Sugar Tech最新文献

{"title":"Biochar Prepared from Sugarcane Bagasse for the Clarification of Brown Sugar Solutions","authors":"Jaqueline do Carmo Lima Carvalho,&nbsp;Nathalia Eugênia Silva,&nbsp;Marina Costa Patrocínio,&nbsp;Osania Emerenciano Ferreira,&nbsp;Robson Pereira de Lima,&nbsp;Magno André de Oliveira,&nbsp;Marcello Rosa Dumont,&nbsp;Augusto César da Silva Bezerra,&nbsp;Alan Rodrigues Teixeira Machado","doi":"10.1007/s12355-024-01517-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12355-024-01517-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The industry is actively seeking innovative technologies to eliminate color and other impurities in the production of refined sugar. This study evaluated the potential of biochar samples for sugar clarification using a brown sugar solution as a model. To this end, samples of biochar were produced from sugarcane bagasse under different pyrolysis temperatures (300 °C, 600 °C, 800 °C, and 1000 °C). In the clarification test, the samples were exposed to brown sugar solution (10 g.L⁻¹) for 1 h, and color reduction was monitored using UV‒Vis spectroscopy. As expected, varying the pyrolysis temperature caused changes in the physicochemical properties of the biochar. With increasing temperature, the carbon content, fixed carbon content, ash content, specific surface area, pH, and thermal stability increased, whereas the volatile material content, oxygen content, and gravimetric yield decreased. The pyrolysis temperature also influenced the color reduction ability of the brown sugar solution. When the pyrolysis temperature increased, the percentage color reduction also increased. Thus, the sample pyrolyzed at the highest temperature investigated (1000 °C) presented the greatest clarifying potential, reducing the color of a brown sugar solution (10 g.L⁻¹) by 87%. Furthermore, the UV‒Vis spectrum indicated the removal of dyes, including caramels, melanoidins, and hexose alkaline degradation products, from the brown sugar solution. Therefore, sugarcane biochar has the potential for sustainable application in sugar clarification processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":781,"journal":{"name":"Sugar Tech","volume":"27 2","pages":"478 - 487"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution and Movement Characteristics of Airflow and Mixture in Sugarcane Harvester Extractor Based on CFD-DEM","authors":"Baocheng Zhou,&nbsp;Shaochun Ma,&nbsp;Zhijie Wu,&nbsp;Weiqing Li,&nbsp;Wenzhi Li","doi":"10.1007/s12355-024-01514-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12355-024-01514-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mechanized harvesting of sugarcane is facing the challenge of high impurity content and cane loss. Therefore, based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element method (DEM), this study aims to explore the movement characteristics of airflow and mixture in the extractor to optimize its performance. The distribution and movement of airflow and mixture in extractor under different structures and operating parameters were simulated and analyzed by CFD-DEM. The simulation results showed that rotational speed affected airflow and material velocity, but did not affect airflow field distribution and material movement trajectory. The number of blades and impeller ratio affect the internal airflow field and material movement trajectory. The blade installation angle affects the vortex range and flow analysis phenomenon at the top of the extractor. Finally, the extractor was optimized by Box–Behnken design with the residence time of materials as the index. The test results showed that when the rotating speed was 1450 and 1650 r/min, the speed at the lower outlet of improved extractor increased by 30.1% and 28.5%. The performance of the improved extractor improved slightly at low feed rate and low rotation speed (1 kg/s,1250r/min). At the high feed rate (3 km/h), the impurity content at the corresponding three speeds decreased significantly by 7.0%, 19.6%, and 18.1%, respectively. The cane loss of the improved extractor was reduced by 11.22% under high speed and high feed rate (3 kg/s, 1650 r/min). These findings provide new insights and theoretical foundations for optimizing the sugarcane harvester extractor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":781,"journal":{"name":"Sugar Tech","volume":"27 2","pages":"461 - 477"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Response of Sugar Beet to Different Salt Concentrations Under Drought Stress","authors":"Yaru Zhang,&nbsp;Qiqi Cai,&nbsp;Xiaodong Li,&nbsp;Pingan Han,&nbsp;Vadim N. Nurminsky,&nbsp;Jing Shi,&nbsp;Gui Geng,&nbsp;Jiahui Liu,&nbsp;Yao Xu,&nbsp;Yuguang wang","doi":"10.1007/s12355-024-01511-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12355-024-01511-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Salinity and drought are two significant abiotic stresses that restrict crop production globally. While past research has primarily concentrated on crop responses to individual stresses, recent studies indicate that comprehending the combined effects of drought and salinity is essential for enhancing crop tolerance and productivity. This study aims to investigate the impact of single and combined stresses at varying concentrations of salt and drought on sugar beet. Chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂, and transpiration in sugar beet increased by 13%, 15%, 4%, and 4%, respectively, while growth parameters also improved under low salinity conditions. Conversely, under drought and high salinity conditions, the carotenoid content and indicators of oxidative damage (malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage) in sugar beet plants increased significantly by 50% and 67%, respectively, leading to a marked reduction in photosynthesis and severely inhibiting plant growth. However, under the combined effect of low salinity and drought, the relative water content, water potential, and chlorophyll content increased sequentially to 17%, 20%, and 29% percent, photosynthetic efficiency, nutrient content, and potassium (K⁺) content of the plants increased significantly. On the other hand, sodium (Na⁺) content decreased significantly compared to the single drought condition. Meanwhile, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, were down-regulated by 10%, 19%, 3%, and 40% sequentially in plants under this combined condition. This suggests that under the combined conditions of low salinity and drought, sugar beet effectively mitigated the negative effects of drought on growth through mechanisms such as improved nutrient uptake, maintenance of water and ion balance, and regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities and that this synergistic effect was mainly attributed to the positive impact of ion balance and osmoregulation. In contrast, the combination of high salinity and drought exacerbated the adverse effects caused by individual stressors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":781,"journal":{"name":"Sugar Tech","volume":"27 2","pages":"447 - 460"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spotted Stem Borer Chilo partellus: Occurrence, Biology and Relative Resistance in Erianthus arundinaceus","authors":"P. Mahesh,&nbsp;J. Srikanth,&nbsp;C. Appunu,&nbsp;B. Singaravelu,&nbsp;D. Puthira Prathap,&nbsp;J. Alfred Daniel,&nbsp;B. Mahendran,&nbsp;K. Mohanraj,&nbsp;R. Gopi,&nbsp;R. Nirmala","doi":"10.1007/s12355-024-01516-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12355-024-01516-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we report the first occurrence of the spotted stem borer <i>Chilo partellus</i> (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in <i>Erianthus arundinaceus</i> (Retz.) Jeswiet (Poales: Poaceae) at Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu State, India. We also examined the developmental biology, larval instar determination from head capsule measurements and sources of resistance among selected germplasm. Infestation began in 4–5-month-old plants when young larvae caused characteristic irregular chlorotic windows and shot holes on leaves. Older larvae bored into internodes of 6–7-month-old plants and tunneled extensively in the internodes. While the borer completed seven instars in <i>E. arundinaceus</i>, larval and pupal durations, and total life cycle did not vary significantly in comparative biology studies on <i>E. arundinaceus</i>, sugarcane and artificial diet. The number of egg masses deposited and eggs laid was significantly lowest in <i>E. arundinaceus</i>. Relative suitability ratio was the lowest in <i>E. arundinaceus</i> and similar in the other two substrates. Mean head capsule width (HCW) and head capsule length (HCL) followed normal distribution for most instars and differed among the seven instars. HCW of the seven instars showed a mean Brook–Dyar ratio of 1.34 (range: 1.28–1.44) and Crosby ratio of less than 10%; the corresponding figures for HCL were 1.36 (range: 1.23–1.48) and &lt; 10%. The correlations between instar number and natural log of HCW and HCL were significant. In the screening trials, percent incidence of <i>C. partellus</i> in 2018–2019 did not differ among the 15 accessions of <i>E. arundinaceus</i>, whereas in 2019–2020, the accession IND 02–1260 had significantly lowest incidence level, but the two accessions IND 10–1591 and Lakshadweep had significantly highest levels; percent intensity did not differ among the accessions in both years. Relative resistance ratio in both 2018–19 (range: 0.333–0.700) and 2019–2020 (range: 0.250–0.783) did not differ significantly among the 15 accessions. When the accessions were grouped into three categories of resistance, IND 99-884 and Bethuadahari emerged as least susceptible. Among the plant characteristics examined, cane thickness showed negative correlation with percent of infestation and leaf width had positive correlation with percent of intensity. The present studies pave the way for further screening and utilization of accessions in breeding program for <i>C. partellus</i> resistance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":781,"journal":{"name":"Sugar Tech","volume":"27 2","pages":"433 - 446"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Pest Management of Sugarcane Insect Pests in China: Current Status and Future Prospects","authors":"Xian-Kun Shang,&nbsp;Ji-Li Wei,&nbsp;Wei Liu,&nbsp;Amin Nikpay,&nbsp;Xue-Hong Pan,&nbsp;Cheng-Hua Huang","doi":"10.1007/s12355-024-01510-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12355-024-01510-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sugarcane is primarily cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions of southern China, where suitable temperatures and abundant food resources create highly conducive conditions for the growth and reproduction of insect pests. Pest infestation adversely affects cane yield and sugar content, resulting in significant economic losses. Consequently, pest control has become a crucial aspect of sugarcane cultivation. Over the past two decades, China has achieved remarkable progress in the monitoring and management of sugarcane insect pests, fueled by the synergistic development of various control measures, including cultural, physical, biological, and chemical strategies. This review summarizes the development history and current status of sugarcane pests in monitoring and integrated pest management (IPM) measures in China, discusses the major problems and corresponding solution strategies in current pest management practices, and outlines the future development direction of sugarcane IPM. We propose IPM strategies at different growth stages of sugarcane, providing a reference framework for the scientific and effective management of sugarcane pests in China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":781,"journal":{"name":"Sugar Tech","volume":"27 2","pages":"299 - 317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Gaussian Copulas and Generative Adversarial Networks for Generating Synthetic Data in Beet Productivity Analysis","authors":"Denize Palmito dos Santos,&nbsp;Julio Cezar Souza Vasconcelos","doi":"10.1007/s12355-024-01506-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12355-024-01506-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In scientific research, field experiments are essential to validate theories in real conditions. However, these investigations often face limitations due to sample scarcity, which can compromise the robustness and interpretability of results. Synthetic data generation offers an effective solution for expanding datasets, enabling more comprehensive analyses even when real data are limited. Although synthetic data are not real, it can maintain the mathematical and statistical properties of real data, making it a valuable tool for improving analytical accuracy. This study aims to generate synthetic data using two synthesizers: Gaussian Copulas and Generative Adversarial Neural Networks (GANs). The dataset used refers to the evaluation of the effects of different levels of nitrogen fertilizers (N) on the dry matter production of sugar beet roots. Five nitrogen fertilizers levels were tested: 0, 35, 70, 105, and 140 kg/ha, with a randomized block design containing three blocks and five plots per block. The focus of this research is to increase the sample size to consider different statistical and machine learning models. The comparison between synthetic and real data revealed that the Gaussian Copulas synthesizer outperformed the CTGAN synthesizer. This superiority was evidenced by the proximity of the graphical representations and the performance of the models compared to real data. Furthermore, the random forest model trained with synthetic data generated by Gaussian Copulas presented better performance metrics than the CTGAN synthesizer, indicating that synthetic data can be a valuable support in the analysis of agronomic experiments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":781,"journal":{"name":"Sugar Tech","volume":"27 2","pages":"407 - 417"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Diverse Weed Flora in Widely Spaced Sugarcane Plant Crop in Tropical India Through Sequential and Tank Mix Application of Herbicides","authors":"S. Anusha,&nbsp;P. Geetha,&nbsp;V. Krishnapriya,&nbsp;A. S. Tayade,&nbsp;R. Arun Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s12355-024-01515-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12355-024-01515-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Weed infestation is a serious menace in widely spaced sugarcane, which is gaining popularity in tropical India to facilitate mechanization. Field trials were conducted for two consecutive years to assess the effect of various weed management approaches employing sequential and tank mix application of herbicides (topramezone, tembotrione and halosulfuron methyl) and hand weeding on diverse weed flora, weed control efficiency and yield of sugarcane plant crop. Lowest weed density, weed biomass, highest weed control efficiency and weed control index were observed for three hand weeding at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP) which was on par with early post-emergence application of metribuzin 1250 g ha⁻¹ at 10 days after planting (DAP) followed by (<i>fb</i>) post emergence application of topramezone 29.4 + atrazine 625 g ha⁻¹ or halosulfuron methyl 67.5 + metribuzin 525 g ha⁻¹ or tembotrione 120 + atrazine 625 g ha⁻¹ at 65 DAP <i>fb</i> hand weeding at 120 DAP. Highest cane yield was obtained with aforementioned treatments and they were significantly superior to unweeded control. The net returns and benefit: cost ratio was also highest with early post-emergence application of metribuzin 1250 g ha⁻¹ at 10 DAP <i>fb</i> post emergence application of topramezone 29.4 + atrazine 625 g ha⁻¹ or halosulfuron methyl 67.5 + metribuzin 525 g ha⁻¹ or tembotrione 120 + atrazine 625 g ha⁻¹ at 65 DAP <i>fb</i> hand weeding at 120 DAP. Topramezone, tembotrione and halosulfuron methyl at the tested dose did not record any phytotoxicity to sugarcane variety Co 86032, which is the ruling variety in tropical India. Sugarcane growers can use these herbicides in rotation along with one hand weeding for efficient and economic weed management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":781,"journal":{"name":"Sugar Tech","volume":"27 2","pages":"418 - 432"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Multiple Pesticide Residues and Dietary Intake Risk Assessment of 35 Pesticides in Beet from Five Provinces of Northern China","authors":"Zichen Wang,&nbsp;Bingshan Jiang,&nbsp;Caiwei Pang,&nbsp;Lin Liu,&nbsp;Qin Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s12355-024-01512-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12355-024-01512-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A comprehensive analytical method was developed for detecting the presence of 15 organophosphorus pesticide residues in various sugar beet types. This method employed a gas chromatography-flame photometric detector. Additionally, a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe method, combined with gas chromatography-electron capture detection, was utilized for determining 20 organochlorine pesticide residues. The established procedure was subsequently applied to evaluate and conduct a risk assessment of 208 samples sourced from the principal sugar beet production areas. For sample extraction, acetonitrile was used as the solvent, leading to a phase separation. The supernatant was then extracted and concentrated using rotary evaporation, retaining 10 mL of the extract. This extract was further diluted with acetone and directly injected through a 0.22-µm filter membrane. Gas chromatographic analysis was carried out using programmed temperature mode and FPD detector. The results showed that the 15 pesticides showed good linearity (<i>R</i>² &gt; 0.99) with the limits of detection ranging from 0.0047 to 0.0261 mg/kg, the limits of quantification ranging from 0.0143 to 0.0790 mg/kg, and the average recoveries ranged from 60.3 to 120% with the relative standard deviations of 2.0–19.3%. The risk assessment of 15 organophosphorus, 20 organochlorine, and pyrethroid pesticides was carried out on 208 actual samples, and none of the detected pesticides with reference values exceeded the standard, and the risk quotient of chronic dietary intake was less than 100%, which indicated that the risk of pesticide hazards to human health in sugar beets was low. The method is suitable for the determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues in sugar beets because of its simple operation, high precision and accuracy, short analysis time, and low use of organic solvents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":781,"journal":{"name":"Sugar Tech","volume":"27 2","pages":"393 - 406"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-Wide Expression Profiling of Cytochrome P450 Genes in Response to the Oxidative Stress in Saccharum spp.","authors":"Aswini Nunavath,&nbsp; Amaresh,&nbsp;M. Nandhini,&nbsp;S. Keerthana,&nbsp;Rajeev Kumar,&nbsp;R. S. Gujjar,&nbsp;R. Gomathi,&nbsp;A. Selvi,&nbsp;P. Govindaraj,&nbsp;R. Manimekalai","doi":"10.1007/s12355-024-01509-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12355-024-01509-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>CYP450 enzymes are versatile catalysts involved in diverse chemical reactions, including xenobiotic metabolism and stress response pathways. Sugarcane, a globally significant energy crop, faces oxidative stress induced by abiotic and biotic stresses impacting plant metabolism and physiology. This study aimed to compare the response of cultivated (Co 86032) and stress-tolerant wild sugarcane species (<i>Erianthus arundinaceus</i> and <i>Saccharum spontaneum</i>) to oxidative stress. Transcriptomic analysis was conducted to identify genes responsive to oxidative stress and CYP450 enzymes, while protein–protein interactions of cytochrome family proteins were explored under oxidative stress conditions. Differential expression patterns of gene transcripts were observed under oxidative stress across different species. In the cultivated variety (Co 86032), two downregulated CYP450 gene transcripts were identified. In contrast, one upregulated CYP450 gene transcript was observed in both <i>Erianthus</i> sp. and <i>S. spontaneum</i>. Additionally, <i>S. spontaneum</i> exhibited eight downregulated transcripts. The gene CYP 450 84A1 was upregulated in all the genotypes; however, the fold change was higher for the wild species than the Co 86032. RT-PCR validation of the CYP450 84A1 gene confirmed the findings from next-generation sequencing data, showing consistent results. Additionally, by designing primers for three individual exons, the study observed varying levels of variant transcripts for the CYP450 84A1. The protein interaction network analysis showed a shared protein, Sh_212F09_p000130, identified as a 4-coumarate-CoA ligase-like 1 protein, present in the networks of both <i>S. spontaneum</i> and Co 86032, suggesting its involvement in combating biotic and abiotic stresses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":781,"journal":{"name":"Sugar Tech","volume":"27 2","pages":"378 - 392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon Quantum Dots in Palmyra Palm Jaggery: Evaluation of Antioxidative and Cytocompatibility Features","authors":"Jegan Athinarayanan,&nbsp;Vaiyapuri Subbarayan Periasamy,&nbsp;Ali A. Alshatwi","doi":"10.1007/s12355-024-01504-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12355-024-01504-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon quantum dots (C-QDs), the zero-dimensional carbon nanostructures, have attracted considerable attention because of their tremendous physical, chemical, and biological features. Food-borne C-QDs identification and their biological behavior assessment have been the most debated research in recent years. Thus, in this study, food-borne C-QDs were isolated from palmyra palm jaggery (PPJ). The optical, structural, and crystalline features of C-QDs were characterized. Additionally, we evaluated the antioxidant and cytocompatibility properties of C-QDs using an in vitro method. Transmission electron microscopic images revealed that C-QDs are semi-spherical with 10–35 nm in diameter. As a result of cytotoxicity test indicates that C-QDs reduced the cell viability by around 26% and 24% at 400 µg/mL exposure for 24 and 48 h, respectively. An acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining effect ascribed to C-QDs enhanced cell death in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) through apoptosis. The LysoRed staining showed the internalization of C-QDs in hMSCs. Based on the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level assessment, the C-QDs do not induce MMP depletion and ROS generation in hMSCs even at high concentration exposure. <i>SOD, GSR,</i> and <i>p53</i> genes were downregulated in hMSCs treated with C-QDs, but <i>NFKB1</i> was significantly upregulated. Overall, the C-QDs isolated from PPJ are antioxidative and non-toxic. The C-QDs could be used as antioxidant agents in food formulations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":781,"journal":{"name":"Sugar Tech","volume":"27 2","pages":"367 - 377"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}