Animal Learning & Behavior最新文献_第2页

Cognitive theories as reinforcement history surrogates: the case of likelihood ratio models of human recognition memory. 认知理论作为强化历史替代物:人类识别记忆的似然比模型。

Animal Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2002-11-01 DOI: 10.3758/bf03195955

John T Wixted, Santino C Gaitan

引用次数: 42

Data archiving for animal cognition research: report of an NIMH workshop. 动物认知研究的数据存档:NIMH研讨会报告。

Animal Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2002-11-01 DOI: 10.3758/bf03195965

Howard S Kurtzman, Russell M Church, Jonathon D Crystal

引用次数: 11

Superlatent inhibition and spontaneous recovery: differential effects of pre- and postconditioning CS-alone presentations after long delays in different contexts. 超潜伏抑制和自发恢复:不同情境下长时间延迟后单独使用cs的前、后条件反射的不同效果。

Animal Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2002-11-01 DOI: 10.3758/bf03195962

R E Lubow, L G De la Casa

{"title":"Superlatent inhibition and spontaneous recovery: differential effects of pre- and postconditioning CS-alone presentations after long delays in different contexts.","authors":"R E Lubow, L G De la Casa","doi":"10.3758/bf03195962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03195962","url":null,"abstract":"In two pairs of three-stage conditioned taste aversion experiments, we examined the effects of delay interval (1 or 21 days) between the second and third stages, and of context in which the animals spent the delay (same as or different from the context of the other stages) on latent inhibition (LI) and spontaneous recovery following extinction. In the LI experiments (Experiments 1A and 1B), the first stage comprised nonreinforced presentations to saccharin or to water. In the second stage, rats were conditioned by saccharin paired with LiCl. In the extinction experiments (Experiments 2A and 2B), the order of the stages was reversed. For all experiments, Stage 3, the test stage, consisted of three presentations of saccharin alone. There was a super-LI effect in the saccharin-preexposed group that spent the 21-day delay in the different context (Experiment 1A). When the delay was spent in the same context, there was no difference in the amount of LI between the short- and long-delay groups (Experiment 1B). Conversely, there was a spontaneous recovery effect in the long-delay/same-context group (Experiment 2B), but not in the long-delay/different-context group (Experiment 2A). The pattern of results, incompatible with current explanations of delay-induced changes in memory performance, was interpreted in terms of an interaction between the delay conditions (same or different delay context), which modulate the extinction of previously acquired context-CS-nothing associations (during CS-alone presentations), and primacy effects.","PeriodicalId":7824,"journal":{"name":"Animal Learning & Behavior","volume":"30 4","pages":"376-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3758/bf03195962","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22252515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 30

Alternating exposure to two compound flavors creates inhibitory associations between their unique features. 交替暴露于两种复合口味会在它们的独特特征之间产生抑制关联。

Animal Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2002-08-01 DOI: 10.3758/bf03192829

D M Dwyer, N J Mackintosh

{"title":"Alternating exposure to two compound flavors creates inhibitory associations between their unique features.","authors":"D M Dwyer, N J Mackintosh","doi":"10.3758/bf03192829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03192829","url":null,"abstract":"Rats were exposed to two compound solutions, saline-lemon and sucrose-lemon. In Group ALT, trials with one solution alternated with trials with the other. Group BLK received all trials with one solution before any trials with the other. Previous retardation tests had implied that only alternating exposure would establish sucrose as an inhibitor of saline. To provide a complementary summation test for this inhibition, in Experiment 1, all the animals received pairings of peppermint and saline and were tested for consumption of peppermint-sucrose under sodium depletion. Consumption was increased by sodium depletion only in Group BLK. In Experiment 2, a retardation test was used to show that presentation of saline-lemon before sucrose-lemon on each exposure day would establish sucrose as an inhibitor of saline. Neither exposure to sucrose-lemon before saline-lemon nor alternating exposure to sucrose and saline alone had the same effect. These results provide support for an associative theory of perceptual learning that suggests that exposure to complex stimuli aids later discrimination partially as a result of establishing inhibitory associations between their unique elements.","PeriodicalId":7824,"journal":{"name":"Animal Learning & Behavior","volume":"30 3","pages":"201-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3758/bf03192829","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22076225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 45

Conditioned inhibitory effects of discriminated Pavlovian training with food in rats depend on interactions of search modes, related repertoires, and response measures. 辨别巴甫洛夫食物训练对大鼠的条件抑制作用取决于搜索模式、相关曲目和反应措施的相互作用。

Animal Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2002-08-01 DOI: 10.3758/bf03192831

Matthew R Tinsley, William Timberlake, Matthew Sitomer, David R Widman

引用次数: 9

A comparison between elemental and compound training of cues in retrospective revaluation. 线索单质训练与复合训练在回顾性重估中的比较。

Animal Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2002-08-01 DOI: 10.3758/bf03192832

Martha Escobar, Oskar Pineño, Helena Matute

引用次数: 24

Integration and representation in rats' serial pattern learning in the T-maze. 大鼠t迷宫序列模式学习的整合与表征。

Animal Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2002-08-01 DOI: 10.3758/bf03192835

J S Cohen, A Simpson, K Westlake, P Hamelin

{"title":"Integration and representation in rats' serial pattern learning in the T-maze.","authors":"J S Cohen, A Simpson, K Westlake, P Hamelin","doi":"10.3758/bf03192835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03192835","url":null,"abstract":"Rats were exposed to three-trial series consisting of reinforced (R) trials and one nonreinforced (N) trial in a fixed order, RRN and RNR (Experiments 1 and 2) or NRR and RRN (Experiment 3), on extended visually distinct runways in a T-maze. When initially presented with the same sequence on each series in a session (separate presentations) with the same runway on all trials within a series (Experiments 1 and 3), all the rats developed slower running speeds on N than on R trials. When a runway was sometimes changed between the first and next two trials during separate presentations training (Experiment 2) or both sequences were later intermixed within each session in each experiment, only rats exposed to each sequence on a specific runway maintained these serial running patterns. Rats displayed serial running patterns on a test RNN sequence similar to that on the RNR sequence (Experiment 2), as would be predicted by an intertrial association model of serial pattern learning (Capaldi & Molina, 1979), but responded on test RRR and NRN sequences (Experiment 3) as would be predicted by an ordinal-trial-tag/intratrial association model (Burns, Wiley, & Payne, 1986). Results from test series of free-choice trials in Experiments 1 and 2 failed to support a prediction of the intratrial association model that these rats would integrate RRN and RNR sequences. Rather than always selecting a baited runway on both the second and the third free-choice trials, the rats only selected a baited runway on the third trial on the basis of their choice on the second trial, as would be predicted by the intertrial association model. Only after experiencing all possible outcome sequences during forced-choice training in Experiment 3 did these rats predominantly select a baited runway on every free-choice trial.","PeriodicalId":7824,"journal":{"name":"Animal Learning & Behavior","volume":"30 3","pages":"261-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3758/bf03192835","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22076231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Associative learning and elemental representation: II. Generalization and discrimination. 联想学习与元素表征:2。泛化和歧视。

Animal Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2002-08-01 DOI: 10.3758/bf03192828

I P L McLaren, N J Mackintosh

{"title":"Associative learning and elemental representation: II. Generalization and discrimination.","authors":"I P L McLaren, N J Mackintosh","doi":"10.3758/bf03192828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03192828","url":null,"abstract":"This paper follows on from an earlier companion paper (McLaren & Mackintosh, 2000), in which we further developed the elemental associative theory put forward in McLaren, Kaye, and Mackintosh (1989). Here, we begin by explicating the idea that stimuli can be represented as patterns of activation distributed across a set of units and that different stimuli activate partially overlapping sets (the degree of overlap being proportional to the similarity of the stimuli). A consequence of this view is that the overall level of activity of some of the units representing a stimulus may be dependent on the nature of the other stimuli present at the same time. This allows an elemental analysis in which provision for the representation of configurations of stimuli is made. A selective review of studies of generalization and discrimination learning, including peak shift, transfer along a continuum, configural discrimination, and summation, suggests that the principles embodied in this class of theory deserve careful consideration and will form part of any successful model of associative learning in humans or animals. There are some phenomena that require an elemental/associative explanation.","PeriodicalId":7824,"journal":{"name":"Animal Learning & Behavior","volume":"30 3","pages":"177-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3758/bf03192828","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22076304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 277

Temporal discrimination using different feature--target intervals in classical conditioning of the rabbit's nictitating membrane response. 经典条件反射中不同特征-目标间隔的时间分辨。

Animal Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2002-08-01 DOI: 10.3758/bf03192830

E J Kehoe, K G Boesenberg

{"title":"Temporal discrimination using different feature--target intervals in classical conditioning of the rabbit's nictitating membrane response.","authors":"E J Kehoe, K G Boesenberg","doi":"10.3758/bf03192830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03192830","url":null,"abstract":"In a typical conditional discrimination, a target stimulus (X) is reinforced during one feature cue (A-->X+), but not during another feature cue (B-->X-). The present experiments used only a single \"feature\" cue (a 66-sec tone). On half of the trials, the target stimulus (a 400-msec light) was paired with the reinforcer when the feature-target interval was one duration (e.g., 5 sec). On the remaining trials, the interval was different (e.g., 45 sec), and the target stimulus was presented without the reinforcer. All the animals acquired this temporal discrimination, and subsequent testing with other feature-target intervals yielded generalization-like gradients. These results provide solid evidence that each portion of a feature cue is encoded in a distinctive fashion. Had temporal encoding not occurred, the feature cue would have been just as ambiguous a predictor of the reinforcer as was the target stimulus, and discrimination would not have been possible. The integration of real-time temporal encoding mechanisms into models of conditional discrimination is discussed.","PeriodicalId":7824,"journal":{"name":"Animal Learning & Behavior","volume":"30 3","pages":"208-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3758/bf03192830","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22076226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Transfer of control between causal predictive judgments and instrumental responding. 在因果预测判断和工具性反应之间的控制转移。

Animal Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2002-08-01 DOI: 10.3758/bf03192833

Concepción Paredes-Olay, María J F Abad, Matías Gámez, Juan M Rosas

{"title":"Transfer of control between causal predictive judgments and instrumental responding.","authors":"Concepción Paredes-Olay, María J F Abad, Matías Gámez, Juan M Rosas","doi":"10.3758/bf03192833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03192833","url":null,"abstract":"Four experiments were conducted to explore outcome-specific transfer from causal predictive judgments to instrumental responding. A video game was designed in which participants had to defend Andalusia from navy and air force attacks. First, they learned the relationship between two instrumental responses (two key on a standard keyboard) and two different outcomes (destruction of the ships or destruction of the planes). Then they learned to predict which of two different stimuli predicted which outcome. Finally, they had the opportunity of making either of the two instrumental responses in the presence of either stimulus. Transfer was shown as a preference for the response that shared an outcome with the current stimulus. The presentation of the stimulus during the test produced a decrease in the overall rate of response. Responding to a neutral stimulus in Experiments 2 and 3 suggested that this overall decrease in responding was due to a combination of the time needed to process the meaning of the stimulus and the activation of the representation of the outcome in the presence of the stimulus during the test. Transfer between predictive judgments and instrumental responding mirrors the outcome-specific Pavlovian instrumental transfer observed in conditioning studies with rats.","PeriodicalId":7824,"journal":{"name":"Animal Learning & Behavior","volume":"30 3","pages":"239-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3758/bf03192833","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22076229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 45