The Academic nurse : the journal of the Columbia University School of Nursing最新文献

{"title":"Applying Findings to Practice","authors":"S. Praeger","doi":"10.1177/1059840508319628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840508319628","url":null,"abstract":"In response to the issue of obesity among youth, the researchers looked at the placement of fastfood outlets and convenience stores near schools, concerned that these venues could be a deterrent to healthy eating behaviors. Proximity was considered walking distance within 0.5 mile or 805 meters of the school. The final sample size was 31,243 “regular and operational” secondary schools whose latitude and longitude location in the United States were determined from the National Center for Education Statistics for schools in all 50 states and Washington, D.C. Separate analyses were done using 1,718 schools from the 20 largest U.S. cities. Convenience stores could be independent or chain stores. The fast-food outlets were classified as “fastfood restaurants and stands” (p. 338) and did not include coffee shops. They could be snack shops, drive-in restaurants, hot dog stands, sandwich and submarine shops, and delicatessens. Researchers found that 37% of public secondary schools nationwide had at least one fast-food restaurant nearby, and 33% had at least one convenience store. African American neighborhoods had fewer fast-food venues but similar numbers of convenience stores when compared with “White” neighborhoods; other racial/ethnic neighborhoods had more fast-food outlets and convenience stores than either of the above neighborhoods. Schools in the highest income neighborhoods had the fewest fast-food venues and convenience stores, followed by the middle-income and lowest income neighborhoods. Within 0.25 mile or 402 meters, high schools had more fast-food restaurants than did middle schools nationwide, whether independent or chain. Urban schools in the 20 largest cities had one or more fast-food restaurants (68%) and convenience stores (56%) in the neighborhood and had more convenience stores within 0.25 mile than did schools nationally. Urban high schools had more fast-food restaurants within walking distance than did middle schools.","PeriodicalId":77407,"journal":{"name":"The Academic nurse : the journal of the Columbia University School of Nursing","volume":"145 1","pages":"249 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86645652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying Findings to Practice","authors":"S. Praeger","doi":"10.1177/1059840566778899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840566778899","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77407,"journal":{"name":"The Academic nurse : the journal of the Columbia University School of Nursing","volume":"9 1","pages":"170 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75726809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leadership Characteristics","authors":"J. Denehy","doi":"10.1622/1059-8405(2008)024[0107:LC]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1622/1059-8405(2008)024[0107:LC]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77407,"journal":{"name":"The Academic nurse : the journal of the Columbia University School of Nursing","volume":"246 1","pages":"107 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76329805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water for Sale: What Are the Costs?","authors":"J. Denehy","doi":"10.1622/1059-8405(2008)024[0059:WFSWAT]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1622/1059-8405(2008)024[0059:WFSWAT]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77407,"journal":{"name":"The Academic nurse : the journal of the Columbia University School of Nursing","volume":"71 6 1","pages":"59 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75532195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research to Reality: Applying Findings to Practice","authors":"S. Praeger","doi":"10.1177/10598405080240020901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10598405080240020901","url":null,"abstract":"In 1991, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defined blood lead levels above 10 g/ dL as needing to prompt public health action. However, research since that time indicates adverse effects on children’s physical, mental, and cognitive development with blood lead levels (BLL) less than 10 g/ dL. In 2005, the Advisory Committee on Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention determined an inverse relationship between BLL and cognitive function. The studies included in this 2007 report address BLLs below the 10 g/dL threshold where this inverse relationship persists despite the lower BLL. Since 1976 there have been substantial decreases in childhood exposure to lead mainly due to regulatory policies. However, imprecision in specimen collection and analytic techniques reveals BLL variations due to an allowable error range. For instance, ‘‘an actual value of blood lead at 7 g/dL could be reported as being any value ranging from 3 g/dL to 11 g/dL and still remain within the allowable error limit’’ as established by federal regulations (p. 3). Although a rapid increase in BLL occurs after acute exposure followed by a gradual decrease in body stores, 70% of lead is stored in bone compartments that can be present for decades. Therefore, BLL levels may not indicate the pattern of exposure to lead, depending on the time of testing. Exposure to lead occurs through a variety of mechanisms. ‘‘The major sources of lead exposure among U.S. children are lead contaminated dust, deteriorated lead-based paint, and lead-contaminated soil’’ (p. 4), although water can be a problem if additives in the disinfection processes are changed. Other sources of","PeriodicalId":77407,"journal":{"name":"The Academic nurse : the journal of the Columbia University School of Nursing","volume":"502 1","pages":"103 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74428346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research to Reality: Applying Findings to Practice","authors":"S. Praeger","doi":"10.1177/10598405080240010901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10598405080240010901","url":null,"abstract":"Powell, L. M., Szczypka, G., Chaloupka, F. J., & Braunschweig, C. L. (2007). Nutritional content of television food advertisements seen by children and adolescents in the United States. Pediatrics, 120(3), 576–583. The purpose of this study was to conduct a largescale assessment of child and adolescent exposure to nutritional television advertising using Neilsen Media Research television ratings. The authors identified the 170 top-rated broadcast network, cable, and syndicated television shows for children (2–11 years old) and adolescents (12–18 years old), and examined every national advertisement aired on those shows over a 9-month period. Excluded from the sample were programs aired on Spanish-language television. Previous literature indicated that television advertising influences food consumption patterns and dietary intake and is associated with adiposity. It is estimated that America’s youth watch, on average, 3 hours and 19 minutes of television per day, and the authors identified 9.5 minutes of product advertising during each hour on television. Children see an average of 18 advertisements for food products per day that are equivalent to 30 seconds each, and teens see 10 per day. The sample included 167,838 product advertisements for children and 182,340 product advertisements for teens. Data analysis focused on advertisements that were food products rather than food-related products, fast-food and non-fast-food restaurants, or other products. Food product advertisements included 50,351 advertisements equivalent to 30 seconds, or 30% of all advertisements for children (2–11 years of age) and 47,955 food product advertisements (18.3%) for adolescent viewers. The nutritional content of these products was analyzed using U.S. Food and Drug Administration serving sizes, nutritional food labeling, or (as a last resort) direct manufacturer information. Food product advertising for child viewing included 451 distinct food brand items. Nutritional analysis indicated the food products advertised for children were","PeriodicalId":77407,"journal":{"name":"The Academic nurse : the journal of the Columbia University School of Nursing","volume":"148 1","pages":"55 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77818975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research to Reality","authors":"D. Canham","doi":"10.1177/10598405070230061001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10598405070230061001","url":null,"abstract":"Research studies indicate a general lack of knowledge among sexually active women regarding transmission, prevention, and treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV). The high incidence of cervical cancer in the female population of Vermont and the link of HPV to cervical cancer prompted the researchers to examine HPV information provided to middle and high school students. A survey tool was collaboratively developed by the HPV Working Group (Fletcher Allen Health Care), the University of Vermont, and the Vermont Cancer Center. Survey questions addressed HPV knowledge, teaching attitudes and behaviors, motivating and enabling factors, and barriers in providing HPV information to students. Public middle and high school nurses and educators throughout Vermont received the mailed survey. One hundred eight surveys were returned, and results were analyzed for four distinct groups (middle school nurses, middle school teachers, high school nurses, and high school teachers). Surveys were returned from 40 high schools and 42 middle schools. Only three of the eight HPV general knowledge questions were answered correctly by more than 70% of the participants. The two questions with the most frequent incorrect answers addressed the relationship between HPV infection and cervical cancer. One question that dealt with the use of condoms for prevention of HPV infection resulted in a statistically significant difference between correct answers from teachers (71%) in comparison to school nurses (44%) (p .006). Correct responses for the general knowledge questions were also higher from high school participants (70%) than from middle school participants (31%) (p .00001). Significantly more high school nurses (81%) stated that insufficient time was spent teaching about HPV in comparison to high school teachers (47%). Categories of HPV content taught were (a) transmission, signs and symptoms, treatment, and consequences;","PeriodicalId":77407,"journal":{"name":"The Academic nurse : the journal of the Columbia University School of Nursing","volume":"2 1","pages":"359 - 361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88543565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research to Reality: Applying Findings to Practice","authors":"D. Canham","doi":"10.1177/10598405070230050901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10598405070230050901","url":null,"abstract":"Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has become increasingly prevalent in the school-age population, and advance practice registered nurses (APRNs) are involved in the assessment and diagnosis of this disorder on a regular basis. The literature indicated that many children with ADHD were not being identified in the primary care setting and that the lack of accurate identification and treatment negatively influenced these children’s long-term outcomes. This study examined the diagnostic practices of APRNs who treated children suspected of having ADHD. Diagnostic methods, the perceived accuracy of the methods, and comfort levels of APRNs in diagnosing and treating children with ADHD also were explored. Questionnaires were mailed to 926 APRNs identified from the Division of Occupational and Professional licensing in the state of Utah. The resulting purposive sample of 526 provided 101 eligible participants. The participants diagnosed and/or treated children with ADHD; the 425 who did not diagnose or treat children with ADHD were excluded from the study. Participants completed a 17-item researcher-developed questionnaire titled ‘‘Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Diagnostic Assessment Methods Utilized in Primary Care.’’ The questionnaire contained three demographic questions, eight nominal questions, three interval questions, and three openended questions. Data were analyzed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Chicago, IL). The majority (58.4%) of the participants were family nurse practitioners. Clinical nurse specialists, pediatric nurse practitioners, adult nurse practitioners, and certified nurse midwives made up the remainder","PeriodicalId":77407,"journal":{"name":"The Academic nurse : the journal of the Columbia University School of Nursing","volume":"54 1","pages":"299 - 300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90104641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research to Reality: Applying Findings to Practice","authors":"D. Canham","doi":"10.1622/1059-8405(2006)22[244:rtraft]2.0.co;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1622/1059-8405(2006)22[244:rtraft]2.0.co;2","url":null,"abstract":"The development of psychosocial resilience is a key factor in coping with stressful life events. Adolescence is a period of physical and emotional stress. Minimal research has examined the relationship between supportive or stressful contributing factors and development of resilience in the adolescent population. This secondary analysis study looked at the developmental process of adolescent psychosocial resilience, specifically in a rural population. The purposes of the study included (a) identifying adolescents demonstrating psychosocial resilience (PR) and determining gender differences in PR in a rural adolescent population, and (b) developing a model that reflects predictive and moderating relationships among critical factors (optimism, chronological age, gender, perceived family and friend support, number of negative life events, and psychosocial resilience). Resilience was defined as having a high-risk status and adapting better than expected in stressful situations. For this rural adolescent population, better-than-expected adaptation was defined as depressive symptoms lower than the population mean, substance use lower than the sample mean, and cognitive coping above the sample mean. A convenience sample of 624 students (females n 376; males n 248) was selected from four rural Pennsylvania schools. The group was predominantly Caucasian (n 606), with a mean age of 15.8 years. Secondary analysis examined numbers of the sample population having a specific attribute at one time, levels of PR, and predictive and/ or moderating PR internal factors. Results of the study indicated that 30.6% had low levels of PR, 45% had medium levels, and 21.3% had high levels. A greater percentage of girls (36%) had low PR, whereas a higher percentage of boys (50%) had medium PR. A total of 25.4% of the males had higher levels of PR in comparison with female participants. Gender and resiliency levels were statistically significant. Five variables were found to be predictive of psychosocial resilience: optimism, bad life event, gender, age,","PeriodicalId":77407,"journal":{"name":"The Academic nurse : the journal of the Columbia University School of Nursing","volume":"10 1","pages":"239 - 240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84210802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research to Reality: Applying Findings to Practice","authors":"D. Canham","doi":"10.1177/10598405070230031001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10598405070230031001","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing rate of skin cancer in the United States and the finding of a marked decrease in the use of sun protection in the adolescent population require the development of effective intervention strategies. This study proposed to determine if a community-wide intervention with several components could change the downward trend in sun protection that occurs in early adolescence. The study involved 10 communities located in New Hampshire and Vermont, matched into five pairs based on their school and community characteristics. Additional criteria included not participating in a previous SunSafe study, the middle school had grades 6 through 8 in one building, and the community had to have at least one primary care provider and a freshwater beach or town swimming pool. The communities were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. The initial observations of the sun protection behaviors of early adolescents (entering 6th–8th grades) were completed over the course of one summer. Community intervention strategies were implemented during the 3 years following the initial observations and subsequent observations for three summers. Multiple sun protection messages were distributed through a variety of channels in the schools and communities. Thirty-minute sessions to provide information about sun protection rates of adolescents and the risks of skin cancer were presented by project staff to clinicians, school personnel, pool and beach staff, and athletic coaches. The school principals selected volunteer liaisons, most frequently school nurses or health education teachers. Teachers were offered curricular activities that could be incorporated into the curriculum. Physical education teachers provided a 45-minute related activity for all students during the second and third years of the study. Peer education teams composed of 8th through 12th grade students worked with the middle school students and the teachers. A variety of community involve-","PeriodicalId":77407,"journal":{"name":"The Academic nurse : the journal of the Columbia University School of Nursing","volume":"11 1","pages":"185 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88283555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}