Journal of immunotherapy : official journal of the Society for Biological Therapy最新文献_第5页

Activation of CD8+ murine T cells from tumor-draining lymph nodes by phorbol dibutyrate plus calcium ionophore. 二丁酸磷加钙离子载体活化肿瘤引流淋巴结CD8+小鼠T细胞。

Journal of immunotherapy : official journal of the Society for Biological Therapy Pub Date : 1992-07-01 DOI: 10.1097/00002371-199207000-00004

T M Tuttle, T H Inge, C M McCrady, K P Bethke, H D Bear

{"title":"Activation of CD8+ murine T cells from tumor-draining lymph nodes by phorbol dibutyrate plus calcium ionophore.","authors":"T M Tuttle, T H Inge, C M McCrady, K P Bethke, H D Bear","doi":"10.1097/00002371-199207000-00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002371-199207000-00004","url":null,"abstract":"When lymphocytes from the lymph nodes draining the site of a progressively growing MCA-105 sarcoma are stimulated in vitro with autologous tumor and low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2), they will grow and develop the ability to lyse autologous tumor cells in vitro; these lymphocytes can also eradicate tumor metastases in vivo. Phorbol esters and calcium ionophores activate signal transduction pathways in T cells and mimic the events triggered by antigen binding. We therefore sought to determine whether large numbers of MCA-105 tumor-specific, therapeutically active T cells could be obtained from MCA-105 draining lymph nodes (DLNs) following a brief exposure to phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu) and ionomycin (Io). DLN cells primarily stimulated with autologous tumor, followed by a secondary stimulation with PDBu-Io and cultured in 20 U/ml IL-2, demonstrated marked expansion of cell numbers during 3 weeks in culture, had moderate cytolytic activity [37% at effector:target ratio (E:T) = 80:1], and were all CD8+ T cells. In contrast, DLN cells stimulated primarily with PDBu-Io and cultured in 20 U/ml IL-2 demonstrated at least 8-10-fold greater growth than antigen-stimulated DLN cells during 3 weeks, were moderately cytolytic (31% at E:T = 80:1), and were a mixed population of CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes. DLN cells that were expanded by either protocol, like cells stimulated repeatedly in vitro with tumor cells, could eliminate MCA-105 pulmonary metastases when given with IL-2 in an adoptive immunotherapy model. DLN cells stimulated primarily with PDBu-Io completely eradicated MCA-105 metastases but had no in vivo antitumor activity against the syngeneic B16 melanoma or MCA-203 sarcoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":77209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunotherapy : official journal of the Society for Biological Therapy","volume":"12 1","pages":"32-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00002371-199207000-00004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12558165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Characterization of lymphocytes infiltrating human breast cancer: specific immune reactivity detected by measuring cytokine secretion. 淋巴细胞浸润人乳腺癌的特征:通过测量细胞因子分泌检测特异性免疫反应性。

Journal of immunotherapy : official journal of the Society for Biological Therapy Pub Date : 1992-07-01 DOI: 10.1097/00002371-199207000-00001

D J Schwartzentruber, D Solomon, S A Rosenberg, S L Topalian

{"title":"Characterization of lymphocytes infiltrating human breast cancer: specific immune reactivity detected by measuring cytokine secretion.","authors":"D J Schwartzentruber, D Solomon, S A Rosenberg, S L Topalian","doi":"10.1097/00002371-199207000-00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002371-199207000-00001","url":null,"abstract":"Primary breast cancers from 19 patients and draining lymph nodes from nine of them (seven containing metastatic tumor) were used in growing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in culture. TIL were studied for proliferation, phenotype, cytotoxicity, and the ability to secrete cytokines in response to autologous tumor. Lymphocytes from primary breast tumors proliferated in 15 of 19 cultures, a median of 6.7 x 10(3)-fold in 65 days. For eight of nine patients, lymphocytes derived from draining lymph nodes proliferated in culture, a median of 110-fold in 49 days. Breast TIL became predominantly CD4+ cells over time in culture and were 73% CD4+ and 21% CD8+ (means) at 63 days (median). Lymph node lymphocytes were 63% CD4+ at 51 days. TIL were poorly lytic in 4-hour 51Cr release assays. Lysis of autologous tumor occurred in only one of 12 breast TIL and one of nine lymph node cultures. This lysis was low (15% at effector:target = 40:1) and was nonspecific (non-major-histocompatibility-complex restricted). Cytokine secretion was tested by co-culturing TIL with autologous or allogeneic tumors for 24 hours. Cytokines were measured in culture supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or radioimmunoassay. TIL from three of 11 patients specifically secreted granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma when stimulated by autologous tumor and not by a panel of four to five allogeneic breast cancers. Cytokine secretion has made possible the identification of lymphocytes infiltrating breast cancers with specific immune reactivity. This finding will guide the development of new immunotherapies for patients with breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":77209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunotherapy : official journal of the Society for Biological Therapy","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00002371-199207000-00001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12804572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 95

Phase I trial of recombinant macrophage colony-stimulating factor by rapid intravenous infusion in patients with cancer. 通过快速静脉注射重组巨噬细胞集落刺激因子治疗癌症患者的 I 期试验。

Journal of immunotherapy : official journal of the Society for Biological Therapy Pub Date : 1992-07-01 DOI: 10.1097/00002371-199207000-00006

B G Redman, L Flaherty, T H Chou, M Kraut, S Martino, M Simon, M Valdivieso, E Groves

{"title":"Phase I trial of recombinant macrophage colony-stimulating factor by rapid intravenous infusion in patients with cancer.","authors":"B G Redman, L Flaherty, T H Chou, M Kraut, S Martino, M Simon, M Valdivieso, E Groves","doi":"10.1097/00002371-199207000-00006","DOIUrl":"10.1097/00002371-199207000-00006","url":null,"abstract":"Fourteen patients were entered into a phase I dose-escalation trial of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). M-CSF was administered to inpatients by rapid 15 min i.v. infusion every 8 h x 5 days, repeated after a 9-day rest. Dose levels evaluated were 20, 40, 80, 330, and 1,100 micrograms/m2. Monitoring of patients every 4 h included vital signs, daily complete blood count (CBC), and serum chemistries (SGOT, creatinine, and bilirubin) while receiving M-CSF. No clinical or laboratory evidence of toxicity was seen. The average serum t1/2 varied with dose level. At 330 and 1,100 micrograms/m2, the serum t1/2 was 25 and 84 min, respectively, implying a saturable mechanism of clearance. After 5 days of treatment, the t1/2 decreased by twofold, consistent with enhancement of the saturable mechanism. Monocyte cytotoxicity against the A375 melanoma cell line was evaluated pretreatment and day 5 of each cycle. No consistent enhancement of monocyte cytotoxicity was seen. No effect on peripheral blood monocyte number was seen until the 1,100 micrograms/m2 dose level. At this dose level, the mean monocyte number on day 5 was increased compared to baseline (1,300 mm3 vs. 300/mm3). Clinical activity was seen in two patients with previously progressive leiomyosarcoma metastatic to the liver. A partial response (PR) lasting 7 months occurred at the 330 micrograms/m2 dose level while a patient treated at 1,100 micrograms/m2 has had stable disease for 20+ months. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of M-CSF was not determined. Based on clinical responses, a phase II trial is warranted in patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma.","PeriodicalId":77209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunotherapy : official journal of the Society for Biological Therapy","volume":"12 1","pages":"50-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00002371-199207000-00006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12804575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Damage to mitochondrial respiration chain is related to phospholipase A2 activation caused by tumor necrosis factor. 线粒体呼吸链损伤与肿瘤坏死因子引起的磷脂酶A2活化有关。

Journal of immunotherapy : official journal of the Society for Biological Therapy Pub Date : 1992-07-01 DOI: 10.1097/00002371-199207000-00005

M Higuchi, K Shirotani, N Higashi, S Toyoshima, T Osawa

引用次数: 17

Interleukin-2 and interferon-alpha in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. 白细胞介素-2和干扰素- α治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌。

Journal of immunotherapy : official journal of the Society for Biological Therapy Pub Date : 1992-07-01 DOI: 10.1097/00002371-199207000-00009

R L Jansen, R Slingerland, S H Goey, C R Franks, R L Bolhuis, G Stoter

{"title":"Interleukin-2 and interferon-alpha in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.","authors":"R L Jansen, R Slingerland, S H Goey, C R Franks, R L Bolhuis, G Stoter","doi":"10.1097/00002371-199207000-00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002371-199207000-00009","url":null,"abstract":"The role of combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer is controversial. At best, a small survival benefit can be achieved. Therefore, other treatment modalities are needed. On the basis of the promising treatment results with interleukin-2 (IL-2) -containing immunotherapy in renal cell cancer and melanoma, we performed a phase I-II study with IL-2 and interferon alpha (IFN-alpha). Eligible patients were treated with IL-2 18 x 10(6) IU/m2/day by continuous intravenous infusion (c.i.v.) for 3 days. On the same days, 5 x 10(6) U/m2/day IFN-alpha was given intramuscularly. After a rest period of 4 days, patients at the first dose level received IL-2 2.4 x 10(6) IU/m2/day c.i.v. for a period of 28 days, followed by 14 days' rest, 14 days' treatment, 7 days' rest, and a final treatment for 14 days. Patients at the second dose level were treated according to the same schedule, in which the dose of IL-2 was increased to 3.6 x 10(6) IU/m2/day. During low-dose IL-2 treatment, patients received IFN-alpha 5 x 10(6) U/m2/day on days 1 and 4 of each week. Eleven patients were admitted to the study, six at the first and five at the second dose level. Median age was 54 years; all patients had a performance status of 0 or 1. The most important adverse effects included anorexia, fatigue, nausea, and headache, which were not dose limiting. In the 11 patients treated, no responses were seen. Nine patients developed progressive disease during the first 5 weeks of treatment. We concluded that this regimen of IL-2 and IFN-alpha is ineffective.","PeriodicalId":77209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunotherapy : official journal of the Society for Biological Therapy","volume":"12 1","pages":"70-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00002371-199207000-00009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12496454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 49

Depot characteristics and biodistribution of interleukin-2 liposomes: importance of route of administration. 白介素-2脂质体的贮存特性和生物分布:给药途径的重要性。

Journal of immunotherapy : official journal of the Society for Biological Therapy Pub Date : 1992-07-01 DOI: 10.1097/00002371-199207000-00003

P. Anderson, Emmanuel Katsanis, S. Sencer, D. Hasz, A. Ochoa, B. Bostrom

{"title":"Depot characteristics and biodistribution of interleukin-2 liposomes: importance of route of administration.","authors":"P. Anderson, Emmanuel Katsanis, S. Sencer, D. Hasz, A. Ochoa, B. Bostrom","doi":"10.1097/00002371-199207000-00003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002371-199207000-00003","url":null,"abstract":"Due to rapid clearance of interleukin-2 (IL-2), it has had limited effective use as an in vivo immunostimulant. Current experimental and clinical protocols generally must utilize large doses, multiple injections, or continuous infusions of IL-2 in order to achieve significant immunostimulation, often at the expense of systemic toxicity. Therefore, the pharmacodynamics of IL-2 liposomes were investigated. IL-2 liposome incorporation efficiency was 80.4% (SD 5.5); vesicle diameter was 1.65 microns (SD 0.09) as determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Both formulation (free cytokine vs. IL-2 liposomes) and route of administration were important variables in determination of the biodistribution and pharmacokinetic characteristics of IL-2. When free [125I]IL-2 was given i.v. to mice, only 6.5% was in the blood and 3% in liver and spleen 2 h after injection; on the other hand, at 2 h greater than 70% of i.v. [125I]IL-2 liposomes were detected in the blood, liver, spleen, and lungs. Mean i.v. elimination t1/2 from the blood of rats given 20 x 10(6) U/kg free cytokine or IL-2 liposomes was 41 versus 102 min, respectively, as measured by bioassay and 59 and 119 min as measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). After i.v. administration, the estimated Vd of IL-2 liposomes was 13-fold smaller than the free cytokine. Intrathoracic (i.tx.), i.p., and s.c. administration of [125I]IL-2 to mice also demonstrated significant depot effects when IL-2 was incorporated into liposomes. These data suggest IL-2 liposomes may provide in vivo immunostimulation superior to the free cytokine due to biodistribution and depot characteristics.","PeriodicalId":77209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunotherapy : official journal of the Society for Biological Therapy","volume":"45 1","pages":"19-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80803013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 57

Human leukocyte antigen expression in renal cell carcinoma lesions does not predict the response to interferon therapy. 人白细胞抗原表达在肾细胞癌病变不能预测对干扰素治疗的反应。

Journal of immunotherapy : official journal of the Society for Biological Therapy Pub Date : 1992-07-01 DOI: 10.1097/00002371-199207000-00008

V Mattijssen, J Van Moorselaar, P H De Mulder, L Schalkwijk, D J Ruiter

{"title":"Human leukocyte antigen expression in renal cell carcinoma lesions does not predict the response to interferon therapy.","authors":"V Mattijssen, J Van Moorselaar, P H De Mulder, L Schalkwijk, D J Ruiter","doi":"10.1097/00002371-199207000-00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002371-199207000-00008","url":null,"abstract":"Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) classes I and II molecules are essential for antigen presentation to cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells, respectively. Consequently, they may play a role in anticancer immunotherapy as well. We studied whether the pretreatment HLA phenotype of the tumor is predictive for response to interferon immunotherapy in vivo. Therefore, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) primary tumor lesions from 31 patients treated with interferon-alpha and interferon-gamma (13 responders and 18 nonresponders) were analyzed retrospectively for HLA antigen expression with immunohistochemical methods. Furthermore, from eight patients, pretreatment metastatic lesions were examined. In the primary tumors HLA class I expression was high: in 26 of 30 lesions more than 50% cells were stained. HLA class II expression was mostly low: in 14 of 31 primary tumors less than 5% cells were stained. A significant correlation was found between HLA phenotype of primary tumors and corresponding metastases. There was no association between tumor HLA classes I and II antigen expression and clinical response to interferon therapy. In conclusion, pretreatment HLA phenotype of RCC has no predictive value for outcome of interferon immunotherapy. A role for treatment-induced changes in HLA expression in vivo, however, can not be excluded. These findings do not provide indications for the working mechanism of interferon immunotherapy in vivo.","PeriodicalId":77209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunotherapy : official journal of the Society for Biological Therapy","volume":"12 1","pages":"64-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00002371-199207000-00008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12804577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Inhibitory effects of cytokines on vascular endothelial cells: synergistic interactions among interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1. 细胞因子对血管内皮细胞的抑制作用:干扰素- γ、肿瘤坏死因子- α和白细胞介素-1之间的协同作用。

Journal of immunotherapy : official journal of the Society for Biological Therapy Pub Date : 1992-07-01

K Norioka, E C Borden, R Auerbach

引用次数: 0

Depot characteristics and biodistribution of interleukin-2 liposomes: importance of route of administration. 白介素-2脂质体的贮存特性和生物分布:给药途径的重要性。

Journal of immunotherapy : official journal of the Society for Biological Therapy Pub Date : 1992-07-01

P M Anderson, E Katsanis, S F Sencer, D Hasz, A C Ochoa, B Bostrom

{"title":"Depot characteristics and biodistribution of interleukin-2 liposomes: importance of route of administration.","authors":"P M Anderson, E Katsanis, S F Sencer, D Hasz, A C Ochoa, B Bostrom","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Due to rapid clearance of interleukin-2 (IL-2), it has had limited effective use as an in vivo immunostimulant. Current experimental and clinical protocols generally must utilize large doses, multiple injections, or continuous infusions of IL-2 in order to achieve significant immunostimulation, often at the expense of systemic toxicity. Therefore, the pharmacodynamics of IL-2 liposomes were investigated. IL-2 liposome incorporation efficiency was 80.4% (SD 5.5); vesicle diameter was 1.65 microns (SD 0.09) as determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Both formulation (free cytokine vs. IL-2 liposomes) and route of administration were important variables in determination of the biodistribution and pharmacokinetic characteristics of IL-2. When free [125I]IL-2 was given i.v. to mice, only 6.5% was in the blood and 3% in liver and spleen 2 h after injection; on the other hand, at 2 h greater than 70% of i.v. [125I]IL-2 liposomes were detected in the blood, liver, spleen, and lungs. Mean i.v. elimination t1/2 from the blood of rats given 20 x 10(6) U/kg free cytokine or IL-2 liposomes was 41 versus 102 min, respectively, as measured by bioassay and 59 and 119 min as measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). After i.v. administration, the estimated Vd of IL-2 liposomes was 13-fold smaller than the free cytokine. Intrathoracic (i.tx.), i.p., and s.c. administration of [125I]IL-2 to mice also demonstrated significant depot effects when IL-2 was incorporated into liposomes. These data suggest IL-2 liposomes may provide in vivo immunostimulation superior to the free cytokine due to biodistribution and depot characteristics.","PeriodicalId":77209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunotherapy : official journal of the Society for Biological Therapy","volume":"12 1","pages":"19-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12804574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phase I study of low-dose cyclophosphamide and recombinant interleukin-2 for the treatment of advanced cancer. 低剂量环磷酰胺和重组白细胞介素-2治疗晚期癌症的I期研究。

Journal of immunotherapy : official journal of the Society for Biological Therapy Pub Date : 1992-05-01 DOI: 10.1097/00002371-199205000-00007

C J Verdi, C W Taylor, M K Croghan, P Dalke, F L Meyskens, E M Hersh

{"title":"Phase I study of low-dose cyclophosphamide and recombinant interleukin-2 for the treatment of advanced cancer.","authors":"C J Verdi, C W Taylor, M K Croghan, P Dalke, F L Meyskens, E M Hersh","doi":"10.1097/00002371-199205000-00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002371-199205000-00007","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted a phase I study of low-dose cyclophosphamide and recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) in 66 patients with advanced cancer resistant to standard therapy. All patients were evaluable for toxicity and 46 patients were evaluable for antitumor response. Patients evaluable for antitumor response included 23 with malignant melanoma, 10 with renal cell carcinoma, 4 with colon cancer, and 9 with various other solid tumors. All patients received i.v. cyclophosphamide (350 mg/m2) on day 1 followed by rIL-2 via 15 min i.v. infusion on days 4-8 and 11-15. The doses of rIL-2 ranged from 6.0 to 36.0 x 10(6) IU/m2. Each treatment cycle consisted of 21 days and a total of 113 cycles was administered. The number of treatment cycles administered per patient ranged from 1 to 8. The dose-limiting toxicities associated with rIL-2 included altered mental status, arthralgias, diarrhea, fatigue, fever, hypotension, nausea/vomiting, and peripheral edema. Twelve patients (18%) were removed from the study secondary to toxicity. Among the evaluable patients, 2 (4%) (malignant melanoma, renal cell carcinoma) developed a partial remission, 13 (29%) maintained stable disease, and 31 (67%) developed progressive disease. We conclude that the combination of low-dose cyclophosphamide and rIL-2 is tolerable in most patients but our data do not suggest an improved response rate for the combination vs. rIL-2 alone.","PeriodicalId":77209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of immunotherapy : official journal of the Society for Biological Therapy","volume":"11 4","pages":"286-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00002371-199205000-00007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12766880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17