{"title":"Differential developmental expression of cellular yes and cellular src proteins in cerebellum.","authors":"M Sudol, A Alvarez-Buylla, H Hanafusa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To identify the specific areas of the brain that express c-yes and c-src proteins, we examined chicken brains dissected from two-week-old birds using an immune complex kinase assay and an immune blot analysis. Highest levels of both proto-oncogene proteins were found in the cerebellum, whereas other parts of the brain, including telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon and spinal cord, showed three- to six-times lower levels. Relatively low levels of the two proteins were detected in pineal body and pituitary. When the cerebellum was further dissected into three layers, molecular, granular and fibrous, both the c-yes and c-src proteins were found to be concentrated in the molecular layer and, to a lesser degree, also in the granular layer. In cerebellum and in chicken embryo fibroblasts the c-yes protein was predominantly associated with the membrane fraction, and in chicken embryo fibroblasts c-yes was labeled with radioactive myristic acid. Adult cerebellum showed a two- to three-fold increase in the c-yes protein level over that detected in embryonal cerebellum. Conversely, c-src expression in the embryonic cerebellum was relatively high and it was diminished in the adult cerebellum. Differential developmental expression of c-yes and c-src proteins in cerebellum suggests that these proteins fulfill different functions or different aspects of the same function.</p>","PeriodicalId":77583,"journal":{"name":"Oncogene research","volume":"2 4","pages":"345-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14173843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Guanine nucleotide binding properties of purified v-Ki-ras p21 protein produced in Escherichia coli.","authors":"M Hara, T Tamaoki, H Nakano","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We have purified the v-Ki-ras p21 protein by expression in Escherichia coli of a plasmid encoding 189 amino acids of the Kirsten murine sarcoma virus oncogene. The purified p21 (over 95%) exhibited a tenfold greater affinity for GTP (1.6 x 10(-7) M) than for GDP (1.1 x 10(-6) M). The preferential binding of v-Ki-ras p21 towards GTP was attributed to the faster dissociation rate of GDP from the protein. The affinity of GDP to v-Ki-ras p21 decreased with the depletion of Mg2+ while that of GTP did not change significantly. The dissociation constant rate of the p21-GDP complex was estimated as 2 x 10(-3) s-1 in the presence of Mg2+ and increased to 2 x 10(-2) s-1 after the removal of Mg2+. These results are discussed with respect to the role of GDP-GTP exchange in the regulation of p21 function.</p>","PeriodicalId":77583,"journal":{"name":"Oncogene research","volume":"2 4","pages":"325-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14266916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transformation of bone marrow cells from E mu-myc transgenic mice by Abelson murine leukemia virus and Harvey murine sarcoma virus.","authors":"D Dyall-Smith, S Cory","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transgenic mice harboring a c-myc gene subjugated to the immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer offer a unique opportunity to investigate whether deregulated myc expression potentiates the transformation of B lymphoid cells by other oncogenes. By assessing colony formation in semi-solid medium, we have compared the potential of bone marrow cells from E mu-myc mice and their normal littermates for transformation by Harvey murine sarcoma virus and Abelson murine leukemia virus. E mu-myc bone marrow yielded more lymphoid colonies than normal marrow after infection with Harvey virus. The increased transformation frequency may reflect increased clonogenicity due to complementation between myc and ras and/or the increased number of pre-B cells in E mu-myc marrow. Surprisingly, however, the number of lymphoid colonies induced by Abelson virus was not enhanced. Our interpretation of these results is that the primary Abelson target is more primitive than the pre-B cells expressing the E mu-myc transgene and is therefore not present at increased frequency in the E mu-myc marrow. The cells from most virus-infected E mu-myc colonies failed to grow indefinitely when placed in liquid culture in the absence of a feeder layer. Thus expression of a deregulated c-myc gene together with either v-Ha-ras or v-abl does not ensure fully autonomous growth of early B lymphoid cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":77583,"journal":{"name":"Oncogene research","volume":"2 4","pages":"403-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13978891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M Duterque-Coquillaud, D Leprince, A Flourens, C Henry, J Ghysdael, B Debuire, D Stehelin
{"title":"Cloning and expression of chicken p54c-ets cDNAs: the first p54c-ets coding exon is located into the 40.0 kbp genomic domain unrelated to v-ets.","authors":"M Duterque-Coquillaud, D Leprince, A Flourens, C Henry, J Ghysdael, B Debuire, D Stehelin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We have isolated cDNA clones of chicken c-ets mRNA the longest of which, designated pCk E54A, contained approximately 2.0 kb of a c-ets mRNA species. Nucleotide sequencing of this clone revealed a single long open reading frame, extending from the first ATG codon (nucleotide +1) to a TGA termination codon at nucleotide 1324. The predicted translation product contains 441 amino acid residues and its molecular weight is 48 kd. Expression in COS-1 cells of this clone resulted in the synthesis of polypeptides immunologically indistinguishable from the authentic p54c-ets after one-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of this cDNA to that of v-ets of avian acute leukemia virus E26 showed that both sequences are almost colinear with the exception of five point mutations but present striking differences in their 5' and 3' parts. 79 nucleotides downstream of the first ATG codon in c-ets cDNA are not found in the 5' part of v-ets where they are replaced by 223 different nucleotides. The 3' parts of v-ets and the coding region of the chicken c-ets cDNAs are also different: the last 13 codons of the cDNA are replaced by 16 different codons in v-ets. Thus our results precisely define the structural differences between the ets encoded domain of E26 viral transforming protein (P135 gag-myb-ets) and the normal cellular protein p54c-ets expressed at high levels in chicken thymocytes and bursal lymphocytes. They also suggest the possibility of alternative splicing of different 5' exons to a common set of 3' exons.</p>","PeriodicalId":77583,"journal":{"name":"Oncogene research","volume":"2 4","pages":"335-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14173842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecular cloning of a novel oncogene generated by DNA recombination during transfection.","authors":"T Nakamura, J Hillova, R Mariage-Samson, M Hill","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genomic DNA of a Ewing's sarcoma cell line and pKOneo were cotransfected into NIH3T3 cells and assayed for tumorigenicity in nude mice. Primary transfected tumors all contained human DNA. One transfected sequence was retained through secondary and tertiary tumors, and was cloned in four overlapping cosmids covering 51.5-kb human DNA flanked on both sides with mouse DNA. The cloned sequence, though continuous in transfected tumors, originated from three major genetic elements discontiguous in human cells and recombined during transfection. Accordingly there was one species of hybrid RNA transcripts of 9 kb in the transfected tumors and no transcripts in human cells, including Ewing's sarcoma cells. Evidence that the cloned sequence is a biologically active novel oncogene was provided by transfection of a mixture of two cosmid clones which generated tumors where they were transcribed into 9-kb RNA. The oncogene was named tre to designate its origin from transfection recombined DNA molecules.</p>","PeriodicalId":77583,"journal":{"name":"Oncogene research","volume":"2 4","pages":"357-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13978890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Post-translational alterations of the tyrosine kinase p56lck in response to activators of protein kinase C.","authors":"A Veillette, I D Horak, J B Bolen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We have found in different human cells of lymphoid and non-lymphoid origin that the 56 kilodalton (kDa) lck protein is rapidly converted to a product migrating at approximately 60 kDa (designated p60lck) in response to the phorbol ester 4 alpha-phorbol 12 beta-myristate (PMA) as well as the diacylglycerol analogue 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol (diC8). This conversion is associated with an increase in serine phosphorylation within the amino-terminal 18 kDa portion of the lck protein. The serine phosphorylation modification and diminished electrophoretic mobility of the lck protein appear to be completely reversible within 60 min following treatment with diC8. The changes in p56lck phosphorylation and gel mobility in response to activators of protein kinase C are also associated with a small but reproducible decrease in the ability of the lck protein to be phosphorylated in immune complex kinase assays. While these alterations of the lck gene product may play an important role in antigen-mediated activation of T-lymphocytes, we demonstrated that they can also be induced independently of T-cell activation suggesting that they are not necessarily implicative of this process.</p>","PeriodicalId":77583,"journal":{"name":"Oncogene research","volume":"2 4","pages":"385-401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14173845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Complementary DNA clones of chicken proto-oncogene c-ets: sequence divergence from the viral oncogene v-ets.","authors":"J H Chen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The avian acute leukemia virus E26 induces erythroblastosis and myeloblastosis in chickens. The oncogene of this virus includes sequences derived from the cellular gene designated c-ets, which is normally expressed in lymphoid cells and whose product is a protein of apparent molecular weight ca. 54,000 daltons. Complementary DNA clones representing the major transcript of the chicken c-ets proto-oncogene were isolated from a spleen cell library. Sequence analysis of the cDNA revealed that it contains an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 441 amino acids with a molecular weight of 49,932 daltons. This open reading frame can be transcribed and translated in vitro into a 50 kd protein that is specifically immunoprecipitated with antiserum to the v-ets oncogene product. Within the central region of homology between c-ets and v-ets, there are only 5 nucleotide substitutions resulting in 4 amino acid changes. However, coding sequences at the 5' and 3' ends of the v-ets oncogene and the chicken c-ets cDNA differ from one another. These changes may be responsible for the differential functions of c-ets and v-ets in cells of different hematopoietic lineages and may account for the pathogenic properties of the v-ets oncogene.</p>","PeriodicalId":77583,"journal":{"name":"Oncogene research","volume":"2 4","pages":"371-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14173844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S A Leibovitch, M P Leibovitch, M Guillier, J Harel
{"title":"Expression of two c-fms-related gene products in rat muscular stem cells.","authors":"S A Leibovitch, M P Leibovitch, M Guillier, J Harel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two c-fms related transcripts 2.0 and 3.7 kb long are continuously expressed during the growth of rat myogenic cells (L6 alpha 1 line) and both are progressively eliminated when cell monolayers reach contact inhibition and differentiate. The 3.7 kb species apparently spans the three domains (intracytoplasmic, transmembrane, extracellular) of the putative c-fms gene(s) while the 2.0 kb species corresponds to the intracytoplasmic domain. In cell-free translation assays, these transcripts directed the synthesis of two proteins of 116 kD and 69 kD respectively. Both transcripts were found to exist in the various lines of rat myoblasts and muscular tumors investigated, and also at low levels in fetal and neonatal muscles. These data and other ones, still preliminary, strongly suggest that two types of c-fms-related gene products have a role in the normal and neoplastic growth of muscular cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":77583,"journal":{"name":"Oncogene research","volume":"2 3","pages":"293-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14101377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M L Mucenski, B A Taylor, N G Copeland, N A Jenkins
{"title":"Chromosomal location of Evi-1, a common site of ecotropic viral integration in AKXD murine myeloid tumors.","authors":"M L Mucenski, B A Taylor, N G Copeland, N A Jenkins","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The chromosomal location of Evi-1, a common site of ecotropic viral integration in AKXD murine myelogenous leukemias, was determined by recombinant inbred and conventional backcross analyses. We mapped Evi-1 to a location approximately 15 cM distal to the carbonic anhydrase locus on murine Chromosome 3. The chromosomal location of the proto-oncogene Nras, and two growth factors, epidermal growth factor (Egf), and the beta subunit of nerve growth factor (Ngfb), which had previously been assigned to Chromosome 3 by somatic cell hybrid analysis, were also determined. The location of Evi-1 is distinct from these three loci and from all other proto-oncogenes, common sites of viral integration, or growth factor loci previously mapped in mouse chromosomes. These results suggest that Evi-1 represents a new locus involved in myeloid disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":77583,"journal":{"name":"Oncogene research","volume":"2 3","pages":"219-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14033173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z M Sheng, M Guerin, M Gabillot, M Spielmann, G Riou
{"title":"c-Ha-ras-1 polymorphism in human breast carcinomas: evidence for a normal distribution of alleles.","authors":"Z M Sheng, M Guerin, M Gabillot, M Spielmann, G Riou","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Analysis of the c-Ha-ras-1 locus for restriction fragment length polymorphism was determined by Southern blot hybridization in 112 specimens of primary breast carcinoma. Normal cell samples were lymphocytes obtained from 61 of these breast cancer patients and from 62 healthy donors. Our data indicate that the distribution of c-Ha-ras-1 alleles in breast carcinoma patients did not significantly differ from that found in normal individuals. In addition the loss of one allele detected in 5 tumor samples was not correlated to the aggressiveness of breast cancer. Consequently our data imply that hereditary predisposition to breast cancer is not associated with the c-Ha-ras-1 polymorphism as previously reported.</p>","PeriodicalId":77583,"journal":{"name":"Oncogene research","volume":"2 3","pages":"245-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14033174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}