{"title":"International units.","authors":"P. Norman","doi":"10.1063/1.3060741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3060741","url":null,"abstract":"ــلا Micronutrients are ..etc… Rationale A pot 3-factor trial Seed and ..etc.. There is need for …etc. ABSTRACT Micronutrients are becoming increasingly applied in combinations to soybeans in view of high-yielding cultivars, hence assessment of their interactions is vital . A pot 3-factor trial on Zn-Mn-Co interaction was done using soybean ( Glycine max L.) on a TypicHaploargid light clay soil. Treatments being Zn 0, Zn 1 ,Zn 2 ; Mn 0 , Mn 1 , Mn 2 at 0, 5 , and 10 mg kg - 1 respectively for each ; Co 0 ,Co 1 and Co 2 at 0 , 2.5 , and 5.0 mg kg -1 respectively Seed yield, and nutrient uptake per pot of non-fertilized were:10.8 g 237 ug Zn, 267 ug Mn, and 2.13 ug Co. Giving each singly or combined with other(s) raised yield by up to 36%. Added alone, Zn gave 28% ,but no or little increase in presence of Mn or Co. Mn with no Zn gave 34 % increase but in Zn presence, had no effect or16% decrease. Co when alone increased yield slightly. Zn uptake rose by 8 % (Zn 0 Mn 2 Co 0 ) to 82% (Zn 2 Mn 0 Co 0 ). Zn increased its uptake by 68 to 82% .Zn uptake rose by up to 20% by Mn alone in absence of others. Co alone increased Zn uptake by up to15%, but given with other(s) it caused a decrease. Mn,singly increased Mn uptake by 30 to 45 % , and lower when combined with others . Zn increased Mn uptake by 5 to 10% on average, and to 13% when singly. There is a need for balanced Zn-Mn-Co combination to get most benefits.","PeriodicalId":77490,"journal":{"name":"Arbeiten aus dem Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (Bundesamt fur Sera und Impfstoffe) zu Frankfurt a.M","volume":"82 1","pages":"45-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1063/1.3060741","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48897085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Montserrat Fernandez-Rivas, Marja Aalbers, Kay Fötisch, Pleuni de Heer, Silla Notten, Stefan Vieths, Ronald van Ree
{"title":"Immune reactivity of candidate reference materials.","authors":"Montserrat Fernandez-Rivas, Marja Aalbers, Kay Fötisch, Pleuni de Heer, Silla Notten, Stefan Vieths, Ronald van Ree","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune reactivity is a key issue in the evaluation of the quality of recombinant allergens as potential reference materials. Within the frame of the CREATE project, the immune reactivity of the natural and recombinant versions of the major allergens of birch pollen (Bet v 1), grass pollen (Phl p 1 and 5), olive pollen (Ole e 1), and house dust mite (Der p 1 and 2, and Der f 1 and 2) was analysed. The IgE binding capacity of the allergens was studied by direct RAST and RAST inhibition, and their biological activity by basophil histamine release, using sera of allergic patients selected across Europe. For birch pollen, rBet v 1 is an excellent mimic of the natural allergen. For grass pollen, rPhl p 1 showed a significant lower IgE reactivity and was not considered a suitable candidate, whereas rPhl p 5a exhibited an immune reactivity closer to that of its natural counterpart. For olive, rOle e 1 had a lower IgE binding capacity in RAST but a higher biological activity in histamine release. For house dust mite, recombinant group 1 allergens were significantly less potent than their natural counterparts, but recombinant group 2 allergens were close mimics of their natural homologues.</p>","PeriodicalId":77490,"journal":{"name":"Arbeiten aus dem Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (Bundesamt fur Sera und Impfstoffe) zu Frankfurt a.M","volume":" 95","pages":"84-8; discussion 88-90, 100-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26233181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical index-score and the ALMA study.","authors":"Albrecht Bufe, Tim Holland-Letz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77490,"journal":{"name":"Arbeiten aus dem Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (Bundesamt fur Sera und Impfstoffe) zu Frankfurt a.M","volume":" 95","pages":"159-65; discussion 165-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26233189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding the immunological basis of asthma; immunotherapy and regulatory T cells.","authors":"Dale T Umetsu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We believe that immunotherapy with HKL as an adjuvant induces Thl-like TReg cells that can inhibit AHR and airway inflammation. These antigen-specific TReg cells are induced with CD8alpha+ DCs producing IL-12 and IL-10, produce IFN-gamma and IL-10, and also express T-bet and Foxp3. These Th1Reg cells are distinct from antigen-specific TReg cells induced with respiratory tolerance, which can also inhibit AHR and airway inflammation. These Th2-like TReg cells are induced with CD8alpha- DCs producing IL-10, they express IL-10, GATA3 and Foxp3. So allergen immunotherapy is effective in large part because it induces regulatory T cells. With HKL you get Th1Reg cells, and with other forms of immunotherapy you may get Th2Reg cells. We believe that with further refinements, allergen immunotherapy that rapidly induces allergen specific TReg cells will indeed be the magic bullets for allergy and asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":77490,"journal":{"name":"Arbeiten aus dem Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (Bundesamt fur Sera und Impfstoffe) zu Frankfurt a.M","volume":" 95","pages":"211-4; discussion 215-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26631268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A bright future for sublingual immunotherapy--contra.","authors":"Jörg Kleine-Tebbe","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Defining the role of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) for the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic asthma is hampered for various reasons: Heterogeneity in study designs, different allergen extracts and dosages, imperfect assessment strategies and partially inconclusive results. A number of questions need to be addressed before replacing subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) by the sublingual route: Ideal dose, treatment duration, magnitude of improvement, modification of the immune response, long-term and preventive effects. At present, SLIT might be used in adults with pollen related rhinoconjunctivitis, particularly if SCIT is not suitable for the patient (i.e. systemic effects). Only few data support SLIT for house dust mite allergy or bronchial asthma. Due to a lack of convincing results SLIT for children should only be applied in controlled studies and not in the daily routine. A more substantiated and conclusive judgment of SLIT is possibly warranted in a few years, when more studies with larger patient groups have addressed open questions concerning SLIT.</p>","PeriodicalId":77490,"journal":{"name":"Arbeiten aus dem Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (Bundesamt fur Sera und Impfstoffe) zu Frankfurt a.M","volume":" 95","pages":"242-50; discussion 250-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26631727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regulatory aspects of allergen products for immunotherapy--considerations from the viewpoint of manufacturers.","authors":"Albert M Kroon","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present publication describes the actual situation anno 2005 with respect to registration of allergen products for specific immunotherapy (SIT) in Europe. It is concluded that the lack of the implementation of regulations and directives in force, is due to underestimation of the specific demands and aspects of the pathogenicity of allergic diseases at the one hand and of allergen products as a unique set of biological medicinal products at the other. The issues of regulatory nature that need careful attention and consideration in the opinion of the manufacturers are given in a number of statements. The main conclusion is that an EU-guideline for allergen products is urgently needed. A dialogue between regulatory authorities and representatives of the manufacturers, prior to the formulation of a new guideline seems of the utmost importance, as to prevent a similar stalemate as after the introduction of the foreseen regulatory measures of the past. The new guideline should include: An allergen product monograph. Recommendations for clinical development of allergen products like: Number of patients for efficacy and safety Acceptability of different efficacy parameters. Recommendations for toxicology.</p>","PeriodicalId":77490,"journal":{"name":"Arbeiten aus dem Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (Bundesamt fur Sera und Impfstoffe) zu Frankfurt a.M","volume":" 95","pages":"49-58; discussion 58-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26233175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical trials with allergen products--statistical considerations.","authors":"Peter Volkers","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77490,"journal":{"name":"Arbeiten aus dem Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (Bundesamt fur Sera und Impfstoffe) zu Frankfurt a.M","volume":" 95","pages":"172-80; discussion 181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26233191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Allergen nomenclature: a need for the scientific community.","authors":"Jørgen N Larsen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77490,"journal":{"name":"Arbeiten aus dem Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (Bundesamt fur Sera und Impfstoffe) zu Frankfurt a.M","volume":" 95","pages":"5-9; discussion 9-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26233273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EU procedures for marketing authorization of pharmaceutical products.","authors":"Rainer Seitz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77490,"journal":{"name":"Arbeiten aus dem Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (Bundesamt fur Sera und Impfstoffe) zu Frankfurt a.M","volume":" 95","pages":"60-3; discussion 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26233176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Marketing authorization for recombinant products in Europe.","authors":"Michael Pfleiderer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77490,"journal":{"name":"Arbeiten aus dem Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (Bundesamt fur Sera und Impfstoffe) zu Frankfurt a.M","volume":" 95","pages":"65-7; discussion 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26233177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}