Medical toxicology最新文献

Antidotes Network Antidotes网络

Medical toxicology Pub Date : 2021-02-03 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.89816

A. Frutos Pérez-Surio

{"title":"Antidotes Network","authors":"A. Frutos Pérez-Surio","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.89816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89816","url":null,"abstract":"Antidotes are essential medicines for the management of some of the emergencies attended in the hospital environment, and the speed of administration can be a key element for the survival of the patient. The Hospital Pharmacy Services are responsible for guaranteeing its availability. However, this availability can be affected by some aspects like the frequency of presentation of an intoxication in a geographical area, urgency in administration, difficulties of acquisition, cost, and period of validity, among others. In Spain, a web-based application was developed (www.redantidotos.org). It includes a public site with general information, an updated antidote guide and a section where non-urgent toxicological consultations could be submitted. Design a virtual antidote network between hospitals could be really useful to help the location online of the hospitals that stocked those antidotes with the highest difficulty in terms of availability, and ensured that the medication will be loaned in case of necessity. Therefore, it is necessary to create a tool that facilitates the exchange of antidotes between hospitals and ensures their availability. The aim is to continue improving communication between professionals involved in intoxication management at national, European and international level, sharing knowledge and improving the care we offer to our patients.","PeriodicalId":77871,"journal":{"name":"Medical toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49420961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Clinical Importance of Herb-Drug Interactions and Toxicological Risks of Plants and Herbal Products 草药与药物相互作用的临床重要性以及植物和草药产品的毒理学风险

Medical toxicology Pub Date : 2020-04-12 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92040

Ç. Kahraman, Z. Arituluk, I. I. Cankaya

{"title":"The Clinical Importance of Herb-Drug Interactions and Toxicological Risks of Plants and Herbal Products","authors":"Ç. Kahraman, Z. Arituluk, I. I. Cankaya","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92040","url":null,"abstract":"Approximately 70% of the world’s population has been using medicinal herbs as a complementary or alternative medicine that has grown tremendously in both developed and developing countries over the past 20 years (World Health Organization Drugs Strategy 2002–2005). This increase in consumer demand for medicinal plants continues, although scientific data are rare to create safety and efficacy profiles. Its popularity is also related to easy availability, cost-effectiveness leading to better purchasing power, and various factors that perceive that they are generally safe. Herbs are often administered simultaneously with therapeutic drugs for the treatment of major ailments, and herb-drug interactions (HDIs) increase their potential. The main routes proposed for HDIs include cytochrome P450 (CYP450)-mediated inhibition or induction and transport and flow proteins. In our review, we highlighted herbal medicines used for the treatment of various diseases with pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic analysis and case reports together with their adverse effects and herb-drug interactions. Therefore, this review can be used as a quick reference database for physicians and healthcare professionals involved in therapy, aiming to maximize clinical outcomes by reducing the negative and toxic effects of plants along with avoiding herb-drug interactions.","PeriodicalId":77871,"journal":{"name":"Medical toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47377765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology 法医化学与毒理学

Medical toxicology Pub Date : 2020-04-10 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91961

Amarnath Mishra

引用次数: 2

Detoxification of Drug and Substance Abuse 药物和药物滥用的解毒

Medical toxicology Pub Date : 2020-04-07 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90380

S. Das

引用次数: 3

Venomics Study of Protobothrops flavoviridis Snake: How Venom Proteins Have Evolved and Diversified? 黄病毒原人蛇毒组学研究:毒液蛋白如何进化和多样化?

Medical toxicology Pub Date : 2020-04-07 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91960

T. Ogawa, H. Shibata

引用次数: 1

Toxicity Potential of Cyanogenic Glycosides in Edible Plants 食用植物中氰苷的毒性潜势

Medical toxicology Pub Date : 2020-03-20 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91408

K. Nyirenda

引用次数: 18

The Effects of Snake Venom (Bitis arietans) on Embryonic Development 蛇毒对胚胎发育的影响

Medical toxicology Pub Date : 2020-01-24 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90887

C. Peters, V. Petrílla, L. Luptakova, E. Petrovová

{"title":"The Effects of Snake Venom (Bitis arietans) on Embryonic Development","authors":"C. Peters, V. Petrílla, L. Luptakova, E. Petrovová","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.90887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90887","url":null,"abstract":"Venomous snake bites in pregnant women can lead to poor survival rates in both the foetus and mother; early bites can precipitate teratogenesis, miscarriages, preterm delivery, foetal death and antepartum haemorrhage. The chicken embryo poses as a valuable research model for venom research due to its advantages such as ease of availability, economic feasibility and its non-invasiveness. This study evaluates the embryotoxic effects of Puff adder venom (Bitis arietans) from Namibia, Kenya, South Africa and non-specified region of Africa at varying concentrations. The venoms were applied to chicken embryos on the fourth day of incubation and assessed on a ninth day, focusing on body weight, heart weight, liver weight and mortality rate. Nile blue staining was also performed to observe the occurrence of apoptosis amongst the venoms at the strongest concentrations. The information provided from our results suggested that there was a regional variation in venom toxicity, with the Kenyan venom producing the largest weight changes, whereas the non-specified African venom proved the most lethal across the concentrations. Further studies to assess venom protein concentrations in comparison with regional diet disparities are required.","PeriodicalId":77871,"journal":{"name":"Medical toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48666930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Snakebite Therapeutics Based on Endogenous Inhibitors from Vipers 基于毒蛇内源性抑制剂的蛇咬伤治疗

Medical toxicology Pub Date : 2019-12-30 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90625

Narumi Aoki-Shioi, C. Modahl

{"title":"Snakebite Therapeutics Based on Endogenous Inhibitors from Vipers","authors":"Narumi Aoki-Shioi, C. Modahl","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.90625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90625","url":null,"abstract":"Venomous snakebite is a major human health issue in many countries and has been categorized as a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization. Venomous snakes have evolved to produce venom, which is a complex mixture of toxic proteins and peptides, both enzymatic and nonenzymatic in nature. In this current era of high-throughput technologies, venomics projects, which include genome, transcriptome, and proteome analyses of various venomous species, have been conducted to characterize divergent venom phenotypes and the evolution of venom-related genes. Additionally, venomics can also inform about mechanisms of toxin production, storage, and delivery. Venomics can guide antivenom and therapeutic strategies against envenomations and identify new toxin-derived drugs/tools. One potentially promising drug development direction is the use of endogenous inhibitors present in snake venom glands and serum that could be useful for snakebite therapeutics. These inhibitors suppress the activity of venom proteases, enzymatic proteins responsible for the irreversible damage from snakebite. This book chapter will focus on insights from venomous snake adaptations, such as the evolution of venom proteases to generate diverse activities and snake natural resistance to inhibit activity, and how this information can inform and have applications in the treatment of venomous snakebite.","PeriodicalId":77871,"journal":{"name":"Medical toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41860608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interaction between Pyridostigmine Bromide and Oxidative Stress 溴化吡啶乙素与氧化应激的相互作用

Medical toxicology Pub Date : 2019-11-25 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.89717

V. Azzolin, F. Barbisan, I. Jung, C. F. Teixeira, E. Ribeiro, R. Praia, I. Cruz

引用次数: 1

Effects of Atypical Neurotoxins on the Developing Fetal Brain 非典型神经毒素对胎儿大脑发育的影响

Medical toxicology Pub Date : 2019-10-17 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.89755

C. Tseng

{"title":"Effects of Atypical Neurotoxins on the Developing Fetal Brain","authors":"C. Tseng","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.89755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89755","url":null,"abstract":"The brain is not only a control center of the body but also a part of the way that the body can communicate with external environments. The spatial and temporal events of brain development are well-defined. These processes are sequentially regulated by intrinsic and external factors, such as gene. Disruption of these steps results in malformation and malfunction of the brain. Neurotoxin may affect our developing nervous system as a kind of endogenous and exogenous factor. For classical neurotoxins, such as heavy metals, snake venom, and bacterial toxins, the underlying toxin-mediated physiological pathways are relatively clear, and their antidotes are usually available. However, for atypical neurotoxins, such as air pollutants, food additives, and manufactural compounds, their effects on the nervous system are ordinarily extended and not easy to detect. In addition, the corresponding mechanism is too complex to define. A single and effective antidote against these atypical neurotoxins is uncommon, so prevention is better than cure with this kind of toxin. This chapter starts with the introduction of endogenous and exogenous neurotoxins, how they affect nervous system and their potential antidotes, followed by the impact of atypical neurotoxins in fetal brain development and their possible preventative or therapeutic methods.","PeriodicalId":77871,"journal":{"name":"Medical toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45309328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0