Advances in alcohol & substance abuse最新文献_第3页

Benzodiazepines: reconsidered. 苯二氮卓类:重新考虑。

Advances in alcohol & substance abuse Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1300/J251v08n03_06

N S Miller, M S Gold

{"title":"Benzodiazepines: reconsidered.","authors":"N S Miller, M S Gold","doi":"10.1300/J251v08n03_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J251v08n03_06","url":null,"abstract":"The benzodiazepines were first introduced in 1960. Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) was the first of the class of drugs called benzodiazepines, in a deliberate attempt to synthesize a tranquilizer without the sedative properties and abuse, addiction, tolerance, and dependence potential of the barbiturates, and other sedative/hypnotic drugs. The popularity of the benzodiazepines rose steadily to a peak period in the mid 1970s when diazepam (Valium) was the most commonly prescribed drug of any kind, including antihypertensive, analgesic and other psychotropic medications. The current evaluations of benzodiazepines use and abuse demonstrate clearly that they produce tolerance and dependence in short and long-term administration. The development of abuse and addiction is also strongly substantiated although they are not as easily appreciated and identified because of confusion in diagnosis and treatment of abuse and addiction. Significant problems in definitions, diagnosis, interpretations and conclusions exist in general practice regarding abuse and addiction, and their relationship to use of and symptoms produced by benzodiazepines. The lack of clarity in defining abuse and addiction and tolerance and dependence in clinical practice leads to institution and perpetuation of the toxicity and untoward effects of the benzodiazepines.","PeriodicalId":77481,"journal":{"name":"Advances in alcohol & substance abuse","volume":"8 3-4","pages":"67-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J251v08n03_06","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13130065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychosocial inventory among first-year college students by patterns of alcohol use. 一年级大学生酒精使用模式的心理社会量表。

Advances in alcohol & substance abuse Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1300/j251v09n03_01

R J Canterbury, C F Gressard, W V Vieweg, S J Grossman, P S Westerman, R B McKelway

引用次数: 22

Relationship between morbidity and mortality due to alcoholic cardiomyopathy and alcohol consumption in Australia. 澳大利亚酒精性心肌病发病率和死亡率与酒精消费的关系

Advances in alcohol & substance abuse Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1300/J251v08n03_05

D I Smith

引用次数: 4

Alcohol: mechanisms of addiction and reinforcement. 酒精:成瘾和强化机制。

Advances in alcohol & substance abuse Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1300/J251v09n01_04

M J Lewis

引用次数: 19

Patient characteristics and outcome of inpatient treatment for alcoholism. 酒精中毒住院治疗的病人特点和结果。

Advances in alcohol & substance abuse Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1300/J251v08n03_02

J L Waisberg

引用次数: 29

PCP and hallucinogens. PCP和致幻剂。

Advances in alcohol & substance abuse Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1300/J251v09n01_10

M E Carroll

{"title":"PCP and hallucinogens.","authors":"M E Carroll","doi":"10.1300/J251v09n01_10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J251v09n01_10","url":null,"abstract":"In this review phencyclidine and related arylcyclohexylamines and hallucinogens, using LSD as the prototype, are considered as two distinct classes of abused drugs. Within these classes drugs that are found on the street are discussed, and a current epidemiological summary is provided. The abuse liability and dependence potential of these drugs are evaluated by considering four major determinants of their abuse. First, is the ability of a drug to function as a positive reinforcer and increase the probability of operant behavior leading to its delivery. Animal data describing the reinforcing effects of PCP are reviewed with respect to the influence of variables controlling drug-reinforced behavior; however, there are no animal models of hallucinogen-reinforced behavior. Several methods of quantifying reinforcing efficacy are discussed. A second determinant is the subjective effects of the respective drugs. These effects are described and compared across drugs based on clinical reports in humans and drug discrimination studies in animals. A third determinant is the behavioral and physiological toxicity that results from acute and chronic use of these drugs. Clinical reports and results of sensitive tests that have been developed for laboratory animals are reviewed. A fourth determinant is the dependence potential that exists with these drugs, measured by tolerance development and the extent to which behavioral and physiological disturbances occur when drug use is terminated.","PeriodicalId":77481,"journal":{"name":"Advances in alcohol & substance abuse","volume":"9 1-2","pages":"167-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J251v09n01_10","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13351069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Drug dependence: defining the issues. 药物依赖:界定问题。

Advances in alcohol & substance abuse Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1300/J251v09n01_01

C K Erickson, M A Javors, W W Morgan

引用次数: 0

Abuse liability of barbiturates and other sedative-hypnotics. 巴比妥类药物和其他镇静催眠药物的滥用责任。

Advances in alcohol & substance abuse Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1300/J251v09n01_05

W W Morgan

{"title":"Abuse liability of barbiturates and other sedative-hypnotics.","authors":"W W Morgan","doi":"10.1300/J251v09n01_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J251v09n01_05","url":null,"abstract":"The principal action of the sedative-hypnotic drugs, of whom the barbiturates are the most widely known and utilized, is to produce drowsiness and promote sleep. At one time these were also the only drugs available to calm seriously anxious or disturbed people. Unfortunately, in addition to their clinical applications these drugs manifest a very high abuse potential. Experienced drug abusers report feelings of well-being and euphoria while under the influence of these drugs. Self-administration experiments conducted in animals have shown that the barbiturates are potent reinforcing agents. In controlled studies in humans, former drug abusers express a preference for barbiturates over benzodiazepines and will \"work\" to receive barbiturates. Long term consumption of the sedative-hypnotics, particularly barbiturates, leads to dependence characterized by a severe, potentially life-threatening abstinence syndrome following the abrupt withdrawal of the drug. Withdrawal manifestations include delirium and grand mal seizures. Because of the high abuse potential of these drugs, their manufacture and distribution has been greatly curtailed, and for most clinical applications they have been largely replaced by drugs, e.g., the benzodiazepines, which appear to have much less abuse liability.","PeriodicalId":77481,"journal":{"name":"Advances in alcohol & substance abuse","volume":"9 1-2","pages":"67-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J251v09n01_05","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13351071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Increased membrane order of erythrocytes in alcoholics as measured by fluorescence polarization: a possible marker for tolerance in alcoholics. 荧光偏振测量的嗜酒者红细胞膜序增加:嗜酒者耐受性的可能标志。

Advances in alcohol & substance abuse Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1300/j251v09n03_04

N S Miller

引用次数: 0

Addictive behaviors and benzodiazepines: 1. Abuse liability and physical dependence. 成瘾行为与苯二氮卓类药物:1。虐待倾向和身体依赖。

Advances in alcohol & substance abuse Pub Date : 1989-01-01 DOI: 10.1300/J251v08n01_08

E C Senay

引用次数: 16