Pediatric pharmacology (New York, N.Y.)最新文献_第4页

Placental transfer of lidocaine and elimination from newborns following obstetrical epidural and pudendal anesthesia. 产科硬膜外和阴部麻醉后新生儿利多卡因的胎盘转移和清除。

Pediatric pharmacology (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 1985-01-01

S Sakuma, T Oka, A Okuno, H Yoshioka, T Shimizu, H Ogawa

{"title":"Placental transfer of lidocaine and elimination from newborns following obstetrical epidural and pudendal anesthesia.","authors":"S Sakuma, T Oka, A Okuno, H Yoshioka, T Shimizu, H Ogawa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Following local anesthetic use, maternal and umbilical serum levels of lidocaine were determined at delivery by means of a gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry technique in 13 cases. In six cases, where delivery was performed by cesarean section, lidocaine was used for epidural analgesia. The dose given averaged 4.0 +/- 1.7 mg/kg, and the time between analgesia and delivery was 22.0 +/- 4.5 minutes. The mean umbilical serum level of lidocaine was 1.19 +/- 0.79 micrograms/ml and that of the maternal serum was 2.18 +/- 1.25 micrograms/ml. The fetal to maternal ratio was 0.52 +/- 0.18. Lidocaine levels of neonatal plasma were followed at 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after delivery, and the mean half-life was found to be 6.7 +/- 1.3 hours. In the other seven cases, lidocaine was given in normal vaginal delivery for pudendal nerve block, and the dose was as small as 0.79 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. The mean umbilical and maternal serum concentrations of lidocaine were 0.064 +/- 0.039 micrograms/ml and 0.143 +/- 0.071 micrograms/ml, respectively, and the ratio was 0.45 +/- 0.16. Lidocaine given to the mothers crossed to the fetuses readily and resulted in neonatal plasma levels that were half those of the mothers'. The elimination of lidocaine from the newborn after birth was prolonged so that it might prevent the adaptation of the infant to postnatal circumstances. Viewed from the standpoint of infant care, anesthetics at delivery should be given to the mother only when the benefit obtained by their use outweighs any possible disadvantages.","PeriodicalId":77932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric pharmacology (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"5 2","pages":"107-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15160870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of phenytoin on testosterone metabolism in vitro. 苯妥英对体外睾酮代谢的影响。

Pediatric pharmacology (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 1985-01-01

J A Owens-Stively, J Orson, H F Martin

引用次数: 0

Does the in-utero exposure to furosemide delay the renal maturation? 子宫内接触速尿会延迟肾成熟吗?

Pediatric pharmacology (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 1985-01-01

J P Mallie, A Gerard, H Gerard

引用次数: 0

Morphology of the developing pulmonary bed: pharmacologic implications. 发展中的肺床形态:药理学意义。

Pediatric pharmacology (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 1985-01-01

M Rabinovitch

引用次数: 0

Tolazoline pharmacokinetics in lambs. 托唑啉在羔羊体内的药代动力学。

Pediatric pharmacology (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 1984-01-01

R M Ward, C H Daniel, S R Willes, K J Gallaher

引用次数: 0

Acute isoniazid intoxication: reversal of CNS symptoms with large doses of pyridoxine. 急性异烟肼中毒:大剂量吡哆醇可逆转中枢神经系统症状。

Pediatric pharmacology (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 1984-01-01

A Brown, M Mallett, D Fiser, W C Arnold

引用次数: 0

Functional assessment of the pulmonary microcirculation during postnatal development. 出生后发育过程中肺微循环的功能评估。

Pediatric pharmacology (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 1984-01-01

G Lister, G S Kopf, B R Pitt

{"title":"Functional assessment of the pulmonary microcirculation during postnatal development.","authors":"G Lister, G S Kopf, B R Pitt","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"It has been well documented that the lungs are able to remove or metabolize several vasoactive substances passing through the pulmonary circulation. One such function, the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and hydrolysis of bradykinin to inactive peptide fragments is performed by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Although a precise role of these functions for systemic vasoregulation has not been defined, measurement of pulmonary metabolic capacity has the potential for providing substantial information about the integrity and physiology of the pulmonary microcirculation. Studies are described using 3H-benzoyl-phenylalanyl-alanyl-proline (a synthetic substrate for pulmonary ACE) in developing conscious lambs and older sheep. Outflow curves from indicator dilution measurements contain information regarding apparent kinetics of ACE activity. Using a nonlinear model for saturable pulmonary metabolic functions, the derived data demonstrate a) a marked increase in Vmax, the apparent maximal velocity of ACE, with age; and b) no significant change with age in apparent Km, the concentration at which the velocity of ACE is one-half Vmax. This approach has the potential for providing a biochemical tool for examining postnatal growth of the pulmonary microcirculation as well as functional integrity of the pulmonary endothelium during a variety of conditions.","PeriodicalId":77932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric pharmacology (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"4 2","pages":"85-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17157804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pulmonary and systemic vascular responses to tolazoline in neonatal and mature calves. 新生儿和成熟小牛肺和全身血管对托唑啉的反应。

Pediatric pharmacology (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 1984-01-01

A Tucker, K J Greenlees, R W Gotshall

{"title":"Pulmonary and systemic vascular responses to tolazoline in neonatal and mature calves.","authors":"A Tucker, K J Greenlees, R W Gotshall","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Tolazoline was infused intravenously (2 mg/kg over 2 minutes) in awake neonatal and mature calves. In normoxic pulmonary normotensive neonatal calves, tolazoline induced minimal hemodynamic changes, except for an immediate bradycardia. Tolazoline caused increases in systemic arterial pressure and vascular resistance and a bradycardia in normoxic normotensive mature calves. Calves were also made hypoxic, by breathing 12% O2 by facemask, in order to produce pulmonary hypertension. In hypoxic pulmonary hypertensive neonatal calves, tolazoline induced transient pulmonary vasodilation, a reduction in systemic arterial pressure, and marked bradycardia. Similarly, tolazoline caused reductions in pulmonary and systemic arterial pressure and bradycardia in hypoxic pulmonary hypertensive mature calves. Pentobarbital anesthesia in neonatal calves induced marked hemodynamic changes but did not alter the cardiovascular responses to tolazoline. A significant correlation was found between the baseline pulmonary arterial pressure and the magnitude of the pulmonary depressor response to tolazoline when all interventions were evaluated. Thus, tolazoline induced transient pulmonary vasodilation in pulmonary hypertensive calves but simultaneously caused profound transient bradycardia, particularly in neonatal calves.","PeriodicalId":77932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric pharmacology (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"4 2","pages":"115-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17541180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of cyclophosphamide on oocyte and follicle number in Sprague-Dawley rats, C57BL/6N and DBA/2N mice. 环磷酰胺对Sprague-Dawley大鼠、C57BL/6N和DBA/2N小鼠卵母细胞和卵泡数量的影响。

Pediatric pharmacology (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 1984-01-01

K Shiromizu, S S Thorgeirsson, D R Mattison

{"title":"Effect of cyclophosphamide on oocyte and follicle number in Sprague-Dawley rats, C57BL/6N and DBA/2N mice.","authors":"K Shiromizu, S S Thorgeirsson, D R Mattison","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Oocyte and follicle destruction produced by cyclophosphamide was investigated in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, and inbred C57BL/6N (B6) and DBA/2N (D2) mice. Primordial oocytes were the most sensitive to destruction after intraperitoneal treatment with cyclophosphamide. A delayed decrease in the number of medium-sized follicles occurred between 1 and 2 weeks after treatment. No reduction in the number of large follicles was observed over the 3-week period of this experiment. Primordial oocyte destruction produced by cyclophosphamide occurred in a time-, dose-, strain-, and species-dependent fashion. The threshold for primordial oocyte/follicle destruction in B6 and D2 mice, and SD rats was less than 10, 40, and greater than 500 mg/kg, respectively. ED50S for primordial oocyte/follicle destruction were 49 and 137 mg/kg in B6 and D2 mice, respectively. The ED50 for oocyte destruction was greater than 500 mg/kg in SD rats. Primordial oocyte destruction occurred rapidly and was completed between 48 and 72 hours after treatment with cyclophosphamide in both murine strains. Oocyte destruction and premature ovarian failure is a significant side effect in women treated with alkylating agents. The rodent ovotoxicity model used in these experiments may be useful in elucidating mechanisms of ovotoxicity and evaluating treatment protocols designed to protect the ovary.","PeriodicalId":77932,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric pharmacology (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"4 4","pages":"213-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17580254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Concentrations of imipramine and its metabolites during enuresis therapy. 遗尿治疗期间丙咪嗪及其代谢物的浓度。

Pediatric pharmacology (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 1984-01-01

C L DeVane, R D Walker, W P Sawyer, J A Wilson

引用次数: 0