{"title":"A thermally reversible dynamic bond as a magnetic and nonlinear optical switch","authors":"Xue-Li Cao, Jin Liu, Chuan-Qi Shen, Shu-Qi Wu, Zi-Shuo Yao, Qing Li, Zhong-Min Cao, Lu-Yao Liu, Fu-Lin Lin, Zi-Ang Nan, Zhu Zhuo, Wei Wang, Osamu Sato, You-Gui Huang","doi":"10.1007/s11426-024-2512-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11426-024-2512-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In general, flexible metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) change their structures via framework breathing in response to external stimuli (usually guest adsorption and desorption). Here, we show a dynamic coordination bond in a flexible MOF driving a thermo-induced diffuse phase transition occurring in a wide temperature range of 130–270 K (centered at ∼200 K), which enables the switching of magnetism and second-harmonic generation (SHG) responses. In specific, a solvent-free Co<sup>II</sup>-based flexible MOF Co<sub>2</sub>(TPY)<sub>2</sub>(BPTC) (<b>1</b>), bearing biphenyl-3,3′,5,5′-tetracarboxylic acid (H<sub>4</sub>BPTC) and 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (TPY) ligands, exhibits a reversible thermo-responsive coordination-mode switching between five- and six-fold. This dynamic bond results in the reversible transformation between a distorted polar framework and a regular nonpolar framework, and therefore leads to the subtle change of the magnetic property and substantial change of the nonlinear optical property of <b>1</b>.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":772,"journal":{"name":"Science China Chemistry","volume":"68 8","pages":"3558 - 3563"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Machine learning approaches for designing polybenzoxazines with balanced thermal stability and dielectric properties","authors":"Jiahang Zhang, Yong Yu, Qixin Zhuang, Wei Yin, Peiyuan Zuo, Xiaoyun Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11426-024-2584-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11426-024-2584-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polybenzoxazines are widely used as high-performance polymers in machinery, aerospace, and other industries. However, despite recent advances in synthesizing improved polybenzoxazines, achieving a good balance between multiple properties still presents a significant challenge. More specifically, this difficulty arises from the sparsity of historical experimental data and the lack of a well-established structure-property relationship, which hinders the development of polybenzoxazines with excellent overall performance. This study proposes a machine-learning-assisted approach that rapidly screens novel benzoxazines with high thermal stability and excellent dielectric properties by exploring a vast chemical space. Three highly reliable machine learning models are developed to predict the 5% weight loss temperature (<i>T</i><sub>d5</sub>), dielectric constant, and dielectric loss of polybenzoxazines, respectively. Subsequently, high-throughput benzoxazines are designed using a reaction template, and property prediction is performed using a machine learning model we created. Then, experiments were carried out to verify the designed structures. The results indicate that the experimental values of the polybenzoxazines align closely with the predicted values from the machine learning model, with errors falling within acceptable limits. In addition, substructures that affect the thermal stability and dielectric properties are also extracted and discussed. Compared to the traditional trial-and-error approach, this new method offers a more efficient and cost-effective way to accelerate the innovation of high-performance thermosetting resins.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":772,"journal":{"name":"Science China Chemistry","volume":"68 8","pages":"3732 - 3743"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-performance solution-processed OLEDs utilizing a nonplanar terdentate chloroplatinum emitter","authors":"Si-Hai Wu, Jian-Cheng Chen, Zhe Zhang, Ren-Hui Zheng, Hui-E. Peng, Zifeng Zhao, Dian-Xue Ma, Zhong-Qiu Li, Jiang-Yang Shao, Yu-Wu Zhong","doi":"10.1007/s11426-024-2582-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11426-024-2582-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Platinum complexes are one of the most promising emitters for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and they have been studied for decades. However, it is still challenging to realize high-performance solution-processed OLEDs by using the platinum complex as an emissive dopant. Herein, a nonplanar terdentate [Pt(N^C^N)Cl] emitter (<b>Pt1</b>) with good solubility and film-forming ability, ultrahigh photoluminescence quantum yield (98% in PMMA film), and short excited-state lifetime (1.5 µs in solution) is presented to achieve this goal. This complex is designed and synthesized by using a nonplanar ligand strategy. Solution-processed OLEDs of <b>Pt1</b> are successfully fabricated to show a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE<sub>max</sub>) of 16.14%, a maximum current efficiency (CE<sub>max</sub>) of 46.36 cd A<sup>−1</sup>, a maximum luminance (<i>L</i><sub>max</sub>) of 13990 cd m<sup>−2</sup>, and operating half-lifetime (LT<sub>50</sub>) of 288 min, respectively, representing the highest performance recorded so far based on the terdentate platinum complexes. More importantly, the large-area (144 mm<sup>2</sup>) OLEDs of <b>Pt1</b> with high EQE<sub>max</sub> of 10.28% and uniform luminance of 8076 cd m<sup>−2</sup> have been achieved, indicating a high potential of <b>Pt1</b> for commercial applications.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":772,"journal":{"name":"Science China Chemistry","volume":"68 9","pages":"4150 - 4159"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CO2-fueled non-equilibrium supramolecular gels as gas-encoded information encryption materials","authors":"Yulian Zhang, Xin Liang, Qiang Yan","doi":"10.1007/s11426-024-2513-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11426-024-2513-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dissipative self-assembly, which exploits energy inputs of chemical fuels to maintain the functional states far from equilibrium, is essential to living systems. Among a variety of fuels, carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) gas has yet to be introduced in artificial dissipative materials. Here we describe a CO<sub>2</sub>-fueled non-equilibrium co-assembly system that couples with a C1 catalytic pathway to dissipate the fuel for function output. Using common frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) as precursors, CO<sub>2</sub> can dynamically bridge between them to constitute metastable amphiphiles, which not only highly activate CO<sub>2</sub> but also enable their co-assembly with substrates into a transient fibrillar gel. In turn, the backward pathway is realized by cooperative C1 catalysis of the substrate and activated CO<sub>2</sub> species in the assembled state. This can boost the depletion of gas fuel and facilitate disassembly to the sol. Moreover, tailoring the intrinsic substrate/FLP chemistries, as well as external cues, to shift the catalytic activity is accessible to regulate the period and lifetime of sol-gel-sol transition over a wide range. Based on the tunability in phase transition on a time scale, we develop time-gated information encryption materials using the transient FLP array loaded gas-encoded substrates, and the correct information can be read only at a specified time window. This study provides inspiration for a new paradigm of fuel for dissipative systems and their intelligent materials applications.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":772,"journal":{"name":"Science China Chemistry","volume":"68 8","pages":"3744 - 3755"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiatian Li, Abdul Qadeer Khan, Weiqiang Zhao, Zhipeng Lai, Qiankun Bao, Muhammad Rafique, Fazhi Ye, Jie Bai, Qiang Zhou, Liqiang Mai, Zongqian Wang, Enzhao Liu, Xiang Zhou, Zunfeng Liu
{"title":"Molecular origin for toughness of hydrogel artificial spider silk for surgical sutures","authors":"Jiatian Li, Abdul Qadeer Khan, Weiqiang Zhao, Zhipeng Lai, Qiankun Bao, Muhammad Rafique, Fazhi Ye, Jie Bai, Qiang Zhou, Liqiang Mai, Zongqian Wang, Enzhao Liu, Xiang Zhou, Zunfeng Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11426-024-2558-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11426-024-2558-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The pursuit of biomimetic fibers with simultaneous high toughness and strength persists, despite their inherent trade-offs. However, for artificial spider silk based on gel fiber, it is still unclear for the molecular chain attributes related to the improvement of the strength and toughness. Here, a hydrogel fiber was prepared by mimicking the molecular structure of natural spider silk, and we delved into the molecular chain structure characteristics related to the strength, toughness and damping capacity of gel fiber, such as crosslinking density, molecular chain orientation and hydrogen bond interaction. The results indicate that a certain increase in crosslinking density and molecular chain orientation contributes to the enhancement of tensile strength, while the toughness and damping remain essentially unaltered. The thermal dissociation of hydrogen bond could enhance the toughness in a specific range, while the humidity destruction of hydrogen bond would reduce the toughness. Through well-regulation control of the weight ratio of polyacrylamide (PAM) to poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), the PAM@PAA gel fibers could reach maximum breaking strength of 1.02 GPa, maximum toughness of 149 MJ m<sup>−3</sup>, and damping capacity of 95%. PAM@PAA gel fiber has demonstrated excellent wound healing performance and biocompatibility <i>in vivo</i> evaluation as a surgical suture, which indicates its potential in biomedical applications.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":772,"journal":{"name":"Science China Chemistry","volume":"68 8","pages":"3723 - 3731"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chemical closed-loop recyclable thermosetting polymers based on dynamic covalent bonds","authors":"Zi-Han Zhao, Jiajun Fu","doi":"10.1007/s11426-024-2550-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11426-024-2550-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Conventional thermosetting plastics have faced the dilemma of non-degradability and recycling, leading to waste accumulation and a huge burden on the global environment and economy. Realizing recycling, reusing and repurposing plastics is a meaningful mileage for the development of sustainable ecological energy. Closed-loop recycling represents an emerging strategy for achieving the circular “waste-to-starting value-to-polymeric plastics” in recent years. Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) offers an attractive and efficient targeted design concept for closed-loop recyclable thermosetting polymers. In this review, the features and mechanisms of various DCC including Schiff bases, B–O bonds, sulfide- or selenide-based linkages, acetal linkages, etc., are discussed in the construction of recyclable polymers. Based on the reversible cleavage and reformation of dynamic covalent bonds, chemically closed-loop recyclable polymers with multi-functions have been raised and developed as promising circular materials. Furthermore, we highlight and analyze the process, conditions and mechanisms of the depolymerization of polymers and recovery of monomers, as well as the remanufacture of cycled polymer networks. Significantly, the reported closed-loop recyclable thermosetting polymers exhibit potential applications in multiple fields, while providing an advanced aspect for resolving plastic waste pollution and promoting the circularity in polymeric materials. Finally, existing challenges and opportunities such as the limited production process, high costs, harsh recycling conditions, and the maintenance of comprehensive performance of thermosetting polymers in the process of implementing the practical use are proposed and discussed.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":772,"journal":{"name":"Science China Chemistry","volume":"68 9","pages":"4025 - 4046"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Amplified circularly polarized luminescence in assembly of terpyridine-ZnII and GTP induced by silver(I) ion","authors":"Huahua Fan, Runjia Wang, Li Zhang, Minghua Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11426-024-2571-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11426-024-2571-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The G-quartet, a hydrogen-bonded macrocycle formed by cation-templated assembly of guanosine derivative, plays a vital role in areas ranging from structural biology to supramolecular chemistry and nanotechnology. Herein, we show a zinc-terpyridine derivative (Ftpy) that could form complex with various guanosine phosphates, exhibiting relatively weak circularly polarized luminescence CPL (dissymmetry factor, <i>g</i><sub>lum</sub> ≈ 1 × 10<sup>−3</sup>). Interestingly, when Ag<sup>+</sup> ions are involved, significantly boosted circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) is obtained in the assemblies of Ftpy with GTP, which the <i>g</i><sub>lum</sub> can reach to 0.15. In contrast, no significant difference is observed in the presence of other cations (Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Rb<sup>+</sup>, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup>, and Sr<sup>2+</sup>). It reveals that CPL signal is amplified due to the formation of G-quartet in the presence of Ag<sup>+</sup> ions, which further hierarchically self-associate into helically stacked supramolecular aggregates with the cooperation and <i>π</i>-<i>π</i> of Ftpy, contributing to the expression of chirality information. Furthermore, the co-assemblies of Ftpy/GTP/Ag<sup>+</sup> exhibit an enantioselective recognition of enantiomeric penicillamine by CPL spectra. This work provides a straightforward avenue to fabricate supramolecular assemblies with strong CPL based on G-quartet formation.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":772,"journal":{"name":"Science China Chemistry","volume":"68 9","pages":"4415 - 4424"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jie Li, Yuting Zhao, Baoyu Li, Lixi Chen, Qi Guo, Wanrong Song, Linwei He, Long Chen, Mingxing Zhang, Zhifang Chai, Shuao Wang
{"title":"Converging synergistic functions into a cationic polymeric network for unparalleled remediation of TcO4− from high-level radioactive wastes","authors":"Jie Li, Yuting Zhao, Baoyu Li, Lixi Chen, Qi Guo, Wanrong Song, Linwei He, Long Chen, Mingxing Zhang, Zhifang Chai, Shuao Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11426-024-2551-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11426-024-2551-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Efficient segregation of TcO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> from high-level radioactive wastes (HLW) is critical for robust nuclear waste management and environmental protection. However, achieving deep decontamination is especially challenging in complex conditions of strong basicity, high radiation, and excessively competitive anions. Herein, we addressed the long-term challenge by modifying the imidazolium core with phenyl, trimethylphenyl, and benzyl groups in a flexible polymer chain, which constructs a precisely targeted microenvironment for selective TcO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> capture. This custom-engineered material (SCU-CPN-7) exhibits fast kinetics, high adsorption capacity (314.7 mg/g), excellent distribution coefficient (1.3 × 10<sup>7</sup> mL/g), and remarkable efficiency in TcO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> uptake under the combining extreme conditions of strong alkalinity (1 M NaOH) and high radioactivity. More importantly, owing to the synergistic effects of the hydrophobic effect, electrostatic affinity, and p-<i>π</i> interactions, SCU-CPN-7 demonstrates exceptional selectivity, capable of almost quantificationally removing TcO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> in the coexistence of a large excess of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, leading to an unparalleled uptake performance of TcO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> from simulated HLW in both batch and dynamic column separation tests.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":772,"journal":{"name":"Science China Chemistry","volume":"68 9","pages":"4348 - 4357"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}