Reviews of oculomotor research最新文献

{"title":"The neurobiology of saccadic eye movements.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77782,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of oculomotor research","volume":"3 ","pages":"1-424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13630673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The neurobiology of saccadic eye movements. History and methodology.","authors":"G Westheimer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77782,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of oculomotor research","volume":"3 ","pages":"3-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13630680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The central thalamus.","authors":"M Schlag-Rey, J Schlag","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77782,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of oculomotor research","volume":"3 ","pages":"361-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13630683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The neurobiology of saccadic eye movements. Metrics.","authors":"W Becker","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77782,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of oculomotor research","volume":"3 ","pages":"13-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13630676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brainstem regions related to saccade generation.","authors":"K Hepp, V Henn, T Vilis, B Cohen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77782,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of oculomotor research","volume":"3 ","pages":"105-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13630675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The visual superior colliculus and pulvinar.","authors":"D L Robinson,&nbsp;J W McClurkin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The data reviewed here suggest several relationships between the superior colliculus, pulvinar and saccadic eye movements. These will be summarized in a series of steps in the visual initiation of saccadic eye movements. Area Pdm of the pulvinar appears to be involved in visual spatial attention. As such it may participate in the earliest decisions to make an eye movement: the shift of attention. This function is suggested by the spatially selective enhancement seen in the activity of individual neurons and the effects of drug injections on attentional performance. The attentional function of area Pdm is probably accomplished in coordination with cortical area 7 and possibly other areas. The spatially non-selective enhancement found in PI and PL may precede or follow the enhancement in Pdm. The next oculomotor function may be played by the visual cells in the superficial layers of the colliculus. Here the enhancement effect appears to be related to target selection which is specifically used with saccadic eye movements. Lesions here lead to animals who are not easily distracted by peripheral events; they do not select saccade targets. Thus the visual regions of the superior colliculus and Pdm may provide separate initiatives to the saccadic system. Once the eye begins to move, there are many relations manifested in both brain areas. Many of the visual collicular cells and those in parts of the pulvinar are unresponsive to visual stimuli during eye movements. In the colliculus, this particular effect may function to minimize erroneous visual targets whereas in the pulvinar the process may be more important perceptually. Finally there is a population of cells in the pulvinar which discharge during and after saccadic eye movements. These cells may have a role in the termination of one attentional scan and the beginning of the next. The pathways through which these effects may be mediated are totally unclear. The visual signal from the superficial layers related to saccade initiation may impinge directly on the cells in the intermediate layers or may reach the oculomotor system through other pathways. The parts of the pulvinar which relate to visual spatial attention are interconnected with posterior parietal cortex and probably function in concert with that area. How those data get to the oculomotor system has yet to be determined. Since the pulvinar is extensively interconnected with the cortex, it is most likely through this route that eye movement information coming from the superior colliculus is brought to higher perceptual areas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":77782,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of oculomotor research","volume":"3 ","pages":"337-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13630682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The visual and frontal cortices.","authors":"M E Goldberg,&nbsp;M A Segraves","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The saccadic system uses a muscular apparatus and motor programs that evolved long before the cerebral cortex assumed the dominant role in the generation of behavior that it occupies in the primate. The cortical role in eye movements therefore is to contribute aspects of sophisticated processing to the basic apparatus for rapid eye movements. Thus visual cortex is necessary for the integration of visual motion information into the saccadic system, because the superior colliculus in the primate cannot do adequate motion processing. Similarly, frontal cortex is necessary for performing saccades to remembered stimulus positions, whereas visually driven saccades can be performed by the colliculus alone. To generate saccade-related information, the cortex has activity that reflects all levels of processing, from the registration of the stimulus and the selection of a stimulus for a saccade, to the elaboration of the motor command for the saccade. Presumably the cortex also contains the decision mechanism, whereby a primate decides to make a saccade to a certain stimulus. How, and where that decision is made, or even if the decision occurs at a single place, is totally unknown.</p>","PeriodicalId":77782,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of oculomotor research","volume":"3 ","pages":"283-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13630679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The basal ganglia.","authors":"O Hikosaka,&nbsp;R H Wurtz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77782,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of oculomotor research","volume":"3 ","pages":"257-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13630678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The deep layers of the superior colliculus.","authors":"D L Sparks,&nbsp;R Hartwich-Young","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The evidence is compelling that the deep layers of the SC are involved in the translation of sensory signals into motor commands for the control of saccadic eye movements. The deep layers receive inputs from brain areas involved in the analysis of stimuli (visual, auditory and somatosensory) used to guide orienting movements. Patterns of activity recorded from collicular neurons are appropriate for the initiation and direction of saccades, and neurons carrying these signals are organized topographically, forming a map of motor (saccadic) space. Efferent projections from the deep layers are to brainstem nuclei having direct or indirect connections with motoneuron pools innervating extraocular muscles. Finally, reversible inactivation of neurons in the deep colliculus severely impairs the ability of animals to generate accurate saccades. Major gaps in our knowledge of the anatomical and functional organization of the SC remain. The physiological signals conveyed to the SC over afferent pathways are, for the most part, unknown. The intrinsic organization of the SC is poorly understood; and the question of whether or not there is extensive communication between neurons in the superficial and deep divisions has not yet been resolved. Very little is known about the morphology, location or physiological response properties of the cells of origin of the major efferent pathways; and the neural circuits involved in decoding information about the direction, velocity and amplitude of saccades (contained in the spatial and temporal pattern of neural activity of collicular cells) are still unspecified. In general, the contribution of the sensory responses of deep collicular neurons to the initiation of orienting movements is unknown. There is no experimental evidence that the activity of deep collicular neurons responsive to sensory stimuli is either necessary or sufficient for the generation of the motor signals observed in the SC, and patterns of connections within the SC specifically involved in the translation of sensory signals into motor commands have not been identified. The alignment (in anesthetized or paralysed animals) of auditory, somatosensory and visual maps in the SC has influenced thinking about the process of sensorimotor integration. It is commonly assumed that the deep division of the SC contains topographical maps of sensory space--i.e., a point in the space surrounding the animal is represented by neurons residing at a particular location in the SC. It is assumed, further, that sensory signals from different modalities originating from the same point in space activate a common pool of collicular neurons located within this representation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":77782,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of oculomotor research","volume":"3 ","pages":"213-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13630677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The neurobiology of saccadic eye movements. Models.","authors":"J A Van Gisbergen,&nbsp;A J Van Opstal","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77782,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of oculomotor research","volume":"3 ","pages":"69-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13630685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}