Medicine and warPub Date : 1992-07-01DOI: 10.1080/07488009208409045
E A Willis, J Taghipour
{"title":"Effects of prolonged war and repression on a country's health status and medical services: some evidence from Iran 1979-90.","authors":"E A Willis, J Taghipour","doi":"10.1080/07488009208409045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07488009208409045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The decade following the Islamic revolution in Iran is surveyed from the point of view of the various ways in which the repressive policies of the new regime and, from September 1980, the war with Iraq affected health professionals, medical education and publishing, health services and living conditions. Sources consulted include publications from inside and outside the country, by apologists for and opponents of the regime, and a variety of commentators. Topics studied in more detail are the campaign against drug abuse, the cultural revolution in the universities, the country's leading English-language medical journal, wartime conditions, and the society in the aftermath of the conflict. As well as predating and outlasting the war, the unfavourable climate of repression is seen to have exacerbated its effects in many ways. The population has displayed considerable resilience in the face of overwhelming odds, but the overall picture cannot give much grounds for optimism with regard to either their physical or mental well-being in the future. Particular cause for concern is the profound damage and prolonged neglect sustained by the most basic preconditions for health and medical care.</p>","PeriodicalId":77260,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and war","volume":"8 3","pages":"185-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07488009208409045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12577495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medicine and warPub Date : 1992-07-01DOI: 10.1080/07488009208409047
I L Doucet
{"title":"Biological effects of low frequency electromagnetic fields.","authors":"I L Doucet","doi":"10.1080/07488009208409047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07488009208409047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epidemiological studies since 1979 have raised some medical and much public concern that low frequency electromagnetic fields, such as those of power-lines and in domestic and industrial electrical wiring, may have harmful biological effects. These studies are generally inconsistent, inconclusive, and difficult to replicate. Identifying biological mechanisms by which such harmful effects may occur has proved difficult, although there are several new and promising approaches. In epidemiological and laboratory studies much greater co-ordination and standardization is needed if greater scientific knowledge of these phenomena, as opposed to mere diverse speculation, is to be achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":77260,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and war","volume":"8 3","pages":"205-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07488009208409047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12577498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medicine and warPub Date : 1992-01-01DOI: 10.1080/07488009208409019
I Taipale, A R Jyrkinen
{"title":"Finnish international twin- and friendship-hospital work.","authors":"I Taipale, A R Jyrkinen","doi":"10.1080/07488009208409019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07488009208409019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article describes co-operation between three psychiatric hospitals in different parts of the world. Twin- and friendship-hospital work is a way to increase the status of psychiatric hospitals and psychiatric patients in society. Direct contacts between hospital workers of these hospitals is now part of everyday life. It has been an innovative addition to 'normal' psychiatric work.</p>","PeriodicalId":77260,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and war","volume":"8 1","pages":"31-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07488009208409019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20080713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medicine and warPub Date : 1992-01-01DOI: 10.1080/07488009208409016
N A Coulter
{"title":"Militarism: a psychosocial disease.","authors":"N A Coulter","doi":"10.1080/07488009208409016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07488009208409016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevention of nuclear was logically implies the abolition of war itself. Approaches to the prevention of war founder on a paradox: as long as war is a credible option, measures to prevent war must be balanced against their negative effect on the conduct of a war if war breaks out. A different approach is to eliminate the credibility of the war option. Militarism is a major obstacle which effectively masks the inherent irrationality of war. Trial by combat is as absurd as the ancient practice of trial by ordeal to determine guilt or innocence. When militarims is addressed as a psychosocial disease, the absurd irrationality of its symptoms is clearly exposed. The actions of medical organizations like the Medical Association for Prevention of War (MAPW) Medical Campaign against Nuclear Weapons (MCANW), Physicians for Social Responsibility (PSR) and International Physicians for Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW), can be appropriately viewed as small but effective steps in the treatment of this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":77260,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and war","volume":"8 1","pages":"7-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07488009208409016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20080715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medicine and warPub Date : 1992-01-01DOI: 10.1080/07488009208409018
T Gallagher
{"title":"Lighting a candle in the Romanian darkness.","authors":"T Gallagher","doi":"10.1080/07488009208409018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07488009208409018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medical students in the Romanian city of Cluj came together to form 'Asklepyos', the Medical and Social Aid Organisation, in the aftermath of the 1989 revolt. Their initial concern with bringing comfort and material help to those most at risk as already depleted state agencies seized up, soon extended to championing the rights to orphans and handicapped people. Asklepyos won the respect and direct backing of western relief agencies because of its professionalism and idealism, attributes in short supply in a country profoundly damaged by the Ceausescu dictatorship. However, it has incurred the hostility of the state on account of its intention to encourage people to co-operate for social goals independent of compromised state agencies. In a society where self-organising associations have been hampered by personality disputes, ethnic suspicions, and past associations with communism, Asklepyos is recognised to be an exceptional initiative. If it founders, this may suggest that the chances of civil society being revitalised in Romania are currently bleak.</p>","PeriodicalId":77260,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and war","volume":"8 1","pages":"25-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07488009208409018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20080712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medicine and warPub Date : 1992-01-01DOI: 10.1080/07488009208409021
O V Rasmussen, K Smidt-Nielsen, G Martirena, J Lopez
{"title":"The ethical and legal responsibilities of the medical profession in relation to torture and the implications of any form of participation by doctors in torture.","authors":"O V Rasmussen, K Smidt-Nielsen, G Martirena, J Lopez","doi":"10.1080/07488009208409021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07488009208409021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77260,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and war","volume":"8 1","pages":"44-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07488009208409021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20080714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medicine and warPub Date : 1991-10-01DOI: 10.1080/07488009108409001
A B Zwi
{"title":"Militarism, militarization, health and the Third World.","authors":"A B Zwi","doi":"10.1080/07488009108409001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07488009108409001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper examines the relationship between militarism, militarization, health and development. It draws attention to the fact that world military expenditure has continued to soar since the Second World War. Wars increasingly exact a heavy civilian toll. Third World countries are consuming, producing, and exporting more armaments than ever before. The rate of growth of military expenditure in developing countries has been far greater than their rate of growth in gross national product or in foreign economic aid. Countries under military control tend to be more repressive and to have suffered more years at war than those under civilian rule. Widespread availability of arms makes the settlement of disputes through violence more likely. Internal wars and violence are stimulated by a range of factors including inequalities in political and economic power, uneven development, and lack of popular participation in policy decisions by the majority of the population. The support of the industrialized countries for armament sales should be monitored, challenged and made politically unpalatable. Local development and regional cooperation should be stimulated. Health workers, as witnesses to the destruction to public health caused by war and violence, should play a part in advocating a reduction in the arms trade and the promotion of development in Third World countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":77260,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and war","volume":"7 4","pages":"262-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07488009108409001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12970252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medicine and warPub Date : 1991-10-01DOI: 10.1080/07488009108409005
J C Broadhead, M A Abas, S W Acuda
{"title":"International conference on the consequences of organized violence in southern Africa.","authors":"J C Broadhead, M A Abas, S W Acuda","doi":"10.1080/07488009108409005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07488009108409005","url":null,"abstract":"A brief report is given of a conference on organized violence that was held in Harare on 4–8 September 1990.","PeriodicalId":77260,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and war","volume":"7 4","pages":"291-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07488009108409005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12970254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medicine and warPub Date : 1991-10-01DOI: 10.1080/07488009108409002
R Eldar
{"title":"Vulnerability of disabled and elderly in disasters: case-study of Israel during 'Desert Storm'.","authors":"R Eldar","doi":"10.1080/07488009108409002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07488009108409002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Populations at risk in a disaster situation include the disabled and elderly. This large and growing segment of the population is in many ways more vulnerable than other people to safety and health hazards of disasters and has specific needs in emergency situations. The 'Desert Storm Operation' (Persian Gulf, January-February 1991) as it affected the elderly and disabled in Israel is described. Although the circumstances were rather specific, the increased vulnerability and some particular needs of this population were disclosed, and could be considered in the plans for preparedness for other types of disaster situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":77260,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and war","volume":"7 4","pages":"269-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07488009108409002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13001914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medicine and warPub Date : 1991-07-01DOI: 10.1080/07488009108408988
D W Oliver
{"title":"The medical effects of postulated accidental release of radioactive material from Heysham Nuclear Power Station.","authors":"D W Oliver","doi":"10.1080/07488009108408988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07488009108408988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effects of a postulated reactor accident at one of the four AGRs at Heysham, NW England, have been studied, assuming a 10% release of the radioactive core. Methods used are a computer program TIRION, analysis of the radiation doses from the Chernobyl release of 1986 and the Windscale fire of 1957. Fatal cases predicted are 200 on-site, 3000 within 30 km and 250,000 in the cloud paths over Northern England. The results would suggest the incidence of fatal cancer would increase from roughly 20% to 27% in the postulated exposed population of 3.6 million.</p>","PeriodicalId":77260,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and war","volume":"7 3","pages":"185-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07488009108408988","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12920840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}