{"title":"Red flags.","authors":"M. Priola","doi":"10.4135/9781483330792.n3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483330792.n3","url":null,"abstract":"Feeding times occur at increasingly predictable intervals. Infant can sequence two or more sucks from breast or bottle before pausing to breathe. Infant consumes 2 – 6 ounces of milk or formula per feeding with six or more feedings per day. Shows a steady weight gain. Feedings are difficult for baby and caregivers, may demonstrate noisy sucking, excessive jaw movement, weak lip seal on nipple, or excessive leakage of milk or formula while nursing or bottle feeding. Baby may be lethargic if not getting enough milk, does not wake up for feeds. 2 months Can focus on objects and track vertically and horizontally across midline Inconsistent focus with limited or no evidence of tracking.","PeriodicalId":77268,"journal":{"name":"Midwifery today and childbirth education","volume":"26 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48898517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Making a connection.","authors":"K. Salt","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv23khmnb.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv23khmnb.19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77268,"journal":{"name":"Midwifery today and childbirth education","volume":"41 1","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42960960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stopping the cycle.","authors":"C. Brown","doi":"10.1163/9789004441651_041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004441651_041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77268,"journal":{"name":"Midwifery today and childbirth education","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64562423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"TEA FOR TWO","authors":"Arr Daryl Runswick","doi":"10.21557/dsp.60937118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21557/dsp.60937118","url":null,"abstract":"A Tea for Two","PeriodicalId":77268,"journal":{"name":"Midwifery today and childbirth education","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68214296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Consanguinity Marriage Increases Risk of Newborn’s Congenital Anomalies in Sulaimani City","authors":"N. Kamal","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.89257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89257","url":null,"abstract":"Consanguineous marriage may cause the transfer of two recessive defective mechanisms, one from the mother and the other from the father, to offspring, which may cause the appearance of congenital anomalies. This study is aimed at determining the role of consanguineous marriage with congenital anomalies and their types in Sulaimani City. This is a retrospective case-control study based on hospital records. The study was conducted in Maternity Teaching Hospital of Sulaimani City from January 1 to December 31 of 2018. A record of 522 neonates (260 newborns with CA and 262 newborns with the absence of CA) were delivered from the Maternity Teaching Hospital and all private hospitals which were collected from the statistic section of the maternal and child care unit of the Preventive Health Department. The sample of neonates without congenital anomalies was collected randomly from hospital records, and stillbirth was excluded. Categorical variables were summarized as frequencies and percentages, while for numeric variables mean and the standard deviation were used. Chi-square test was applied to compare categorical variables and odds ratios using STATA 12. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant if p smaller than 0.001 was reported as < 0.001. The mean age of the newborn children with CA was (1.79, SD 2.04) and for the mother’s cases was (29.59, SD 4.97). The commonest type of CA was congenital heart disease (25%); low birth weight and gender were statistically associated with types of CA (χ2 = 30.53 and p = 0.006 vs. χ2 = 45.3, p = <0.000, respectively). There was a significant correlation between parental marriage with anomalies (OR, 1.83, p = 0.001) and increase mothers age 30 years and over (OR, 2.56, p = 0.03). For eliminating this problem, there is an urgent need for educating unmarried people on the deleterious effects of consanguineous marriage, especially in Sulaimani City with high overall consanguinity rates.","PeriodicalId":77268,"journal":{"name":"Midwifery today and childbirth education","volume":"23 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77948239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low Birth Weight and Adverse Perinatal Outcomes","authors":"Melaku Desta","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.89049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89049","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, annually an estimated 15–20% of all births are low birth weight (LBW). Low birth weights are at a greater risk of neonatal and postneonatal mortality and morbidities. Therefore, this chapter is aimed to highlight the prevalence of low birth weight, predictors and adverse perinatal outcomes, and the respective possible prevention modalities. Sociodemographic, obstetric (previous abortion, hypertensive disorder, antenatal visits, and prematurity), and nutritional factors increased the risk of low birth weight. Low birth weight neonates were associated with adverse perinatal and childhood outcomes: low Apgar score, neonatal death, malnutrition, academic, and mental disorders. Improving the care of women who have previous or recent morbidities, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and prematurity should be priorities aimed at reducing low birth weight and its adverse perinatal outcomes. Incorporating mental health in the prenatal visit, improving the care for a high-risk pregnant woman, and community-based kangaroo mother care practice were also recommended.","PeriodicalId":77268,"journal":{"name":"Midwifery today and childbirth education","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80962600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Induction of Labor: Review of Pros, Cons, and Controversies","authors":"D. Morrish, I. Hoskins","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.89237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89237","url":null,"abstract":"Although induction of labor (IOL) has increased over the years, corresponding improvements in perinatal outcomes have not occurred. IOL may result in increased risks for mother and baby, due to factors like gestational age (GA), Bishop score of cervix, and the methods used. Failed IOL resulting in increased cesarean sections may be due to unripe cervix, inadequate Pitocin use, and incorrect patient choice. Medically indicated IOL does not require awaiting 39 weeks GA. Nonmedically indicated IOL prior to 39 weeks GA may result in neonatal morbidity. Patients at 39 weeks GA can be induced electively and need not await labor. Cervical ripening methods include vaginal, oral, or IV medications and can be administered as outpa-tients rather than in hospitals, in order to decrease financial and time constraints. Ethical issues regarding indications, GA, choice of agent, location of cervical ripening, and failed IOL can have an impact on healthcare resources.","PeriodicalId":77268,"journal":{"name":"Midwifery today and childbirth education","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78673222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards Salutogenetic Birth Space","authors":"Z. Drglin","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.89771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89771","url":null,"abstract":"How can we improve the birth space to protect the normal physiological birth; how do we enable, preserve and promote it? The place where childbirth takes place, including the persons in this space, affects a woman’s well-being (she feels safe, connected, relaxed or scared, strained or endangered) and the way she responds as an incarnate being and also influences the course of childbirth. According to the effects of the place of giving birth, we distinguish between pathogenetic—expe-rienced by the woman giving birth as dangerous, even hostile—and salutogenetic effects with “birthing shelter” characteristics. Modern findings of different disci-plines (physiology, architecture, neuroscience, social and evolutional anthropology and culturology) contribute to our understanding of the complexity of childbirth, the needs of the woman and her baby and lead to maternity hospitals being designed as places of support for the holistic health of both; they also present basic recommendations for transforming maternity hospitals into salutogenetic birth places. We present changes that are taking place in the design of birth spaces and research results that are encouraging, supporting birth physiology at its best.","PeriodicalId":77268,"journal":{"name":"Midwifery today and childbirth education","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73181652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influences the Aeromath in the Way of Ending Births","authors":"R. Sram, M. Velemínský","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.89285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89285","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution represents a significant health problem in the Czech Republic (CR). Originally, the most polluted region was Northern Bohemia, later Northern Moravia. These specific conditions were used to study the impact of air pollution to children in those two regions. In Northern Bohemia, the impact of the increased concentrations of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs) to fetal growth was observed, expressed as intrauterine growth retardation and impact of air pollution to respiratory morbidity and neurodevelopment in children. In Northern Moravia was studied the effect of air pollution to the morbidity of preschool children; to asthma bronchiale—gene expression, children susceptibility to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P); to genetic damage in newborns; concentrations of PAHs in the urine of mothers and newborns, content of PAHs in human breast milk and diet.","PeriodicalId":77268,"journal":{"name":"Midwifery today and childbirth education","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90179183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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