Applied research in mental retardation最新文献_第9页

The effects of exercise on the health, intelligence, and adaptive behavior of institutionalized severely and profoundly mentally retarded adults: A systematic replication 运动对被收容的严重和深度智障成人的健康、智力和适应行为的影响:一项系统的复制

Applied research in mental retardation Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0270-3092(85)90021-9

Phillip D. Tomporowski, Norman R. Ellis

{"title":"The effects of exercise on the health, intelligence, and adaptive behavior of institutionalized severely and profoundly mentally retarded adults: A systematic replication","authors":"Phillip D. Tomporowski, Norman R. Ellis","doi":"10.1016/0270-3092(85)90021-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0270-3092(85)90021-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Institutionalized severely and profoundly mentally retarded adults participated in a 7-month program of rigorous aerobic-type exercises. The effects of the treatment on the physical fitness, intelligence, and behavior of subjects were assessed. Fifty men and women were matched in pairs based on IQ, CA, and sex and assigned randomly to an experimental (E) or control (C) group. Those in the E group met 3 hours per day, 5 days per week and received a treatment that consisted of an exercise program that included jogging, running, dance-aerobics, and circuit training. The C group continued their normal institutional training programs. The treatment produced significant improvement in the cardiovascular efficiency of subjects; however, no changes in intelligence or adaptive behavior were obtained. Although standardized tests reflected little improvement in psychological or behavioral variables due to treatment, subjective reports suggest that exercise training may serve as a more practical habilitation program for severely and profoundly mentally retarded individuals than those typically employed in institutional settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77671,"journal":{"name":"Applied research in mental retardation","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 465-473"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0270-3092(85)90021-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15185475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 35

Applied research in mental retardation Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80074-6

Ph.D. Lennart Melin

引用次数: 1

A comparison of the effects of interspersal and concurrent training sequences on acquisition, retention, and generalization of picture names 间隔和并行训练序列对图片名称习得、保留和泛化的影响比较

Applied research in mental retardation Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80066-7

Vivienne C. Rowan, Joseph J. Pear

引用次数: 24

A program to increase manual signs with severely/profoundly mentally retarded students in natural environments 一个在自然环境中为重度/重度弱智学生增加手语的项目

Applied research in mental retardation Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80067-9

Pieter C. Duker, Xavier M. Moonen

引用次数: 16

A quantitative review of self-help research with the severely and profoundly mentally retarded 重度和重度弱智自助研究的定量回顾

Applied research in mental retardation Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80072-2

Edward A. Konarski Jr., Mark S. Diorio

{"title":"A quantitative review of self-help research with the severely and profoundly mentally retarded","authors":"Edward A. Konarski Jr., Mark S. Diorio","doi":"10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80072-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80072-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Eighty-seven studies published since 1964 through 1982 on training self-help skills to severely and profoundly mentally retarded persons were analyzed according to 19 parameters reflecting their methodological details. The results sho wed a steady interest in this research area over time, but 63 % of the studies focused on toileting and feeding with fewer studies looking at other self-help skills. Package treatments composed primarily of accelerative techniques were most frequently used to train these skills. Methodologically, it was found that these studies typically involved profoundly mentally retarded people (33 % of studies) who were trained by residential staff (69% of studies) in institutional settings (63% of studies). The results also indicated an increase over time in the number of studies rated acceptable on the reliability and design parameters. Finally, very few studies reported assessments of generalization, maintenance, or social validity. It was concluded that, (a) researchers need to broaden their interests in terms of settings, trainers, and behaviors studied to best meet the needs of this population, (b) the experimental quality of this literature is improving, and (c) the social impact of observed behavior changes has yet to be fully explored.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77671,"journal":{"name":"Applied research in mental retardation","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 229-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80072-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15007112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Biosocial theory of psychopathology: A three by three factor model 精神病理学的生物社会理论:一个三乘三因素模型

Applied research in mental retardation Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80071-0

Johnny L. Matson

{"title":"Biosocial theory of psychopathology: A three by three factor model","authors":"Johnny L. Matson","doi":"10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80071-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80071-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Summary and conclusion</h3><p>An effort has been made in this paper to describe a broad based theoretical scheme for understanding emotional disorders in mentally retarded individuals. Incorporating research from a broad group of professionals and researchers is stressed, and some efforts to point out where additional research can further clarify the postulates noted here were made. Although the emphasis has been on the mentally retarded, it is likely that the implications of this view of psychopathology have credence for other populations as well.</p><p>It cannot be stressed enough that those who propose theoretical models should also be willing to conduct many experimental studies as a means of supporting or refuting claims, and as a means of further clarifying theories that have been proposed. Efforts of this sort have rarely been the case and may be due to the long term dedication and hard work required. The work of Ellis, and Zeamon and House, who have conducted research on memory and learning strategies, are two of the welcome but rare exceptions to this criticism in the general literature. Similarly, Zigler and Menolasceno's efforts provide fine examples of how theoretical models might be empirically validated.</p><p>The hypotheses in this theory have been made in a loosely constructed descriptive fashion to take into account a broad array of research, and to allow for later modifications based on the findings that emerge from studies on the topic. It is stressed that a link must be drawn between etiology, assessment, and treatment, if a model with maximum practical benefit is to emerge. This situation can only happen when information and developments from various disciplines and empirically supported theoretical views are synthesized.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77671,"journal":{"name":"Applied research in mental retardation","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 199-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80071-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14290499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

Pediatric manpower meeds in the area of developmental disorders and other chronic handicapping conditions 在发育障碍和其他慢性残疾条件方面的儿科人力需求

Applied research in mental retardation Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0270-3092(85)90023-2

Lusia Hornstein

引用次数: 2

Public school integration of severely handicapped students: Rational issues and progressive alternatives 严重残疾学生的公立学校融合:理性问题与进步选择

Applied research in mental retardation Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0270-3092(85)90010-4

Yona Leyser

引用次数: 0

Single case experimental designs: Strategieṡ for studying behavior change 个案实验设计:研究行为改变的策略

Applied research in mental retardation Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0270-3092(85)90012-8

Johnny L. Matson PhD

引用次数: 0

Applied research in mental retardation Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80029-1

Ph.D. Johnny L. Matson

引用次数: 0