Psychiatric developments最新文献_第9页

Some methodologic criteria for studies in developmental neuropsychiatry. 发育神经精神病学研究的一些方法学标准。

Psychiatric developments Pub Date : 1985-01-01

P Szatmari

{"title":"Some methodologic criteria for studies in developmental neuropsychiatry.","authors":"P Szatmari","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Studies which have sought to address the question of how brain dysfunction might be an etiological factor in the development of psychiatric disorders in childhood are reviewed from the point of view of the methodological issues which arise. It is argued that common forms of behavioral disturbance are more likely to have a psychosocial rather than a neurological origin, whereas epidemiologically unusual conditions are more likely to have neuro-developmental causal factors. Possible study designs are reviewed with the recommendation that cohort studies most closely approximate the ideal of the randomized control trial, whereas case control studies are weakest. The assessment of the reliability and validity of measures of brain dysfunction is discussed. Criteria for attributing causation after an association has been identified include temporal sequence, a 'dose-response' relationship, and the specificity of the cause. The clinical as opposed to the statistical significance of the association must be assessed. Confounding variables in such studies, variables which account in part for the association identified, but which undermine the etiological significance which can be attributed, are discussed. The particular importance of psychosocial disadvantage in this field is stressed as a factor to be taken into account in the critical evaluation of studies.","PeriodicalId":77773,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatric developments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15159869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Methodological and conceptual problems in the study of mortality in psychiatry. 精神病学死亡率研究中的方法和概念问题。

Psychiatric developments Pub Date : 1985-01-01

R L Martin

{"title":"Methodological and conceptual problems in the study of mortality in psychiatry.","authors":"R L Martin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The study of mortality has a long tradition in Psychiatry. The specificity required to define risks associated with particular disorders and to monitor the effects of changing patterns of treatment necessitates rigorous attention to methodology. The strengths and limitations of particular study designs and how these must be considered when interpreting results are reviewed. Sampling of the study population involves deciding whether to define a group retrospectively or prospectively, the type of psychiatric population to be utilized (eg inpatients or outpatients), and whether cases are to be chosen randomly as to diagnosis or with selection for certain profiles. Ascertainment of death is critical in mortality studies. Once the index population is defined, cases lost to final ascertainment significantly weaken the study. Cause of death as determined by coroner's verdict is readily obtained but of questionable accuracy. Results may be influenced by the method of psychiatric assessment and diagnosis, especially whether case record or interview data is used, and whether multiple or only single diagnoses are determined. With computerization improved statistical analysis are now possible. There is no perfect mortality study design. Any particular design involves a trade-off of advantages and disadvantages.","PeriodicalId":77773,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatric developments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15206044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Old familiar faces: some aspects of the asylum era in Britain. Part 1. 熟悉的老面孔:英国庇护时代的某些方面。第1部分。

Psychiatric developments Pub Date : 1985-01-01

E H Hare

引用次数: 0

Old familiar faces: some aspects of the asylum era in Britain, Part II. 熟悉的老面孔:英国庇护时代的某些方面，第二部分。

Psychiatric developments Pub Date : 1985-01-01

E H Hare

引用次数: 0

Methodological problems in follow-up studies of paranoid psychoses. 偏执型精神病随访研究中的方法学问题。

Psychiatric developments Pub Date : 1985-01-01

S Opjordsmoen, N Retterstøl

{"title":"Methodological problems in follow-up studies of paranoid psychoses.","authors":"S Opjordsmoen, N Retterstøl","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"301 first-admitted hospitalized patients with paranoid psychoses have been studied by Retterstøl over a period of 5-18 years. Common Scandinavian diagnostic procedures were used. About 200 are still alive, and these subjects are at present being interviewed semistructurally by Opjordsmoen using a modification of SADS-L, and making a total follow-up period of 22-37 years. The diagnoses are confirmed according to ICD-9, RDC, DSM-III and some specific groups of delusional disorders (DD) operationalized by Winokur and Kendler. All interviews have been carried out non-blind to the diagnoses which will make a bias possible. However, in paranoid cases, it is an advantage for establishing contact and a conductive atmosphere to know something about the patient beforehand. Based upon our own experiences and reviewing the literature, we point to some important methodological aspects regarding follow-up studies in delusional persons. The suspiciousness, misinterpretation, dissimulation, rationalization and convincing argumentation seen in many paranoid cases, call for a skilled investigator and a clinical approach. However, operational criteria, new diagnostic concepts and standard procedures for follow-up interviewing and outcome assessments will make comparison for international readers easier.","PeriodicalId":77773,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatric developments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15159870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Linkage analysis for psychiatric disorders. II. Methodological considerations. 精神疾病的连锁分析。2方法论的考虑。

Psychiatric developments Pub Date : 1985-01-01

N J Cox, B K Suarez

引用次数: 0

Risk factors for depression in adolescence. 青少年抑郁的危险因素。

Psychiatric developments Pub Date : 1985-01-01

V E Wells, E Y Deykin, G L Klerman

{"title":"Risk factors for depression in adolescence.","authors":"V E Wells, E Y Deykin, G L Klerman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Public health concern regarding depression has recently increased as a result of the rise in the rate of adolescent suicide, with a probable concomitant rise in the rate of depression in this age group. The rise appears to be both a period effect, in that increased rates are now observed across age categories, and a cohort effect, in that being born after 1960 also contributes to the increase. The clinical phenomena and epidemiology of depression in adolescence are reviewed. Diagnostic criteria for depressive mood and depressive syndrome are similar to those in adults. However, the predictive value of a depressive episode in adolescence, and whether the occurrence of depression in adolescence is a transient developmental experience or whether it predicts a particular subtype of future depression, are at present unknown. The familial, social and personal risk factors for adolescent depression are reviewed, The major factors are: parental history of affective illness, childhood experience of parental loss, and female gender. Other factors, such as birth order and sibling factors, socio-economic status, race, religion, geography, concomitant medical illness, intelligence, career aspirations, substance abuse and life events, are reviewed, although their relative contributions as risk factors are less clear-cut. It is proposed that cross-sectional, retrospective and longitudinal studies are required to clarify important areas of uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":77773,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatric developments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15005818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A critical examination of empirical studies of the diagnosis of borderline disorders in adults. 对成人边缘性障碍诊断的实证研究进行了批判性检查。

Psychiatric developments Pub Date : 1985-01-01

A A Dahl

引用次数: 0

Linkage analysis for psychiatric disorders. I. Basic concepts. 精神疾病的连锁分析。一、基本概念。

Psychiatric developments Pub Date : 1985-01-01

B K Suarez, N J Cox

引用次数: 0

Carbamazepine in treatment and prophylaxis of manic-depressive disorder. 卡马西平对躁郁症的治疗和预防作用。

Psychiatric developments Pub Date : 1985-01-01

L S Strömgren, S Boller

引用次数: 0