Anaesthesia最新文献

{"title":"After-hours surgery: concerns in confounders and conclusion – a reply","authors":"Tak Kyu Oh,&nbsp;In-Ae Song","doi":"10.1111/anae.16593","DOIUrl":"10.1111/anae.16593","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We thank Sakurai and Takeda [<span>1</span>] for their interest in our study [<span>2</span>]. It is inevitable there will be confounding variables present in a retrospective, large-scale population-based, cohort study. Ultimately, we assert that effective reflection on and control of confounding variables enhances the reliability of the study findings.</p><p>Initially, it was necessary to incorporate the emergency surgery group to guarantee a sufficiently large after-hours cohort; this clearly represents a constraint. We tried to enhance the reliability of our findings by accounting for the complexity and risk associated with the surgical procedures, referred to as ‘total relative value unit’. We trust this addresses the concerns regarding the absence of information on surgical procedures.</p><p>Regarding the absolute standardised mean difference calculation, we have verified that 0.071 is accurate. The calculation of absolute standardised mean difference clearly considers the substantial numbers of patients (very large in our study), the 1:5 matching ratio and the 0.25 matching calliper. We consulted our statistician regarding the varying outcomes from the formula by Sakurai and Takeda [<span>1</span>], and they indicated that it is improbable that all factors were considered.</p><p>In summary, we acknowledge that there are constraints to our findings. There appears to be significant potential for additional investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7742,"journal":{"name":"Anaesthesia","volume":"80 5","pages":"597"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/anae.16593","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of venture capital investments in anaesthesiology companies from 2000 to 2024","authors":"Ravi Dhawan,&nbsp;Dario von Wedel,&nbsp;Simone Redaelli,&nbsp;Maximilian S. Schaefer,&nbsp;Denys Shay","doi":"10.1111/anae.16589","DOIUrl":"10.1111/anae.16589","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Anaesthesia and critical care have witnessed a surge in innovation and entrepreneurship driven by a rising demand for surgical and procedural care and the need to enhance both the efficacy and efficiency of delivery amidst a global shortage of anaesthetists [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. Venture capital, a form of high-risk private investment in early-stage companies, plays a critical role in accelerating this innovation, which is particularly evident in the recent adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) to improve clinical decision-making and mitigate healthcare provider burnout [&lt;span&gt;1, 2&lt;/span&gt;]. While private capital investments can drive innovations in healthcare, they also raise ethical concerns, with documented risks to care efficacy and patient cost increases [&lt;span&gt;3, 4&lt;/span&gt;]. Previous studies have highlighted venture capital investments in medical devices [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;] and surgical specialties [&lt;span&gt;6, 7&lt;/span&gt;] as well as recent speculation about their potential impact on anaesthesia [&lt;span&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;]. However, the specific role of venture capital investment in advancing innovation in anaesthesia remains underexplored. We analysed thematic and temporal trends in venture capital investments in anaesthesia companies to better understand investor interest, emerging innovations and potential areas of unmet medical need in the field.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Adapting from established methodologies [&lt;span&gt;5-8&lt;/span&gt;], we extracted data from PitchBook (Seattle, WA, USA), a comprehensive capital markets database, to retrospectively examine venture capital investments in anaesthesia companies from 1 January 2000 to 1 July 2024. We selected companies based on their descriptions in PitchBook and product pipeline information from manufacturer websites. Three reviewers (RD, DW and SR) classified each company into thematic, non-mutually exclusive categories related to devices and therapeutics (Table 1). For each category, we analysed total capital raised, international patents and clinical trials listed or completed on ClinicalTrials.gov. Institutional review board approval was not required under the Common Rule. Data analysis was conducted using R (version 4.4.1; R Foundation, Vienna, Austria).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Of 476 companies identified, 284 were relevant to anaesthesia and attracted £42.0 (US$53.0, €50.8) billion in venture capital funding, with a median capital raised of £5.6 (US$7.0, €6.7) million. Capital invested grew from £2.4 (US$ 3.0, € 2.9) million in 2000 to £0.87 (US$ 1.1, €1.1) billion in 2023, representing a compound annual growth rate of 28.1% over this period (Fig. 1). The pharmaceuticals and pain management sector emerged as the largest recipient of funding, representing 29.6% of all companies and accounting for 94.9% of the total capital raised, highlighting strong market demand for innovative pain management therapies. Another key area of investment was monitoring and diagnostic systems, comprising 21.8% of the companies and attracting £700.4 (US$883.2, €846.2)","PeriodicalId":7742,"journal":{"name":"Anaesthesia","volume":"80 5","pages":"586-588"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/anae.16589","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of sensory block duration on rebound pain after outpatient orthopaedic foot surgery under popliteal sciatic nerve block: an observational study","authors":"Javier Barrio,&nbsp;Enrique Madrid,&nbsp;Eva Gil,&nbsp;María T. Richart,&nbsp;Amparo Sánchez de Merás","doi":"10.1111/anae.16590","DOIUrl":"10.1111/anae.16590","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Rebound pain after surgery under peripheral nerve block refers to the transition from adequate analgesia to severe acute postoperative pain following sensory block regression [&lt;span&gt;1, 2&lt;/span&gt;]. This can be a significant clinical issue in outpatient surgeries. Non-modifiable risk factors include younger age, female sex and bone surgery, while dexamethasone is a modifiable independent factor that reduces the incidence [&lt;span&gt;1-5&lt;/span&gt;]. Identifying other potentially modifiable factors associated with rebound pain could help guide preventive or therapeutic strategies. Evidence regarding the impact of block duration remains limited [&lt;span&gt;1, 6, 7&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In our clinical practice, we perform outpatient open foot surgeries under sciatic popliteal block combined with intravenous dexamethasone and have observed a trend suggesting that longer sensory block duration correlates with reduced postoperative pain. We evaluated the incidence of rebound pain after outpatient orthopaedic open foot surgery using a popliteal sciatic nerve block and intravenous dexamethasone and explored the link between sensory block duration and rebound pain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This single-centre prospective, cohort study was approved by the research ethics committee of Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, València, Spain and written consent was obtained from all patients. Adult patients (ASA physical status 1–3) scheduled for elective outpatient orthopaedic open foot surgery under popliteal sciatic nerve block were included. Patients with type 1 diabetes or undergoing chronic pain treatment were not studied. Patients received 4–8 mg intravenous dexamethasone before the nerve block, performed by trained anaesthetists who selected the volume and type of local anaesthetic (0.5% levobupivacaine or a 50:50 mepivacaine/levobupivacaine mixture) according to their clinical practice. The postoperative analgesic protocol included paracetamol and dexketoprofen, with tramadol for rescue. The primary outcome measures were incidence of rebound pain (numerical rating scale (NRS) ≥ 7 after sensory block regression) and sensory block duration (time from block establishment to pain onset). Patients were followed up by telephone at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post-surgery. Statistical analysis included univariate comparison between patients with and without rebound pain, Spearman's ρ to assess correlation and multivariate logistic regression for the primary outcome (incidence of rebound pain). A priori variables considered for inclusion in the model were age and sex, along with any other recorded data associated with rebound pain (cut-off p ≤ 0.2). A sample size of 100 patients was calculated to ensure adequate power for the regression model, considering a maximum of four independent variables and a frequency of 40%.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;From February 2023 to May 2024, 101 patients were included of whom 37 (37%) developed rebound pain. Mean (SD) sensory block duration for nerve blocks using 0.5% levobupivacaine was signif","PeriodicalId":7742,"journal":{"name":"Anaesthesia","volume":"80 5","pages":"582-583"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/anae.16590","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cautious generosity advised: stop (the lidocaine infusion) before you block (the atrioventricular node)","authors":"Jan Hansel","doi":"10.1111/anae.16595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.16595","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;I read with interest the population pharmacokinetic study of intravenous lidocaine infusion in 30 patients, stratified according to stage of obesity by Tognolini et al. [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. A word of caution is warranted on the generously worded conclusion and the simulated dosing regimen.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Clinical trials assess efficacy, effectiveness and safety; however, there is a paucity of guidance on whether a hierarchy of said outcome clusters should be adopted. That is to say, are there situations where safety should be considered more important than efficacy? A commonly employed approach is adopting an efficacy and safety endpoint as co-primary outcomes. In the context of larger interventional trials, these outcomes will often be robust and patient-oriented, such as mortality, which is both a safety and efficacy endpoint. Looking at trials of acute peri-operative pain relief, however, we seem to have considerable skew towards more focused and less robust efficacy outcomes, such as visual analogue scales for pain or opioid consumption at various time-points [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. How many points would we want to see reduced on the scale to comfortably administer a drug that can cause fatal arrhythmias, when other treatment modalities are available?&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;A previous systematic review of 565 peri-operative trials and 165 different outcomes, showed that adverse events (reported variably in 95% of identified trials) are eclipsed by self-reported pain scales [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. This suboptimal assessment of safety outcomes leads to an overestimation of the relative benefits of interventions, with intravenous lidocaine no exception. Furthermore, even large-scale trials are unlikely to detect rare events, and event registries may be a more appropriate approach, should one have access to them. Finally, it is worth recalling that intravenous lidocaine is still not licensed for this indication and, therefore, the 2019 consensus recommendations are not endorsed by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency nor the Safe Anaesthesia Liaison Group; facts highlighted previously by Pandit and McGuire and, to the best of my awareness, still true at the time of writing [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Summing up the above issues inherent to peri-operative pain management intervention trials and lack of robust evidence on efficacy and safety, we have a well-executed population pharmacokinetic study of a post-authorisation unlicensed drug that has already demonstrated, and continues to demonstrate, dose-dependent safety concerns [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;]. If these concerns are tied directly to exposure levels, recommending higher doses without additional clinical validation, specifically assessing safety, could expose patients to undue risk of adverse events. Caution should be exercised and suggested dosing regimens not applied by clinicians based on this study. In the meantime, we have a consensus guideline on using intravenous lidocaine infusions, if clinicians feel their use","PeriodicalId":7742,"journal":{"name":"Anaesthesia","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial and ethnic disparity in obstetric anaesthesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Robert Craig, Shaima El Nour, Lauren Borg Xuereb, Alexander Gibbs, Sureka Suriyakumar, Lindsay Blake, Anna L. David, Allison Lee, Diane Nzelu, S. Ramani Moonesinghe, Sohail Bampoe, Brendan Carvalho, Justin Kua, James E. O'Carroll","doi":"10.1111/anae.16581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.16581","url":null,"abstract":"Racial and ethnic disparities in obstetrics persist globally despite improvements in maternal mortality rates and are related to access, experience and outcomes. We aimed to elucidate the racial and ethnic disparity in obstetric analgesia and anaesthesia.","PeriodicalId":7742,"journal":{"name":"Anaesthesia","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143569444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information – Editorial Board","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/anae.16334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.16334","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7742,"journal":{"name":"Anaesthesia","volume":"80 4","pages":"347"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/anae.16334","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in anaesthesia: shaping the future of workforce and wellbeing","authors":"Cian J. Hurley","doi":"10.1111/anae.16585","DOIUrl":"10.1111/anae.16585","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Burnout is a syndrome characterised by emotional exhaustion leading to frustration, fatigue and a lack of professional efficacy [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. Healthcare professionals are particularly susceptible [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;], resulting from disruption of the delicate balance between workload and factors that contribute to career fulfilment. Factors that influence trainee burnout are well established [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. Anaesthesia residents can rotate hospitals every 6 months and poorly designed, rigid rotas that lack transparency have been highlighted as a key contributor to burnout [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Artificial intelligence (AI) has the power to revolutionise efficiency in many areas across healthcare, but its role in well-being has yet to be considered. This study examines the application of AI in designing a rota for 27 residents in an anaesthesia department. It was hypothesised that AI can assist with the delivery of complete 6-month rotas, equal share of on-call commitments and facilitate flexibility with leave requests. A rota template was constructed using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA) with commands built from ChatGPT (OpenAI, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA). The programme was tailored for the requirements of an anaesthetic department. The process then began by assigning leave ensuring minimum daily staffing requirements were met and all residents received their leave entitlements. The on-call rota was then assembled across three tiers: operating theatres; obstetrics; and critical care. A weekly rota was designed to auto-populate, accounting for the on-call, post call and leave schedules. The study investigates the performance of the AI-derived rota for two 6-month cycles (July 2024 to January 2025 and January–July 2025).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Residents received a complete 6-month rota before commencing the post. There was an equal spread of on-call commitments accounting for planned changes between call tiers due to training progression. During the first 6 months, the mean number of on-calls for operating theatres, obstetrics and critical care was 23.8 (95%CI 20.3–27.3); 42.5 (95%CI 41.3–43.7); and 37.7 (95%CI 32.2–43.2), respectively. The on-call frequency during the second cycle was 31.5 (95%CI 30.4–32.6); 33.1 (95%IC 32.5–33.7); and 27.4 (95%CI 23.2–31.6), respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Artificial intelligence-assisted decision-making resulted in a turnaround time of 1 day for the final approval of all leave requests. A call frequency tracker was published to ensure rostering transparency. Table 1 highlights the results of the AI-derived rota for the two 6-month rota cycles. The performance of the programme improved following minor adjustments after the first 6-month cycle. Sixty-four (89%) of first preference annual leave requests were approved which increased to 68 (100%) during the second cycle. All residents sitting exams (n = 20) received a minimum 10 days of leave and all attended college training days (n = 25).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The British M","PeriodicalId":7742,"journal":{"name":"Anaesthesia","volume":"80 5","pages":"584-585"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/anae.16585","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"It's not (all) about the bike: making pre-operative risk stratification equitable","authors":"Donna Shrestha,&nbsp;Cliff Shelton,&nbsp;Mike Charlesworth","doi":"10.1111/anae.16582","DOIUrl":"10.1111/anae.16582","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7742,"journal":{"name":"Anaesthesia","volume":"80 5","pages":"471-475"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143545938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Pain as regional anaesthesia wears off’ or ‘rebound pain’: what's in a name?","authors":"Priyanka Singla,&nbsp;Ying Ye,&nbsp;Nabil M. Elkassabany,&nbsp;Edward R. Mariano","doi":"10.1111/anae.16583","DOIUrl":"10.1111/anae.16583","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7742,"journal":{"name":"Anaesthesia","volume":"80 6","pages":"607-611"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity may present challenges but does not preclude gastric ultrasound","authors":"Rafael S. F. Nersessian,&nbsp;Leopoldo M. da Silva,&nbsp;Glenio B. Mizubuti","doi":"10.1111/anae.16587","DOIUrl":"10.1111/anae.16587","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;We thank Yarımoglu et al. [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] for their valuable comments regarding our recently published work [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. As noted in our methods, we had initially not included patients with BMI &gt; 40 kg.m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; and ASA physical status score ≥ 3 [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. However, and as rightfully pointed out by Yarımoglu et al. [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;], the data in table 1 indicate that the upper range limit of BMI was 46.4 kg.m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; in the semaglutide group and 40.1 kg.m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; in the non-semaglutide group [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. Upon reviewing our data, we identified four patients with morbid obesity (BMI 40.7, 42.4, 45.1 and 46.4 kg.m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;) in the semaglutide group and one (BMI 40.1 kg.m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;) in the non-semaglutide group [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. While we apologise for this oversight, on further review of our data, neither of these patients had increased residual gastric content upon point-of-care gastric ultrasound assessment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As per our institutional protocol, all patients (regardless of BMI) who had used semaglutide within 10 days of their elective surgical procedure underwent pre-operative bedside gastric ultrasound to mitigate the risk of bronchoaspiration which explains the inclusion of patients with morbid obesity in our dataset. In the non-semaglutide group, patients were recruited from a convenience sample of those presenting for elective procedures under anaesthesia, according to the institutional elective surgical scheduling. Given logistical constraints, it was impractical to perform gastric ultrasound in all patients during the data collection period.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Importantly, despite our unintentional inclusion (in both groups) of five patients with BMI &gt; 40 kg.m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;, the conclusions of our study remain unchanged [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. Even with the original analysis using propensity score, no statistical difference in residual gastric content was observed related to obesity, which aligns with existing published data [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. Our findings suggest that semaglutide use and patient age (but not BMI) were the key determinants of increased residual gastric content in our studied population. It is important to note that our studied groups were not initially matched for age, weight, BMI or sex, as the convenience sampling of non-semaglutide users remains a recognised limitation [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Finally, our primary reason for excluding patients with BMI &gt; 40 kg.m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; was the potential technical challenges in performing gastric ultrasound in this patient population, which could lead to inconclusive results. Nevertheless, several studies have shown the feasibility and validity of point-of-care gastric ultrasound to assess residual gastric content in patients with BMI &gt; 40 kg.m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; [&lt;span&gt;4, 5&lt;/span&gt;]. It is important to note that all bedside gastric ultrasound assessments in our study were performed by trained/experienced professionals, thereby significantly reducing, albeit","PeriodicalId":7742,"journal":{"name":"Anaesthesia","volume":"80 5","pages":"595"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/anae.16587","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}