & Behavior最新文献

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Monkey auditory list memory: tests with mixed and blocked retention delays. 猴子听觉列表记忆：混合和阻塞保留延迟的测试。
Animal Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2002-05-01 DOI: 10.3758/bf03192917
Anthony A Wright
{"title":"Monkey auditory list memory: tests with mixed and blocked retention delays.","authors":"Anthony A Wright","doi":"10.3758/bf03192917","DOIUrl":"10.3758/bf03192917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A rhesus monkey was tested in an auditory list memory task with blocked and mixed retention delays. Each list of four natural or environmental sounds (from a center speaker) was followed by a retention delay (0, 1, 2, 10, 20, or 30 sec) and then by a recognition test (from two side speakers). The monkey had been tested for 12 years in tasks with blocked delays. An earlier (4 years prior) blocked-delay test was repeated, with virtually identical results. The results from the mixed-delay test were likewise similar. Thus, the peculiarities of blocked-delay testing, such as delay predictability or differences in list spacing, apparently do not alter this monkey's memory for auditory lists. It is concluded from this and other evidence that the monkey's serial position functions reflect mnemonic processes that change with changes in retention delay and are not artifacts of the blocked-delay procedure. The nature of the monkey's auditory memory is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":7824,"journal":{"name":"Animal Learning & Behavior","volume":"34 1","pages":"158-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79045694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Behavioral contrast redux. 行为对比还原。
Animal Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2002-02-01 DOI: 10.3758/bf03192905
Ben A Williams
{"title":"Behavioral contrast redux.","authors":"Ben A Williams","doi":"10.3758/bf03192905","DOIUrl":"10.3758/bf03192905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Behavioral contrast is defined as a change in response rate during a stimulus associated with a constant reinforcement schedule, in inverse relation to the rates of reinforcement in the surrounding stimulus conditions. Contrast has at least two functionally separable components: local contrast, which occurs after component transition, and molar contrast. Local contrast contributes to molar contrast under some conditions, but not generally. Molar contrast is due primarily to anticipatory contrast. However, anticipatory contrast with respect to response rate has been shown to be inversely related to stimulus preference, which challenges the widely held view that contrast effects reflect changes in stimulus value owing to the reinforcement context. More recent data demonstrate that the inverse relation between response rate and preference with respect to anticipatory contrast is due to Pavlovian contingencies embedded in anticipatory contrast procedures. When those contingencies are weakened, anticipatory contrast and stimulus preference are positively related, thus reaffirming the view that the reinforcing effectiveness of a constant schedule is inversely related to the value of the context of reinforcement in which it occurs. The underlying basis of how the context of reinforcement controls reinforcement value remains uncertain, although clear parallels exist between contrast and the effects of contingency in both Pavlovian and operant conditioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":7824,"journal":{"name":"Animal Learning & Behavior","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84150942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Discrimination of individual vocalizations by black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapilla). 黑冠山雀个体发声的辨别。
Animal Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2002-02-01 DOI: 10.3758/bf03192908
Leslie S Phillmore, Christopher B Sturdy, Martha-Rae M Turyk, Ronald G Weisman
{"title":"Discrimination of individual vocalizations by black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapilla).","authors":"Leslie S Phillmore, Christopher B Sturdy, Martha-Rae M Turyk, Ronald G Weisman","doi":"10.3758/bf03192908","DOIUrl":"10.3758/bf03192908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The auditory perceptual abilities of male black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapilla) were examined using an operant go/no-go discrimination among 16 individual vocalizations recorded at 5 m. The birds learned to discriminate about equally well among eight male chickadee fee-bee songs and eight female zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) distance calls. These results do not indicate that chickadees have a species-specific advantage in individual recognition for conspecific over heterospecific vocalizations. We then transferred the chickadees to a discrimination of the same songs and calls rerecorded at a moderate distance. These results showed accurate transfer of discrimination from 16 vocalizations recorded at 5 m to novel versions of the same 16 songs and calls rerecorded at 25 m. That is, chickadees recognized individual songs and calls despite degradation produced by rerecording at 25 m. Identifying individual vocalizations despite their transformation by distance cues is here described as a biologically important example of perceptual constancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7824,"journal":{"name":"Animal Learning & Behavior","volume":"67 1","pages":"43-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89054705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preference and resistance to change in concurrent variable-interval schedules. 并发可变间隔调度的偏好和阻力。
Animal Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2002-02-01 DOI: 10.3758/bf03192907
Matthew C Bell, Ben A Williams
{"title":"Preference and resistance to change in concurrent variable-interval schedules.","authors":"Matthew C Bell, Ben A Williams","doi":"10.3758/bf03192907","DOIUrl":"10.3758/bf03192907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pigeons were trained on a multiple schedule in which separate concurrent schedules were presented in the two components of the schedule. During one component, concurrent variable-interval 40-sec variable-interval 80-sec schedules operated. In the second component, concurrent variable-interval 40-sec variable-interval 20-sec schedules operated. After stable baseline performance was obtained in both components, extinction probe choice tests were presented to assess preference between the variable-interval 40-sec schedules from the two components. The variable-interval 40-sec schedule paired with the variable-interval 80-sec schedule was preferred over the variable-interval 40-sec schedule paired with the variable-interval 20-sec schedule. The subjects were also exposed to several resistance-to-change manipulations: (1) prefeeding prior to the experimental session, (2) a free-food schedule added to timeout periods separating components, and (3) extinction. The results indicated that preference and resistance to change do not necessarily covary.</p>","PeriodicalId":7824,"journal":{"name":"Animal Learning & Behavior","volume":"119 1","pages":"34-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85615506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The value hypothesis and acquisition of preference in concurrent chains. 并发链的价值假设与偏好获取。
Animal Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2002-02-01 DOI: 10.3758/bf03192906
Randolph C Grace
{"title":"The value hypothesis and acquisition of preference in concurrent chains.","authors":"Randolph C Grace","doi":"10.3758/bf03192906","DOIUrl":"10.3758/bf03192906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Experiment 1 compared the acquisition of initial- and terminal-link responding in concurrent chains. The terminal-link schedules were fixed interval (FI) 10 sec and FI 20 sec, but some presentations were analogous to no-food trials in the peak procedure, lasting 60 sec with no reinforcement delivery. Pigeons completed a series of reversals in which the schedules signaled by the terminal-link stimuli (red and green on the center key) were changed. Acquisition of temporal control of terminal-link responding (as measured by peak location on no-food trials) was more rapid than acquisition of preference in the initial links. Experiment 2 compared acquisition in concurrent chains, using the typical procedure in which the terminal-link schedules are changed with a novel arrangement in which the initial-link key assignments were changed while the terminal-link schedules remained the same. Acquisition of preference was faster in the latter condition, in which the terminal-link stimulus-reinforcer relations were preserved. These experiments provide the first acquisition data that support the view that initial-link preference is determined by the values of the terminal-link stimuli.</p>","PeriodicalId":7824,"journal":{"name":"Animal Learning & Behavior","volume":"1 1","pages":"21-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87186191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Simultaneous temporal and spatial processing. 同时的时间和空间处理。
Animal Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2002-02-01 DOI: 10.3758/bf03192909
Jonathon D Crystal, Benjamin J Miller
{"title":"Simultaneous temporal and spatial processing.","authors":"Jonathon D Crystal, Benjamin J Miller","doi":"10.3758/bf03192909","DOIUrl":"10.3758/bf03192909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rats searched for food that was contingent on time and place in an open field. One location was active at a time, the active location moved in a clockwise direction after each reward, and each location was repeated several times on each daily session. When a location was active, the first response after a fixed interval produced food. The intervals associated with each of the four locations were consistently 60, 30, 30 and 60 sec. For independent groups, inspecting an inactive location had no consequence (n = 7) or reduced the amount of food delivered at the active location (n = 6). The rates of inspecting active and inactive locations increased before the associated intervals elapsed, with preferential responding at the active locations. Rates of anticipation at active locations failed to superimpose when plotted as a function of proportional time. Simultaneous temporal and spatial processing contributed to the failure of proportional timing.</p>","PeriodicalId":7824,"journal":{"name":"Animal Learning & Behavior","volume":"88 1","pages":"53-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86960396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Erratum to: How early maternal separation and juvenile experience with pups affect maternal behavior and emotionality in adult postpartum rats 在成年产后大鼠中，早期母性分离和幼年与幼鼠的经历如何影响母性行为和情绪
Animal Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2002-01-01 DOI: 10.3758/BF03192910
Stephanie L. Rees, A. Fleming
{"title":"Erratum to: How early maternal separation and juvenile experience with pups affect maternal behavior and emotionality in adult postpartum rats","authors":"Stephanie L. Rees, A. Fleming","doi":"10.3758/BF03192910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03192910","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7824,"journal":{"name":"Animal Learning & Behavior","volume":"4 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83407549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Call for papers special issue on pavlovian conditioning and basic associative processes 关于巴甫洛夫条件反射和基本联想过程特刊的论文征集
Animal Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2002-01-01 DOI: 10.3758/bf03192838
{"title":"Call for papers special issue on pavlovian conditioning and basic associative processes","authors":"","doi":"10.3758/bf03192838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03192838","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7824,"journal":{"name":"Animal Learning & Behavior","volume":"86 1","pages":"285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85580764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Music discriminations by carp (Cyprinus carpio) 鲤鱼的音乐鉴别力
Animal Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2001-11-01 DOI: 10.3758/BF03192900
Ava R. Chase
{"title":"Music discriminations by carp (Cyprinus carpio)","authors":"Ava R. Chase","doi":"10.3758/BF03192900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03192900","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7824,"journal":{"name":"Animal Learning & Behavior","volume":"304 1","pages":"336-353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76266695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 57
Further evidence that conditioned inhibition is not the mechanism of an extinction cue’s effect: A reinforced cue prevents spontaneous recovery 进一步的证据表明，条件抑制不是消失提示的作用机制:强化提示阻止自发恢复
Animal Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2001-11-01 DOI: 10.3758/BF03192903
D. C. Brooks, J. L. Bowker
{"title":"Further evidence that conditioned inhibition is not the mechanism of an extinction cue’s effect: A reinforced cue prevents spontaneous recovery","authors":"D. C. Brooks, J. L. Bowker","doi":"10.3758/BF03192903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03192903","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7824,"journal":{"name":"Animal Learning & Behavior","volume":"9 1","pages":"381-388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84181165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
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