The Prostate. Supplement最新文献

{"title":"Alpha(1)-adrenoceptors (alpha(1)-AR) and vascular smooth muscle cell growth.","authors":"B B Hoffman,&nbsp;Z W Hu","doi":"10.1002/1097-0045(2000)45:9+<29::aid-pros7>3.0.co;2-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0045(2000)45:9+<29::aid-pros7>3.0.co;2-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Smooth muscle cells in vascular tissue, like tissue within the urogenital sinus, undergo growth and proliferation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review attempts to compare and contrast the mechanisms and controlling factors involved in prostatic and vascular tissue. There is a particular focus on the role of catecholamines and alpha-adrenoceptors (alpha-ARs), and on the effects of alpha(1)-AR antagonists (blockers) on cellular dynamics. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The situation in vascular tissue appears analagous to that in prostatic tissue. Certain AR-antagonists, in addition to altering smooth muscle contraction, may have other actions on cellular dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":77436,"journal":{"name":"The Prostate. Supplement","volume":"9 ","pages":"29-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/1097-0045(2000)45:9+<29::aid-pros7>3.0.co;2-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21884829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of alpha(1)-adrenoceptor (alpha(1)-AR) antagonists on cell proliferation and apoptosis in the prostate: therapeutic implications in prostatic disease.","authors":"N Kyprianou,&nbsp;J Chon,&nbsp;C M Benning","doi":"10.1002/1097-0045(2000)45:9+<42::aid-pros9>3.0.co;2-u","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0045(2000)45:9+<42::aid-pros9>3.0.co;2-u","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer established that disruption of the molecular mechanisms that regulate apoptosis and cell proliferation among the stromal and epithelial cell populations, may underlie the neoplastic development that characterizes the aging gland. This work examined the effects of selected alpha(1)-adrenoceptor (alpha(1)-AR) antagonists (blockers) on cellular dynamics to determine whether induction of apoptosis or inhibition of proliferation could contribute to the overall clinical profile.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our efforts were focused on investigating whether alpha(1)-AR antagonists of two different chemical classes affect prostate pathophysiology via mechanisms other than smooth muscle contraction. In in vitro experiments, the two clinically used quinazoline alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonists terazosin and doxazosin and the chemically-distinct sulphonamide, tamsulosin, were examined for effects on prostatic tumor growth, by inhibiting cell proliferation and'or inducing apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings suggest that alpha(1)-AR antagonists, terazosin and doxazosin, suppress prostatic growth by inducing apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner and without affecting cell proliferation. Tamsulosin exerted no effect on prostate cancer cell growth. The apoptotic effect of terazosin and doxazosin appears to be independent of the alpha(1)-adrenoceptor block.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Taken together, our findings demonstrate the ability of the quinazoline alpha-blockers, terazosin and doxazosin, but not the sulphonamide, tamsulosin, to suppress prostate growth by inducing apoptosis among the epithelial cells in the benign and malignant prostate. These studies underwrite the durability of the response seen in long-term studies with terazosin, and suggest the potential of this drug in the treatment of prostate carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":77436,"journal":{"name":"The Prostate. Supplement","volume":"9 ","pages":"42-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/1097-0045(2000)45:9+<42::aid-pros9>3.0.co;2-u","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21884831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prostate as an endocrine organ: androgens and estrogens.","authors":"P Ekman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77436,"journal":{"name":"The Prostate. Supplement","volume":"10 ","pages":"14-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21883449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does induction of apoptosis contribute to the overall clinical profile of terazosin? Introduction.","authors":"G Bartsch","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77436,"journal":{"name":"The Prostate. Supplement","volume":"9 ","pages":"2-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21884824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endocrine treatment: expected duration stage by stage.","authors":"F H Schröder","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77436,"journal":{"name":"The Prostate. Supplement","volume":"10 ","pages":"26-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21883450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential side-effects of endocrine treatment of long duration in prostate cancer.","authors":"R Stege","doi":"10.1002/1097-0045(2000)45:10+<38::aid-pros8>3.0.co;2-m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0045(2000)45:10+<38::aid-pros8>3.0.co;2-m","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endocrine treatment of prostate cancer has been established for more than 5 decades. Focusing on immediate or short-term side effects, bilateral orchidectomy may cause psychological trauma, treatment with oral estrogens is combined with a high risk of severe cardiovascular complications, and the use of LH-RH agonists and antiandrogens as monotherapies or in combination may result in tumor flare, hot flashes, and gynecomastia. In recent years an increasing number of reports on anemia and/or osteoporosis related to endocrine treatment have been published. These side effects are regular and persistent after orchidectomy, or during treatment with LH-RH agonists, and are most often expressed with maximum androgen blockade. In contrast, anemia and/or osteoporosis are not reported with estrogen treatment or the use of nonsteroidal antiandrogens as a monotherapy regimen. Since many prostate cancer patients are treated hormonally for many years, control of Hb levels and bone mineral density before and after initiation of treatment at regular intervals is highly recommended as a standard of care.</p>","PeriodicalId":77436,"journal":{"name":"The Prostate. Supplement","volume":"10 ","pages":"38-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/1097-0045(2000)45:10+<38::aid-pros8>3.0.co;2-m","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21884821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical perspective on apoptosis in the management of the BPH patient.","authors":"J Fitzpatrick","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traditionally, alpha(1)-adrenoceptor (AR) antagonists have been assumed to produce clinical benefit by an exclusive action on the tone of the periurethral stromal smooth muscle. However, recent evidence has emerged of additional intra- and extraprostatic actions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This article attempts to put into clinical context the recently described effects of certain alpha(1)-AR on prostate cell dynamics (i.e., proliferation and apoptosis). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS There is good evidence that certain alpha(1)-AR antagonists, in addition to affecting stromal smooth muscle, have effects on prostatic apoptosis that contribute to the overall clinical profile. Furthermore, this is not a class effect and may be restricted to balanced quinazoline alpha blockers (BQABs), such as terazosin.</p>","PeriodicalId":77436,"journal":{"name":"The Prostate. Supplement","volume":"9 ","pages":"47-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21884832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploitable mechanisms for the blockade of androgenic action.","authors":"K Griffiths,&nbsp;L J Denis","doi":"10.1002/1097-0045(2000)45:10+<43::aid-pros9>3.0.co;2-l","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0045(2000)45:10+<43::aid-pros9>3.0.co;2-l","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77436,"journal":{"name":"The Prostate. Supplement","volume":"10 ","pages":"43-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/1097-0045(2000)45:10+<43::aid-pros9>3.0.co;2-l","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21884822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immediate vs. delayed androgen deprivation for prostate cancer.","authors":"P. V. Van Cangh, J. Gala, B. Tombal","doi":"10.1002/1097-0045(2000)45:10+<19::AID-PROS5>3.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0045(2000)45:10+<19::AID-PROS5>3.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Androgen ablation has been the standard treatment of symptomatic patients with metastatic prostate cancer for more than 50 years. Within the last 15 years, the introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has induced a stage migration toward less extensive disease and a dramatic decrease in the proportion of men presenting with N+/M+ disease. Historical studies, conducted during the pre-PSA era, are therefore of limited interest in counseling modern patients. The routine use of radical therapies such as radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy has considerably expanded the problem of timing of endocrine treatment in range and complexity. Advanced disease is now diagnosed in patients with limited involvement of extraprostatic sites and even in patients presenting an isolated elevation of PSA after radical treatment. In the absence of clear guidelines, data from past literature and ongoing modern studies were compiled in the present review in an attempt to generate practical considerations.","PeriodicalId":77436,"journal":{"name":"The Prostate. Supplement","volume":" 10","pages":"19-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50637920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Granin-A, parathyroid hormone-related protein, and calcitonin gene products in neuroendocrine prostate cancer.","authors":"L J Deftos","doi":"10.1002/(sici)1097-0045(1998)8+<23::aid-pros5>3.0.co;2-h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0045(1998)8+<23::aid-pros5>3.0.co;2-h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The importance of the expression of granin A (GRN-A, chromogranin-A), calcitonin (CT) gene products (CGPs), and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) has become appreciated in the neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation of prostate cancer. We have studied the prostate expression of these three NE cell products with in vivo and in vitro methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>GRN-A secretion was measured by immunoassay in serum samples from patients with prostate cancer. Immunohistology procedures were used to assess GRN-A, CGPs, and PTHrP expression in paraffin-embedded prostate tissue samples. Serum and tumor findings were evaluated according to the patient's clinical status. All three substances were also studied in prostate cancer cell cultures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GRN-A, PTHrP, and CGPs were all secreted products of prostate cancer. Our studies demonstrated that GRN-A can serve as a prostate cancer serum and tumor marker with clinical value for both diagnosis and prognosis. Elevated serum GRN-A levels identified patients with prostate cancer, including some who did not have elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Serum GRN-A concentrations also had prognostic value for prostate cancer. PTHrP and CGPs were expressed in prostate cancer in addition to GRN-A, and all three were secreted by prostate cells in culture. Each had effects on prostate cell growth.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GRN-A, PTHrP, and CGPs are produced and secreted by prostate cells. These three NE cell products can serve as tumor and markers for prostate cancer that have diagnostic and prognostic value. In addition, their derived peptides regulate prostate cell growth. However, studies more conclusive than the preliminary observations of our group and of other investigators are needed to define the roles of PTHrP, GRN-A, and CGPs in prostate cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":77436,"journal":{"name":"The Prostate. Supplement","volume":"8 ","pages":"23-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/(sici)1097-0045(1998)8+<23::aid-pros5>3.0.co;2-h","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20607777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}